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Helochares

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Genus of beetles

Helochares
Helochares lividus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: Polyphaga
Infraorder: Staphyliniformia
Family: Hydrophilidae
Subfamily: Hydrophilinae
Tribe: Hydrophilini
Genus: Helochares
Mulsant, 1844
Diversity
158 species + 3 subspecies
Synonyms
  • Helophilus Mulsant, 1844
  • Pylophilus Motschulsky, 1845
  • Hydrobaticus MacLeay, 1871
  • Helocharimorphus Kuwert, 1890
  • Graphelochares Kuwert, 1890
  • Grapidelochares Ganglbauer, 1904

Helochares is a genus of water scavenger beetles in the family Hydrophilidae, represented by 161 described species. It is distributed across the Afrotropical, Australasian, Indo-Malayan, Nearctic, and Palearctic realms.

Description

As currently defined, Helochares contains small to medium-sized beetles (2–7 mm), which are yellowish to brown in coloration. There is a lot of variation in the impression of the elytral punctation, and the aedeagal forms are also highly variable (see Figure 37 in Girón and Short 2021). A detailed diagnosis can be found in Girón and Short 2021. Females carry their eggs in a cocoon anchored to the hind femora and held under the abdomen as in several other Hydrophilidae.

Taxonomy

Helochares is one of the largest and most taxonomically problematic genera within the Acidocerinae. It was originally described by Étienne Mulsant in 1844.

For a long time Helochares contained five subgenera: Batochares (currently recognized as a separate genus ), Helochares, Helocharimorphus (now synonymized under Helochares ), Hydrobaticus (now synonymized under Helochares ), and Sindolus (currently recognized as a separate genus ).

Several taxa that used to be recognized as typical Helochares are now assigned to newly created genera (e.g., Colossochares, Novochares) or re-assigned to exinsting genera (i.e., Peltochares), based on a phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data.

