List of threatened rivers in the United States
The Colorado River has been named America's Most Endangered River seven times.
America's Most Endangered Rivers is a list of threatened rivers in the United States compiled by the nonprofit group American Rivers . First published in 1984, the annual list spotlights ten threatened rivers –rivers that are facing environmental degradation due to existing or proposed development projects. The list is intended to build public awareness and spur action toward addressing specific environmental issues.
Most-listed rivers
A number of rivers have been listed on America's Most Endangered Rivers multiple times, either in whole or in part. This list includes items that have appeared three or more times.
Lists
2024 rivers
On April 16, 2024, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2023.
2023 rivers
On April 18, 2023, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2023.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Grand Canyon of the Colorado River
AZ
Climate change, mismanagement
2
Ohio River
PA , OH , WV , KY , IN , IL
Pollution, climate change
3
Pearl River
MS
Dredging, dams
4
Snake River
ID , OR , WA
Dams
5
Clark Fork River
MT
Pollution
6
Eel River
CA
Dams
7
Lehigh River
PA
Development
8
Chilkat and Klehini Rivers
AK
Mining
9
Rio Gallinas
NM
Climate change, mismanagement
10
Okefenokee Swamp
GA , FL
Mining
2022 rivers
On April 19, 2022, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2022.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Colorado River
CO , UT , AZ , NV , CA , WY , NM
Climate change, mismanagement
2
Snake River
ID , OR , WA
Dams
3
Mobile River
AL
Pollution
4
Maine's Atlantic salmon rivers
ME
Dams
5
Coosa River
TN , GA , AL
Pollution
6
Mississippi River
MN , WI , IL , IA , MO , KY , TN , AR , MS , LA
Pollution, habitat loss
7
Lower Kern River
CA
Over-withdrawal
8
San Pedro River
AZ
Over-withdrawal
9
Los Angeles River
CA
Development, pollution
10
Tar Creek
OK
Pollution
2021 rivers
The Ice Harbor Dam is one of four dams on the Lower Snake River causing it to top the 2021 list.
On April 13, 2021, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2021.
2020 rivers
On April 14, 2020, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2020.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Upper Mississippi River
MN , WI , IL , IA
Climate change, mismanagement
2
Lower Missouri River
MO , IA , NE , KS
Climate change, mismanagement
3
Big Sunflower River
MS
Habitat loss
4
Puyallup River
WA
Dams
5
South Fork Salmon River
ID
Mining
6
Menominee River
MI , WI
Mining
7
Rapid Creek
SD
Mining
8
Okefenokee Swamp and St. Marys River
GA , FL
Mining
9
Ocklawaha River
FL
Dams
10
Lower Youghiogheny River
PA
Natural gas
2019 rivers
On April 16, 2019, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2019.
2018 rivers
On April 11, 2018, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2018.
2017 rivers
On April 11, 2017, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2017.
2016 rivers
In April 2016, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2016.
2015 rivers
On April 7, 2015, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2015.
2014 rivers
Friant Dam diverting much of the San Joaquin River into irrigation canals. Water mismanagement led to the San Joaquin topping the 2014 list.
On April 9, 2014, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2014.
2013 rivers
In April 2013, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2013.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Colorado River
CO , UT , AZ , NV , CA , WY , NM
Mismanagement
2
Flint River
GA
Mismanagement
3
San Saba River
TX
Mismanagement
4
Little Plover River
WI
Mismanagement
5
Catawba River
NC , SC
Coal ash pollution
6
Boundary Waters
MN
Mining
7
Black Warrior River
AL
Mining
8
Rough & Ready and Baldface Creeks
OR
Mining
9
Kootenai River
MT , ID
Mining
10
Niobrara River
NE , SD , WY
Sedimentation
2012 rivers
In May 2012, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2012.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Potomac River
MD , VA , PA , WV , DC
Pollution
2
Green River
WY , UT , CO
Pumping project
3
Chattahoochee River
GA
Dams
4
Missouri River
CO , IA , KS , MN , MO , MT , NE , ND , SD , WY
Mismanagement
5
Hoback River
WY
Natural gas
6
Grand River
OH
Natural gas
7
South Fork Skykomish River
WA
Dams
8
Crystal River
CO
Dams
9
Coal River
WV
Mining
10
Kansas River
KS
Dredging
2011 rivers
In May 2011, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2011.
