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This family tree is based on a combination of Tarn's and Narain's genealogies of the Greco-Bactrian kings, which are not necessarily fully correct, as with all ancient family trees. Additionally, according to Tarn and Narain, the Eucratid dynasty is descended from Laodice, sister of Antiochus the Great and daughter of Seleukos II, whose sister married Diodotus I. Additionally, Demetrius the Unconquered married a daughter of Antiochus III the Great and had issue, which is shown here below. Thus, most of the Greco-Bactrian kings are related to each other through the Seleukid Dynasty, and thus, are related to the Diadochi and Alexander the Great. Perhaps Menander, an Indo-Greek king, married a daughter of Eucratides the Great, meaning the Indo-Greek kings are related as well. This tree covers all the Greek rulers of Bactria and India, from 255 B.C. to A.D. 10. This article also covers the family trees of the rulers of the post-Greco-Bactrian state of Dayuan and Oxyartes's family tree and his relationship to the Greco-Bactrian kings. To find more information on the various dynasties, see these articles: Greco-Bactria, Indo-Greeks, Diodotids, Euthydemids, Eucratids, Menanderids, Indo-Scythians, the Dayuan, and the Yavana people.

To the right is Narain's version of the genealogy of these kings. Below are family trees of the Euthydemid, Eucratid, and Menanderid dynasties. The Greek connection to the Qin emperors of China is shown below, and with this connection, the ancient kings of Persia, Greece, and China, oddly enough, are all related.

Other family trees

See also

• Timeline of Indo-Greek kingdoms
• Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
• Indo-Greek Kingdom
• Greco-Buddhism
• William Woodthorpe Tarn
• A. K. Narain

References

1. ^ Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1966). The Greeks in Bactria and India (2 ed.). New York, U.S.: Cambridge University Press. p. 568. ISBN 9781108009416. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
2. ^ Narain, A.K. (1957). The Indo-Greeks: Revisited and Supplemented (4 ed.). Delhi, India: B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 305. ISBN 9788176463492. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
3. ^ Narain, A. K. (1970). Astin, Alan E. (ed.). The Cambridge ancient history. 8: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 B.C. (2. ed.,  ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-521-23448-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
4. Christopoulos, Lucas (September 2022). "SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS: Dionysian Rituals and the Golden Zeus of China" (pdf). Sino-Platonic Papers. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.: University of Pennsylvania. pp. 84–86. Retrieved 4 January 2025. The most surprising discovery I made in my research is that the "Hu" (胡) son of Qinshi Huangdi, Hu Hai (胡亥 229–207 BC), most likely was the son of a princess offered by the Greco-Bactrians during that alliance (epigamia). The name of Hu Hai's mother was "the Hu Princess" (Hu Ji 胡姬), and information about her is surprisingly sparse in the Chinese historical records. Normally, when Hu Hai came to the throne, his mother would have received the posthumous title (fenghao 封号) of "empress dowager" (Huang Taihou 皇太后), and women in that position were usually very active in politics. But she did not, and shows no such activity. This is strange to the point of being abnormal in the ruling class of the Qin. The reason is probably that she was a princess of the Euthydemid family, and, in the eyes of the Qin aristocracy, a "Hu," or a "foreigner." That is why she was not completely included in the royal dynastic system. The "Hu Princess" bore Hu Hai in 229 BC. Euthydemos must had made an alliance with the "king of Qin," who
5. Christopoulos, Lucas (September 2022). "SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS: Dionysian Rituals and the Golden Zeus of China" (pdf). Sino-Platonic Papers. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.: University of Pennsylvania. pp. 84–86. Retrieved 4 January 2025. The most surprising discovery I made in my research is that the "Hu" (胡) son of Qinshi Huangdi, Hu Hai (胡亥 229–207 BC), most likely was the son of a princess offered by the Greco-Bactrians during that alliance (epigamia). The name of Hu Hai's mother was "the Hu Princess" (Hu Ji 胡姬), and information about her is surprisingly sparse in the Chinese historical records. Normally, when Hu Hai came to the throne, his mother would have received the posthumous title (fenghao 封号) of "empress dowager" (Huang Taihou 皇太后), and women in that position were usually very active in politics. But she did not, and shows no such activity. This is strange to the point of being abnormal in the ruling class of the Qin. The reason is probably that she was a princess of the Euthydemid family, and, in the eyes of the Qin aristocracy, a "Hu," or a "foreigner." That is why she was not completely included in the royal dynastic system. The "Hu Princess" bore Hu Hai in 229 BC. Euthydemos must had made an alliance with the "king of Qin," who was about thirty at that period, in 230 BC.
6. Senior, R.C. (2001). Indo-Scythian Coins and History: Volume IV - Supplement, Additional Coins and Hoards; the Sequences of Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian Kings. Lancaster, PA: Classical Numismatic Group Inc. p. xxxvi. ISBN 0970926863. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
7. Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1966). The Greeks in Bactria and India (2 ed.). New York, U.S.: Cambridge University Press. pp. 96, 101, 211, 449, 484. ISBN 9781108009416. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
8. Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1966). The Greeks in Bactria and India (2 ed.). New York, U.S.: Cambridge University Press. p. 449. ISBN 9781108009416. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
9. Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1966). The Greeks in Bactria and India (2 ed.). New York, U.S.: Cambridge University Press. pp. 100–101. ISBN 9781108009416. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
10. Qian, Sima; Watson, Burton (1961). Records of the Grand Historian of China, Translated from the Shih Chi of Sima Qian, Volume II. New York, U.S.: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-08167-7. Retrieved 1 January 2025.

Sources

• Narain, A.K. (1957). The Indo-Greeks: Revisited and Supplemented (4 ed.). Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 305. ISBN 9788176463492. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
• Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1966). The Greeks in Bactria and India (2 ed.). New York, U.S.: Cambridge University Press. p. 568. ISBN 9781108009416. Retrieved 30 December 2024.

• Greco-Bactrian kings
• Indo-Greek kings