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(533560) 2014 JM₈₀ (provisional designation 2014 JM₈₀) is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO) from the scattered disc in the outermost Solar System, approximately 340 kilometers (210 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 9 May 2010 by astronomers with the Pan-STARRS-1 survey at the Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, in the United States. According to American astronomer Michael Brown, it is "possibly" a dwarf planet.

Orbit and classification

2014 JM₈₀ orbits the Sun at a distance of 46.0–80.2 AU once every 500 years and 11 months (182,969 days; semi-major axis of 63.07 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.27 and an inclination of 20° with respect to the ecliptic.

This distant minor planet is a trans-Neptunian object and a member of the scattered disc population. Scattered-disc objects are thought to have been ejected from the classical Kuiper belt into their current orbits by gravitational interactions with Neptune, and typically have highly eccentric orbits and perihelia of less than 38 AU.

2014 JM₈₀ has also been considered a detached object, since its relatively low eccentricity of 0.27, and its perihelion distance of 46.0 AU are hard to reconcile with the celestial mechanics of a scattered-disc object. This has led to some uncertainty as to the current theoretical understanding of the outermost Solar System. The theories include close stellar passages, unseen planet/rogue planets/planetary embryos in the early Kuiper belt, and resonance interaction with an outward-migrating Neptune. The Kozai mechanism is capable of transferring orbital eccentricity to a higher inclination.

With an orbital period of 500 years, and similar to 2015 FJ345, it seems to be a resonant trans-Neptunian objects in a 1:3 resonance with Neptune, as several other objects, but with a lower eccentricity (0.27 instead of more than 0.60) and a higher perihelia (at 45.8 AU rather than 31–41 AU). 2014 JM₈₀ seems to belong to the same group as 2005 TB₁₉₀.

References

1. ^ "2014 JM80". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
2. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 JM80)" (2015-05-19 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
3. ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (30 December 2017). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
4. "List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
5. JPL Horizons Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is 3-sigma.)
6. ^ Brown, Michael E. "How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
7. Jewitt, D; A, Morbidelli; H, Rauer; K, Altwegg; W, Benz; N, Thomas (2008). Trans-Neptunian objects and comets : Saas-Fee Advanced Course 35. Swiss society for astrophysics and astronomy. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 86. ISBN 978-3-540-71957-1. OCLC 261225528.
8. Lykawka, Patryk Sofia; Mukai, Tadashi (July 2007). "Dynamical classification of trans-neptunian objects: Probing their origin, evolution, and interrelation". Icarus. 189 (1): 213–232. Bibcode:2007Icar..189..213L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.01.001.
9. ^ Sheppard, Scott S.; Trujillo, Chadwick; Tholen, David J. (July 2016). "Beyond the Kuiper Belt Edge: New High Perihelion Trans-Neptunian Objects with Moderate Semimajor Axes and Eccentricities". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 825 (1): 7. arXiv:1606.02294. Bibcode:2016ApJ...825L..13S. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/825/1/L13. S2CID 118630570. (Discovery paper)
10. Allen, R. L.; Gladman, B.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Petit, J.-M.; Parker, J. W.; Nicholson, P. (March 2006). "Discovery of a Low-Eccentricity, High-Inclination Kuiper Belt Object at 58 AU". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (1): L83 – L86. arXiv:astro-ph/0512430. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640L..83A. doi:10.1086/503098. S2CID 15588453. (Discovery paper)

External links

• (533560) 2014 JM80 at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
  • Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
• (533560) 2014 JM80 at the JPL Small-Body Database
  • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit viewer · Orbit parameters · Physical parameters

v t e Dwarf planets
List of possible dwarf planets Former dwarf planets Phoebe Triton Vesta Pallas Mesoplanet Planemo
Consensus	Ceres Geology Atmosphere Orcus Moon Pluto Geology Atmosphere Moons Haumea Moons Ring Makemake Moon Quaoar Moon Rings Eris Moon Gonggong Moon Sedna
Candidate	Asteroids Hygiea Interamnia Centaurs Chariklo Chiron Pholus 1999 OX3 2013 TC146 2014 NW65 Plutinos Huya Ixion 2001 QF298 2002 VR128 2002 XV93 2003 AZ84 2003 UZ413 2003 VS2 2007 JH43 2017 OF69 Twotinos 2002 WC19 Cubewanos Chaos Salacia Varda Varuna 1998 SN165 2002 AW197 2002 CY248 2002 KX14 2002 MS4 2002 UX25 2003 QW90 2004 GV9 2004 NT33 2004 PF115 2004 TY364 2004 UX10 2005 RN43 2005 UQ513 2010 FX86 Other KBOs 1999 CD158 1999 DE9 2000 YW134 2002 XW93 2010 JO179 2010 VK201 2011 FW62 2011 GM27 2013 FZ27 2014 UM33 2015 AM281 2015 RR245 Scattered disc objects Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà Dziewanna 1996 GQ21 1996 TL66 2001 UR163 2002 TC302 2004 XA192 2005 QU182 2005 RM43 2006 QH181 2008 OG19 2010 KZ39 2010 RE64 2010 RF43 2010 JO179 2010 TJ 2010 VZ98 2013 FY27 2014 AN55 2014 EZ51 2014 UZ224 2014 WK509 2015 KH162 2015 RR245 2017 FO161 2018 AG37 2018 VG18 2021 DR15 2021 LL37 Detached objects 2003 FY128 2003 QX113 2004 XR190 2005 TB190 2007 JJ43 2008 ST291 Sednoids 2012 VP113
Category

• Minor planet object articles (numbered)
• Scattered disc and detached objects
• Discoveries by Pan-STARRS
• Possible dwarf planets
• Astronomical objects discovered in 2010