2010 rivers
On June 2, 2010, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2010.
2009 rivers
On April 7, 2009, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2009.
2008 rivers
In May 2008, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2008.
2007 rivers
In April 2007, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2007.
2006 rivers
In April 2006, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2006.
2005 rivers
In April 2005, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2005.
2004 rivers
In April 2004, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2004.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Colorado River
CO , UT , NV , AZ , CA
Pollution
2
Big Sunflower River
MS
Proposed drainage and dredging project
3
Snake River
WY , ID , OR , WA
Dams
4
Tennessee River
TN , AL , MS , KY
Sewage pollution
5
Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers
PA , WV , NY
Coal mine pollution
6
Spokane River
ID , WA
Over-withdrawal, pollution
7
Housatonic River
MA , CT
Polychlorinated biphenyl pollution
8
Peace River
FL
Phosphate mine pollution
9
Big Darby Creek
OH
Overdevelopment
10
Mississippi River
MN , WI , IL , IA , MO , KY , TN , AR , MS , LA
Dams, levees, pollution
2003 rivers
In April 2003, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2003.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Big Sunflower River
MS
Proposed drainage and dredging project
2
Klamath River
CA , OR
Irrigation withdrawals, dams, pollution
3
Ipswich River
MA
Groundwater pumping, over-withdrawal
4
Gunnison River
CO
Over-withdrawal
5
Rio Grande
CO , NM , TX
Diversion and over-withdrawal
6
Mattaponi River
VA
Proposed dam
7
Platte River
WY , CO , NE
Proposed water supply development
8
Snake River
ID , OR , WA
Dams
9
Tallapoosa River
AL , GA
Dams, overallocation
10
Trinity River
TX
Proposed flood control project, floodplain development
2002 rivers
On April 4, 2002, American Rivers announced its eleven most endangered rivers of 2002.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Missouri River
MT , ND , SD , MO , IA , NE , KS
Habitat loss from unnatural dam operations
2
Big Sunflower River
MS
Proposed drainage and dredging project
3
Klamath River
CA , OR
Irrigation withdrawals, dams, pollution
4
Kansas River
KS
Agricultural pollution
5
White River
AR
Irrigation project, proposed navigation project
6
Powder River
WY
Coal bed methane pollution
7
Altamaha River
GA
Over-withdrawal
8
Allagash Wilderness Waterway
ME
Proposed loss of legal protections
9
Canning River
AK
Proposed petroleum development
10
Guadalupe River
TX
Proposed over-withdrawal
11
Apalachicola River
FL
Dredging
2001 rivers
On April 11, 2001, American Rivers announced its thirteen most endangered rivers of 2001.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Missouri River
MT , ND , SD , MO , IA , NE , KS
Habitat loss from unnatural dam operations
2
Canning River
AK
Proposed petroleum development
3
Eel River
CA
Dams
4
Hudson River
NY
Polychlorinated biphenyl pollution
5
Powder River
WY
Coal bed methane pollution
6
Mississippi River
MN , WI , IL , IA , MO , KY , TN , AR , MS , LA
Proposed flood control project, wetlands destruction, pollution
7
Big Sandy River
WV , KY
Coal sludge spill
8
Snoqualmie River
WA
Overdevelopment
9
Animas River
CO , NM
Proposed water project
10
East Fork Lewis River
WA
Proposed gravel mine expansion
11
Paine Run
VA
Acid rain pollution
12
Hackensack River and Meadowlands
NJ , NY
Overdevelopment
13
Catawba River
NC , SC
Overdevelopment
2000 rivers
