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Abell 370
Abell 370 seen by the Hubble Space Telescope on 16 July 2009.
Observation data (Epoch J2000)
Constellation(s)	Cetus
Right ascension	02 39 50.5
Declination	−01° 35′ 08″
Richness class	0
Bautz–Morgan classification	II-III
Redshift	0.375
Distance	1.464 Gpc (4.775 Gly) h 0.705

Abell 370 is a galaxy cluster located nearly 5 billion light-years away from the Earth (at redshift z = 0.375), in the constellation Cetus. Its core is made up of several hundred galaxies. It was catalogued by George Abell, and is the most distant of the clusters he catalogued.

In the 1980s astronomers of Toulouse Observatory discovered a gravitational lens in space between Earth and Abell 370 using the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. A curious arc had been observed earlier near the cluster, but the astronomers were able to recognize it as this phenomenon.

Gravitational lensing

Abell 370 appears to include several arcs of light, including the largest ever discovered with 30" long. It was originally referred to as the Giant Arc, but later renamed to the Dragon Arc. These arcs or deformations are mirages caused by gravitational lensing of distant galaxies by the massive galaxy cluster located between the observer and the magnified galaxies. This cluster shows an apparent magnitude of +22.

In 2002, astronomers used this lensing effect to discover a galaxy, HCM-6A, 12.8 billion light years away from Earth. At the time it was the furthest known galaxy.

In 2009, and HST study in the field of Abell 370 revealed in greater detail the 30" long arc with the appearance of a dragon, and hence rebranded as The Dragon by NASA scientists. Its head is composed of a spiral galaxy, with another image of the spiral composing the tail. Several other images form the body of the dragon, all overlapping. These galaxies all lie approximately 5 billion light years away.

See also

• Abell 2218
• Abell catalogue
• List of Abell clusters

References

1. ^ "NED results for object ABELL 0370". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED). Retrieved March 15, 2012.
2. ^ Abell, George O.; Corwin, Harold G. Jr.; Olowin, Ronald P. (May 1989). "A catalog of rich clusters of galaxies" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 70 (May 1989): 1–138. Bibcode:1989ApJS...70....1A. doi:10.1086/191333. ISSN 0067-0049. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
3. ^ Starr, Michelle (13 September 2018). "Hubble Just Revealed Thousands of Hidden Galaxies in This Jaw-Dropping Photo - Hello, new desktop wallpaper". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
4. ^ Brunier, Serge (1999-10-28). Majestic Universe: Views from Here to Infinity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521663076.
5. Soucail, G.; Fort, B.; Mellier, Y.; Picat, J. P. (1987-01-01). "A blue ring-like structure in the center of the A 370 cluster of galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 172: L14 – L16. ISSN 0004-6361.
6. Bergmann, Anton G.; Petrosian, Vahe; Lynds, Roger (1990-02-01). "Gravitational Lens Models of Arcs in Clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 350: 23. doi:10.1086/168359. ISSN 0004-637X.
7. "Abell 370". HubbleSite. Retrieved 2024-07-18.
8. New York Times, "SCIENCE WATCH; Mirages in the Sky May Not Be So Rare" Tuesday, October 18, 1988
9. BBC News, "Far away stars light early cosmos" Thursday, 14 March 2002, 11:38 UTC
10. Astronomy Now, "Refurbished Hubble gets off to a flying start" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine 09-09-09 (accessed 2009-11-07)
11. New York Times, "The Universe, in High Definition" 09/09/09 (accessed 2009-11-07)
12. New Scientist, "Upgraded Hubble telescope spies cosmic 'dragon' " 09.09.09 (accessed 2009-11-07)
13. National Geographic, "NEW HUBBLE PICTURES: First Shots From Upgraded Orbiter" Saturday, November 7, 2009 (accessed 2009-11-07)
14. "The last of the Frontier Fields — Abell 370". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 6 May 2017.

