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Calycanthaceae Temporal range: Turonian - recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Aptian record | |
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Calycanthus floridus | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Magnoliids |
Order: | Laurales |
Family: | Calycanthaceae Lindl. |
Genera | |
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The Calycanthaceae (sweetshrubs or spicebushes) are a small family of flowering plants in the order Laurales. The family contains three genera and only 10 known species , restricted to warm temperate and tropical regions:
Calycanthaceae |
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They are aromatic, deciduous shrubs growing to 2–4 m tall, except for Idiospermum, which is a large evergreen tree. The flowers are white to red, with spirally arranged tepals. DNA-based phylogenies indicate the Northern Hemisphere Calycanthus and Chimonanthus diverged from each other in the mid-Miocene, while the Australian Idiospermum had already diverged by the Upper Cretaceous and likely represents a remnant of a former Gondwanan distribution of Calycanthaceae.
The oldest definitive fossil of the family is Jerseyanthus from the Turonian of New Jersey; the even earlier Araripia from the Aptian of Brazil and Virginianthus from the Albian of Virginia may also represent members of the family, but may also be stem-Calycanthaceae or more basal Laurales. In 2024, Araripia was placed in its own order, Araripiaceae.
In the APG IV system of 2016, Calycanthaceae is placed in the Laurales order in the magnoliids clade.
References
- ^ "Laurales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.
- Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
- Pessoa, Edlley M.; Ribeiro, Alexandre C.; Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. (2024). "New evidence on the previously unknown gynoecium of Araripia florifera (Araripiaceae, fam. nov.), a magnoliid angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of the Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte (Araripe Basin), northeastern Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 153: 105715. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105715. ISSN 0195-6671.
- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. ISSN 0024-4074.
External links
- Calycanthaceae in L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.
- Flora of North America: Calycanthaceae
- Flora of China Draft text of Calycanthaceae
- "Molecular phylogeny and intra- and intercontinental biogeography of Calycanthaceae"
Taxon identifiers | |
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Calycanthaceae |
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