Since 1870, there have been several formal attempts to restrict the copper output and raise, in this form, its price.
This is a list of copper cartels in the 20th century:
- Copper Export Association, CEA, 1918–1923
- Copper Exporters, Inc., CEI, 1926–1932
- International Copper Cartel, ICC, 1935–1939 (created by the World Copper Agreement)
- Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries, CIPEC, 1967–1988
Further reading
 | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
- Herfindahl, O. (1959) Copper costs and prices: 1870–1957, RFF, Baltimore.