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Descriptionآرامگاه اردشیر سوم در نمای کلی.jpg |
فارسی: تخت جمشید
تخت جمشید تخت جمشید یا پارسه (به پارسی باستان: Pārsa) (یا پرسپولیس، پرسهپلیس، هزارستون، صدستون (به پهلوی:, sadstūn) یا چهلمنار) نام یکی از شهرهای باستانی ایران است که طی سالیان، پیوسته پایتخت باشکوه و تشریفاتی پادشاهی ایران در زمان امپراتوری هخامنشیان بودهاست. در این شهر باستانی کاخی به نام تخت جمشید وجود دارد که در دوران زمامداری داریوش بزرگ، خشایارشا و اردشیر اول بنا شدهاست و به مدت حدود ۲۰۰ سال آباد بودهاست. در نخستین روز سال نو گروههای زیادی از کشورهای گوناگون به نمایندگی از ساتراپیها یا استانداریها با پیشکشهایی متنوع در تخت جمشید جمع میشدند و هدایای خود را به شاه پیشکش میکردند. در سال ۵۱۸ پیش از میلاد بنای تخت جمشید به عنوان پایتخت جدید هخامنشیان در پارسه آغاز گردید. بنیانگذار تخت جمشید داریوش بزرگ بود، البته پس از او پسرش خشایارشا و نوهاش اردشیر یکم با افزودن بناهای دیگر، این مجموعه را گسترش دادند. بسیاری از آگاهیهای موجود که در مورد پیشینهٔ هخامنشیان و فرهنگ آنها در دسترس است به خاطر سنگنبشتهها و گل نوشتههایی است که در این کاخها و بر روی دیوارهها و لوحهها آن حکاکی شدهاست. سامنر برآورد کردهاست که دشت تخت جمشید که شامل ۳۹ قرارگاه مسکونی بوده، در دورهٔ هخامنشیان ۴۳٬۶۰۰ نفر جمعیت داشتهاست. باور تاریخدانان بر این است که اسکندر مقدونی سردار یونانی در ۳۳۰ پیش از میلاد، به ایران حمله کرد و تخت جمشید را به آتش کشید. و احتمالاً بخش عظیمی از کتابها، فرهنگ و هنر هخامنشی را با این کار نابود نمود. بااینحال ویرانههای این مکان هنوز هم برپا است و باستانشناسان از ویرانههای آن نشانههای آتش و هجوم را بر آن تأیید میکنند. این مکان تاریخی از سال ۱۹۷۹ یکی از آثار ثبت شدهٔ ایران در میراث جهانی یونسکو است.
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Date | |||
Source | Own work | ||
Author | Yare zaman2000 |
Licensing
I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
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This image was uploaded as part of Wiki Loves Monuments 2019.
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 19:08, 7 October 2019 | 5,654 × 4,006 (14.45 MB) | Yare zaman2000 | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
---|---|
Camera model | NIKON D7100 |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/6.3 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:45, 23 September 2016 |
Lens focal length | 18 mm |
Width | 5,676 px |
Height | 4,000 px |
Bits per component |
|
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CC (Windows) |
File change date and time | 03:03, 8 August 2018 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:45, 23 September 2016 |
Shutter speed | 8.965784 |
APEX aperture | 5.310704 |
Exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.6 APEX (f/3.48) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 90 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 90 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 90 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Focal plane X resolution | 2,558.641204834 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 2,558.641204834 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 3 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 27 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 6224013 |
Lens used | 18.0-140.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 07:33, 8 August 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | ADB4B6C92E49C6CD3CCF1CC8DB4B3816 |
IIM version | 7,737 |