• Gravitationally lensed images in Abell 370 Authors: Grossman, S. A. & Narayan, R. Bibcode:1989ApJ...344..637G
• Image of Abell 370 released bu STScI HST in May 2017 : A Lot of Galaxies Need Guarding in This NASA Hubble View

External links

• Abell 370 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
• A lot of galaxies need guarding in this NASA Hubble view

v t e Constellation of Cetus
List of stars in Cetus Cetus in Chinese astronomy
Stars	Bayer α (Menkar) β (Diphda) γ (Kaffaljidhma) δ ε ζ (Baten Kaitos) η θ ι κ κ λ μ ν ξ ξ ο (Mira) A B π ρ σ τ υ φ φ φ φ χ Flamsteed 1 2 3 6 7 9 13 14 20 46 49 56 (υ) 63 64 69 75 77 79 81 84 94 25 Ari Variable T UV YZ ZZ AY BL BW DK HR 10 72 159 228 500 672 870 HD 984 1690 2638 4747 5319 6718 7449 11506 11964 15115 16008 224693 (Axólotl) Other 2MASS J01225093−2439505 BD-07 436 BD−17 63 (Felixvarela) Cayrel's Star CFBDS J005910.90–011401.3 DENIS-P J020529.0−115925 GD 40 Gliese 65 Gliese 105 GJ 1002 GJ 1005 HIP 5158 HIP 11952 LHS 1140 NGC 156 NGC 158 NGC 302 NGC 308 NGC 310 PSR J0108−1431 SDSS J001820.5−093939.2 SDSS J0106−1000 ULAS J003402.77−005206.7 WD J2356−209 WASP-20 WASP-26 WASP-44 WASP-71 (Mpingo) WISE J0254+0223 WHL0137-LS
Exoplanets 79 Ceti b 81 Ceti b 94 Ceti b BD−17 63 b HD 1461 b HD 2638 b HD 5319 b HD 11506 b c HD 11964 b c HD 224693 b HIP 5158 b c HIP 11915 b τ Ceti e f
Nebulae NGC 246
Galaxies	Messier 77 NGC 17 35 45 47 50 54 59 61 62 64 65 66 73 77 102 107 113 114 116 117 118 120 124 132 135 142 143 144 145 151 154 155 157 161 163 165 166 167 168 170 171 172 173 177 178 179 187 191 192 195 196 197 201 207 209 210 216 217 219 223 227 230 232 235 237 239 244 245 247 255 259 263 268 270 271 273 274 275 276 277 279 283 284 285 286 291 293 297 298 301 303 307 309 320 321 325 327 329 331 333 335 336 337 340 341 342 343 344 345 347 349 350 351 352 353 355 356 357 359 363 364 367 369 377 391 413 417 426 428 429 430 435 442 445 448 450 478 480 481 487 493 497 519 521 533 540 541 545 547 554 555 560 570 584 585 596 615 622 655 681 682 690 701 720 747 755 779 800 806 833 838 864 874 880 895 908 936 945 950 960 965 966 985 988 1009 1015 1019 1022 1032 1042 1052 1055 1073 1087 1090 1128 1142 1153 1218 7808 7828 7829 Other Arp 146 Arp 147 Arp 256 3C 75 Cetus Dwarf HCM-6A HD2 Holmberg 15A HXMM01 IC 1613 IC 1623 IRAS 01003-2238 Markarian 1014 Markarian 1018 MCG -03-04-014 PGC 2456 SDSS J0303-0019 SXDF-NB1006-2 9Spitch TON S180 UGC 711 UGC 1775 Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte
Galaxy clusters Abell 133 Abell 222 Abell 223 Abell 370 Abell 400 Arp 251 Gioiello IRC 0218 JKCS 041
Astronomical events SN 2005E SN 2005gj
Category

• Galaxy clusters
• Abell objects
• Abell richness class 0
• Cetus