Species

  1. Helochares aeacus Balfour-Browne, 1952
  2. Helochares aethiopicus d'Orchymont, 1939
  3. Helochares alberti d'Orchymont, 1943
  4. Helochares alcimus d'Orchymont, 1943
  5. Helochares alcinous Balfour-Browne, 1948
  6. Helochares altus d'Orchymont, 1943
  7. Helochares anchoralis Sharp, 1890
  8. Helochares ancoroides Hebauer, 2001
  9. Helochares anchoralis expansus Knisch, 1921
  10. Helochares andreinii d'Orchymont, 1939
  11. Helochares androgynus Hebauer, 1996
  12. Helochares anthonyae Watts, 1995
  13. Helochares balfourbrownei Hansen, 1999
  14. Helochares basilewskyi Balfour-Browne, 1957
  15. Helochares bilardoi Hebauer, 2009
  16. Helochares blaesus d'Orchymont, 1936
  17. Helochares bohemani d'Orchymont, 1936
  18. Helochares camerunensis d'Orchymont, 1939
  19. Helochares cancellatus Hebauer, 1998
  20. Helochares championi Sharp, 1882
  21. Helochares chappuisi Balfour-Browne, 1952
  22. Helochares clypeatus (Blackburn, 1891)
  23. Helochares collarti d'Orchymont, 1939
  24. Helochares compactus Hebauer, 2001
  25. Helochares conformis Hebauer, 1995
  26. Helochares congoensis d'Orchymont, 1939
  27. Helochares congruens d'Orchymont, 1939
  28. Helochares conjectus d'Orchymont, 1939
  29. Helochares crenatostriatus Régimbart, 1903
  30. Helochares crenatuloides d'Orchymont, 1943
  31. Helochares crenatus Régimbart, 1903
  32. Helochares crepitus Balfour-Browne, 1950
  33. Helochares cresphontes d'Orchymont, 1939
  34. Helochares crespulus d'Orchymont, 1939
  35. Helochares crispus d'Orchymont, 1939
  36. Helochares dalhuntyi Watts, 1995
  37. Helochares densepunctus Régimbart, 1907
  38. Helochares densus Sharp, 1890
  39. Helochares dentalus d'Orchymont, 1943
  40. Helochares denudatus d'Orchymont, 1943
  41. Helochares depactus d'Orchymont, 1939
  42. Helochares diductus d'Orchymont, 1939
  43. Helochares didymoides Balfour-Browne, 1947
  44. Helochares didymus d'Orchymont, 1939
  45. Helochares difficilis d'Orchymont, 1939
  46. Helochares dilutus (Erichson, 1843)
  47. Helochares dilutus consputus Boheman, 1851
  48. Helochares dimorphus d'Orchymont, 1939
  49. Helochares distinctus Jia & Tang, 2021
  50. Helochares dollmani Balfour-Browne, 1950
  51. Helochares dolus d'Orchymont, 1939
  52. Helochares egregius Balfour-Browne, 1952
  53. Helochares endroedyi Hebauer, 1996
  54. Helochares fratris Hebauer, 2003
  55. Helochares fulgurans Hebauer, 1995
  56. Helochares fuliginosus d'Orchymont, 1932
  57. Helochares goticus Hebauer, 1996
  58. Helochares guoi Yang & Jia, 2021
  59. Helochares hainanensis Dong and Bian, 2021
  60. Helochares hiekei Hebauer, 1995
  61. Helochares insolitus d'Orchymont, 1925
  62. Helochares interjectus Hebauer, 1998
  63. Helochares iteratus Hebauer, 1996
  64. Helochares itylus Balfour-Browne, 1952
  65. Helochares ivani Hebauer, 1996
  66. Helochares kerstinneumanni Hebauer, 2009
  67. Helochares knischi d'Orchymont, 1939
  68. Helochares laevis Short and Girón, 2018
  69. Helochares lamprus d'Orchymont, 1940
  70. Helochares lentus Sharp, 1890
  71. Helochares lepidus d'Orchymont, 1943
  72. Helochares leptinus d'Orchymont, 1943
  73. Helochares letus d'Orchymont, 1943
  74. Helochares livianus d'Orchymont, 1939
  75. Helochares lividoides Hansen and Hebauer, 1988
  76. Helochares lividus (Forster, 1771)
  77. Helochares lobatus d'Orchymont, 1948
  78. Helochares lollius d'Orchymont, 1939
  79. Helochares loticus Hebauer, 1998
  80. Helochares loweryae Watts, 1995
  81. Helochares luridus (MacLeay, 1871)