On April 10, 2000, American Rivers announced its thirteen most endangered rivers of 2000.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Snake River
ID , OR , WA
Dams
2
Missouri River
MT , ND , SD , MO , IA , NE , KS
Flood control works
3
Ventura River
CA
Matilija Dam
4
Copper River
AK
Proposed logging road
5
Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint and Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa River Basins
AL , FL , GA
Tri-state water dispute , over-withdrawal, dams, urban sprawl, pollution
6
Coal River
WV
Mining
7
Rio Grande
CO , NM , TX
Pollution, dams, water demand
8
Snoqualmie River
WA
Overdevelopment
9
Mississippi and White Rivers
AR
Dredging proposal
10
Clear Creek
TX
Proposed flood control project
11
Green River
UT , CO
Flaming Gorge Dam
12
Presumpscot River
ME
Dams impeding American shad and Atlantic salmon migration
13
Clark Fork River
MT
Proposed silver and copper mine
1999 rivers
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Lower Snake River
ID , OR , WA
Dams
2
Missouri River
MT , ND , SD , MO , IA , NE , KS
Flood control works
3
Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa River Basin
AL , GA
Overdevelopment over-withdrawal, pollution
4
San Pedro River
AZ
Overdevelopment, groundwater pumping
5
Yellowstone River
MT , ND
Channelization
6
Cedar River
WA
Overdevelopment, over-withdrawal
7
Fox River
IL , WI
Overdevelopment, pollution
8
Carmel River
CA
Overdevelopment, over-withdrawal, dams
9
Coal River
WV
Mining
10
Bear River
UT
Overdevelopment, over-withdrawal
1998 rivers
On April 6, 1998, American Rivers announced its twenty most endangered rivers of 1998.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Hanford Reach of the Columbia River
WA
Public land transfer, irrigation, nuclear waste
2
Missouri River
MT , ND , SD , MO , IA , NE , KS
Channelization, dams
3
Pocomoke River
DE , MD , VA
Agricultural pollution
4
Kern River
CA
Dams
5
Blackfoot River
MT
Proposed gold mine
6
Colorado River Delta
BCN , SON
Over-allocation
7
Chattahoochee River
AL , GA , FL
Overdevelopment, pollution
8
Lower Snake River
ID , OR , WA
Dams
9
Apple River
WI , IL
Factory hog farm pollution
10
Pinto Creek
AZ
Proposed copper mine
11
Wolf River
WI
Proposed mine
12
Potomac River
MD , VA , PA , WV , DC
Livestock pollution, overdevelopment
13
Rogue and Illinois Rivers , Elk and Rough & Ready Creeks
OR
Dams, proposed mine
14
Taku River
AK
Proposed mine
15
Crooked Creek
AR
In-stream gravel mining
16
Passaic River
NJ
Contaminated sediments
17
Mattaponi River
VA
Proposed water development project
18
Walla Walla River
OR , WA
Flow depletion, agricultural pollution, channelization
19
Uinta River
UT
Proposed diversion dam
20
Kansas River
KS
Pollution
1997 rivers
On April 16, 1997, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 1997.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Missouri River
IA , KS , MN , MO , MT , NE , ND , SD
Navigation
2
Upper Hudson River
NY
Polychlorinated biphenyl pollution
3
White Salmon River
GA , AL , FL
Condit Dam
4
San Joaquin River
CA
Floodplain development, agricultural pollution
5
Wolf River
WI
Proposed mine
6
Pinto Creek
AZ
Proposed copper mine
7
Potomac River
MD , VA , PA , WV , DC
Livestock pollution, development
8
Mill Creek
OH
Industrialization, development, channelization
9
Lower Colorado River
AZ , NV , CA
Over-allocation
10
Tennessee River
TN , AL , MS , KY
Proposed elimination of the TVA's environmental protection programs
1996 rivers
Rendering of the Auburn Dam proposed on the American River . The dam was ultimately never built.
