Apley grind test - Misplaced Pages

The Apley grind test or Apley test is used to evaluate individuals for problems in the meniscus of the knee. The Apley grind test has a reported sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 87%.

Description

In order to perform the test, the patient lies prone (face-down) on an examination table and flexes their knee to a ninety degree angle. The examiner then places his or her own knee across the posterior aspect of the patient's thigh. The tibia is then compressed onto the knee joint while being externally rotated. If this maneuver produces pain, this constitutes a "positive Apley test" and damage to the meniscus is likely. Lateral rotation tests for medial implications (meniscal during compression and ligamentous when distracting the tibia) and medial rotation tests for lateral implications again (meniscal during compression and ligamentous when distracting the tibia). Greater than 90 degrees of knee flexion will impinge more of the posterior horn, 90 degrees of knee flexion the medial meniscus and the closer to knee extension the further the anterior horn is being tested (< 90 degrees of knee flexion).

History and etymology

The Apley test is named for Alan Graham Apley (1914–1996), a British orthopedic surgeon.

References

Solomon, D. H.; Simel, D. L.; Bates, D. W.; Katz, J. N.; Schaffer, J. L. (2001). "The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have a torn meniscus or ligament of the knee? Value of the physical examination". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 286 (13): 1610–1620. doi:10.1001/jama.286.13.1610. PMID 11585485.
Eltorai, Adam E.; Eberson, Craig P.; Daniels, Alan H. (2017). Orthopedic Surgery Clerkship: A Quick Reference Guide for Senior Medical Students. Springer. p. 307. ISBN 9783319525679.
Apley AG. The diagnosis of meniscus injuries. J Bone Joint Surg 1947; 29:78-84

Procedures involving bones and joints

Orthopedic surgery

Bones

Face	Jaw reduction Orthognathic surgery Chin augmentation
Spine	Coccygectomy Laminotomy Laminectomy Laminoplasty Corpectomy Facetectomy Foraminotomy Vertebral fixation Vertebral augmentation
Arm	Acromioplasty
Leg	Femoral head ostectomy Astragalectomy Distraction osteogenesis Ilizarov apparatus Phemister graft
General	Ostectomy Bone grafting Osteotomy Epiphysiodesis Reduction Internal fixation External fixation Tension band wiring

Cartilage

Joints

Spine	Arthrodesis Spinal fusion Intervertebral discs Discectomy Annuloplasty Arthroplasty
Arm	Shoulder surgery Shoulder replacement Bankart repair Weaver–Dunn procedure Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction Hand surgery Brunelli procedure Finger joint replacement
Leg	Hip resurfacing Hip replacement Rotationplasty Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Knee replacement/Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Ankle fusion Ankle replacement Broström procedure Triple arthrodesis
General	Arthrotomy Arthroplasty Synovectomy Arthroscopy Joint replacement imaging: Arthrogram Arthrocentesis Arthroscopic lavage

Musculoskeletal examination

Leg

Hip examination	Barlow maneuver Galeazzi test Allis test Ober's test Ortolani test Patrick's test Thomas test Trendelenburg's sign
Knee examination	Ballottement Clarke's test Drawer test Lachman test Meniscus Apley grind test McMurray test Ligament and meniscus Unhappy triad Patellar tap Pivot-shift test Valgus stress test
Foot and ankle	Hubscher's maneuver Mulder's sign Thompson test
General	Gait abnormality Lasègue's sign Trendelenburg gait Gower's sign Straight leg raise Unequal leg length

Arm

Shoulder examination	Apprehension test Jobe's test Neer impingement test Yergason's test Rotator cuff Hawkins–Kennedy test Watson's test
Elbow examination	Cozen's test Elbow extension test
Hand and wrist	Durkan's test Finkelstein's test Froment's sign Lunotriquetral shear test Phalen maneuver Tinel sign Watson's test
General	Bethlem sign

Spine

Gaenslen's test
Low back pain
Lower back flexibility
- Schober's test
- Waddell's signs
Sacroiliitis
- Larrey's sign

Other

Category:

Examination of the knee