  82. Helochares lutulentus Balfour-Browne, 1952
  83. Helochares maculatus Hebauer, 1988
  84. Helochares maculicollis Mulsant, 1844
  85. Helochares madli Hebauer, 2002
  86. Helochares marreensis Watts, 1995
  87. Helochares mecarus d'Orchymont, 1939
  88. Helochares mediastinus d'Orchymont, 1939
  89. Helochares melanophthalmus (Mulsant, 1844)
  90. Helochares mendosus Hebauer, 1996
  91. Helochares mentinotus Kuwert, 1888
  92. Helochares menulus d'Orchymont, 1943
  93. Helochares meracus Balfour-Browne, 1950
  94. Helochares mersus d'Orchymont, 1939
  95. Helochares minax d'Orchymont, 1939
  96. Helochares minor d'Orchymont, 1925
  97. Helochares minusculus d'Orchymont, 1943
  98. Helochares namcatensis Hebauer, 2002
  99. Helochares nebridius d'Orchymont, 1940
  100. Helochares negatus Hebauer, 1995
  101. Helochares neglectus (Hope, 1845)
  102. Helochares nexus Short and Girón, 2018
  103. Helochares nigrifrons Brancsik, 1893
  104. Helochares nigripalpis Hebauer and Hendrich, 1999
  105. Helochares nigritulus Kuwert, 1889
  106. Helochares nigroseriatus Hebauer, 1998
  107. Helochares niobelus d'Orchymont, 1939
  108. Helochares nipponicus Hebauer, 1995
  109. Helochares normatus (LeConte, 1861)
  110. Helochares notaticollis Régimbart, 1906
  111. Helochares notaticollis curtus Régimbart, 1906
  112. Helochares obliquus Mart, İncekara and Karaca, 2010
  113. Helochares obscurus (Müller, 1776)
  114. Helochares opacus Hebauer, 2009
  115. Helochares pallens (MacLeay, 1825)
  116. Helochares parallelus Hebauer, 1999
  117. Helochares percyi Watts, 1995
  118. Helochares perminutus Hebauer, 1996
  119. Helochares phallicus d'Orchymont, 1936
  120. Helochares politus Short and Girón, 2018
  121. Helochares punctatus Sharp, 1869
  122. Helochares rugipennis Balfour-Browne, 1958
  123. Helochares salvazai d'Orchymont, 1919
  124. Helochares sauteri d'Orchymont, 1943
  125. Helochares schoedli Hebauer, 1996
  126. Helochares schwendingeri Hebauer, 1995
  127. Helochares scitulus Balfour-Browne, 1952
  128. Helochares sechellensis Régimbart, 1903
  129. Helochares serpentinus Hebauer, 1998
  130. Helochares sharpi (Kuwert, 1890)
  131. Helochares silvester Hebauer, 2009
  132. Helochares simulator Knisch, 1922
  133. Helochares skalei Hebauer, 2002
  134. Helochares songi Jia and Tang, 2018
  135. Helochares steffani Hebauer, 2002
  136. Helochares stenius d'Orchymont, 1943
  137. Helochares striatus (Boheman, 1851)
  138. Helochares strictus d'Orchymont, 1939
  139. Helochares strigellus Hebauer, 2002
  140. Helochares structus d'Orchymont, 1936
  141. Helochares sublineatus Hebauer, 2002
  142. Helochares subseriatus Hebauer, 2009
  143. Helochares subtilis d'Orchymont, 1936
  144. Helochares sufflavus Balfour-Browne, 1952
  145. Helochares sylvaticus Balfour-Browne, 1957
  146. Helochares tamsi Balfour-Browne, 1947
  147. Helochares tatei (Blackburn, 1896)
  148. Helochares tengchongensis Dong and Bian, 2021
  149. Helochares tenuistriatus Régimbart, 1908
  150. Helochares tertius Hebauer, 1996
  151. Helochares thurmerae Watts, 1995
  152. Helochares tristis (MacLeay, 1871)
  153. Helochares trujillo Short and Girón, 2018
  154. Helochares uenoi Matsui, 1995
  155. Helochares uhligi Hebauer, 1999
  156. Helochares vitalisi d'Orchymont, 1919
  157. Helochares wagneri Hebauer, 2002
  158. Helochares wattsi Hebauer and Hendrich, 1999
  159. Helochares wuzhifengensis Dong and Bian, 2021
  160. Helochares yangae Hebauer, Hendrich, and Balke, 1999
  161. Helochares zamora Short and Girón, 2018