On April 17, 1996, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 1996.
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Clarks Fork Yellowstone River
WY , MT
Proposed New World Mine
2
American River
CA
Proposed Auburn Dam
3
Upper Chattahoochee and Etowah Rivers
GA , AL , FL
Sewage, development, sedimentation
4
Missouri River
CO , IA , KS , MN , MO , MT , NE , ND , SD , WY
Dams, pollution
5
Upper Hudson River
NY
Pollution, development, dams
6
Columbia , John Day , and White Salmon Rivers
ID , WA , OR
Grazing, irrigation diversions, logging, dams
7
Elk River
OR
Timber sales
8
Pinto Creek
AZ
Mining
9
Penobscot River
ME
Basin Mills Dam
10
Animas River
CO , NM
Water development project
1995 rivers
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Clarks Fork Yellowstone River
WY , MT
Mine
2
Los Angeles River
CA
Flood control, neglect
3
Columbia and Snake Rivers
ID , WA , OR
Dams, irrigation
4
Animas River
CO
Water development project
5
Missouri River
CO , IA , KS , MN , MO , MT , NE , ND , SD , WY
Dams, channelization
6
Kansas River
KS
Agricultural runoff, sand dredging
7
Mississippi River
MN , WI , IL , IA , MO , KY , TN , AR , MS , LA
Flood control, runoff
8
Cheat River
WV
Acid mine drainage, proposed dam
9
Penobscot River
ME
Dams
10
Thorne River
AK
Logging
1994 rivers
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Clarks Fork Yellowstone River
WY , MT
Mine
2
Anacostia River
DC , MD
Urban runoff
3
Clavey River
CA
Dams
4
Columbia and Snake Rivers
ID , WA , OR
Dams, logging
5
Mississippi River
MN , WI , IL , IA , MO , KY , TN , AR , MS , LA
Flood control, runoff
6
Missouri River
CO , IA , KS , MN , MO , MT , NE , ND , SD , WY
Dams, channelization
7
Penobscot River
ME
Proposed dam
8
Rio Grande
CO , NM , TX
Pollution, mine waste
9
Thorne River
AK
Logging
10
Virgin River
UT , AZ , NV
Diversions, development
1993 rivers
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Rio Grande and Rio Conchos
CO , NM , TX
Pollution
2
Columbia , Snake , and Yakima Rivers
ID , WA , OR
Dams
3
Everglades
FL
Diversion, agricultural pollution
4
Anacostia River
DC , MD
Sewage, development, sedimentation, dumping
5
Virgin River
UT , AZ , NV
Dams
6
Rogue and Illinois
OR
Logging
7
Penobscot River
ME
Proposed dam
8
Clavey River
CA
Hydroelectric project
9
Alsek and Tatshenshini Rivers
AK
Proposed mine
10
Platte River
NE
Dam
1992 rivers
Rank
River
State(s)
Threats
1
Columbia and Snake Rivers
ID , WA , OR
Dams
2
Alsek and Tatshenshini Rivers
AK
Proposed mine
3
Great Whale River
QC
Hydroelectric project
4
Everglades
FL
Flood control project
5
American River
CA
Proposed dam
6
Colorado River
AZ
Glen Canyon Dam
7
Mississippi River
MN , WI , IL , IA , MO , KY , TN , AR , MS , LA
Hydroelectric, barge spills, agriculture, industrial discharge
8
Penobscot River
ME
Proposed dam
9
Beaverkill River and Willowemoc Creek
NY
Logging, development
10
Blackfoot River
MT
Logging, grazing, agriculture, mining
1991 rivers
1990 rivers
1989 rivers
1988 rivers
1987 rivers
American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 1987 via press release, with no accompanying report. All ten rivers faced dam proposals. The rivers were not ranked.
1986 rivers
American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 1986 via press release, with no accompanying report. The rivers were not ranked.
References
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