References

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  2. Nishijima, Yu; Hironaka, Mantaro (2023). "Egg Cocoon-Carrying Behavior in Female Water Scavenger Beetle, Helochares nipponicus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), Functions to Increase Offspring Fitness and Survivability". Journal of Insect Behavior. 36 (2): 133–141. doi:10.1007/s10905-023-09828-5. ISSN 0892-7553.
  3. ^ Mulsant, E. (1844). Histoire naturelle des coléoptères de France: Palpicornes. Vol. 5. Maison.
  4. ^ Short, Andrew Edward Z.; Girón, Jennifer C.; Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A. (2021). "Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America". Systematic Entomology. 46 (2): 380–395. doi:10.1111/syen.12467. ISSN 1365-3113. S2CID 232264478.
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  6. d’Orchymont, A. (1939). "L'Helochares minutissimus Kuwert, vrai". Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 79: 196–198.
  7. d’Orchymont, A. (1943). "Nouvelles notes sur les Helochares (Hydrobaticus) (Coleoptera Palpi-cornia Hydrophilidae)". Bulletin du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique. 19 (20): 1–12.
  8. d’Orchymont, A. (1943). "Nouvelles notes sur les Helochares (Hydrobaticus). (Coleoptera Palpicornia Hydrophilidae)". Bulletin du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique. 19 (20): 1–12.
  9. Balfour-Browne, J. (1947-12-01). "LXXV.—New East African Palpicornia". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 14 (120): 817–833. doi:10.1080/00222934708654695. ISSN 0374-5481.
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  13. d’Orchymont, A. (1939). "Helochares (Hydrobaticus) Andreinii n. sp. H. melanophthalmus Régimbart, 1905 (nec Mulsant, non Reiche)". Redia. 25: 319–323.
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  15. ^ Watts, C.H.S. (1995). "Revision of the Australasian genera Agraphydrus Rogimbart, Chasmogenus Sharp and Helochares Mulsant (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Records of the South Australian Museum. 28 (1): 113–130.
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  22. Hebauer, Franz (1995). "Die Hydrophilidae und Spercheidae Namibias Unter Berücksichtigung des Materials der Namibia-Expedition des Museums für Naturkunde Berlin 1992, ergänzt durch Nachweise aus früheren Namibia- und Kalahari-Expeditionen (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea : Hydrophilidae et Spercheidae)". Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut für Spezielle Zoologie (Berlin) (in German). 71 (2): 251–275. doi:10.1002/mmnz.19950710206. ISSN 1860-0743.
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  25. ^ Yang, Zhenming; Jia, Fenglong; Tang, Yudan; Jiang, Lu (2021-12-16). "Two new species of Helochares, with additional faunistic records from China (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)". ZooKeys (1078): 57–83. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1078.73458. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 8702532. PMID 35068953.
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  28. Hendrich, Lars; Yang, C.M. (1999). "A contribution to the knowledge of the water beetle fauna of Palau Tioman, peninsular Malaysia (Coleoptera: Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae, Scirtidae, Limnichidae)" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 6: 253–262. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2015.
  29. ^ Dong, Xue; Bian, Dongju (2021-03-29). "Three new species and two new records of Helochares (Hydrobaticus) MacLeay, 1871 from China (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)". Zootaxa. 4950 (1): 166–180. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.9. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 33903325. S2CID 233410003.
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  31. Hansen, Michael; Hebauer, Franz (1988-01-01). "A new species of Helochares from Israel, with a key to the European and some Near East species (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Insect Systematics & Evolution. 19 (1): 27–30. doi:10.1163/187631289X00023. ISSN 1876-312X.
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  35. Mart, Abdullah; Incekara, Umit; Karaca, Hanifi (2010). "A new species and records of Hydrophiliae (Coleoptera) from Turkey" (PDF). Turkish Journal of Zoology. 34: 297–303. doi:10.3906/zoo-0905-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2015.
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  37. Sharp, D. (1869). "Description of a new species of Philhydrus". Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 5: 240–241.
  38. Kuwert, A. (1890). "Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europäischen Coleopteren. XIX. Heft. Hydroph-ilidae. I. Abteilung: Hydrophilini". Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins in Brünn. 28 : 1–121.
  39. Matsui, E. (1995). "A new species of the genus Helochares (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Japan, with a key to the Japanese species of the subgenus Hydrobaticus". Special Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Coleopterology. 4: 317–322.
  40. Hebauer, Franz; Hendrich, Lars; Balke, Michael (1999). "A contribution to the knowledge of the water beetle fauna (Col. Hydradephaga, Hydrophiloidea and Staphylinoidea) of a tropical freshwater lake: Tasek Cini, Pahang, West Malaysia" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 47 (2): 333–348. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2015.
Taxon identifiers
Helochares
Category: