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Ixodes anatis

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Species of tick parasitic on kiwi

Ixodes anatis, also called the kiwi tick, is a species of tick in the arthropod family Ixodidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and mainly parasitizes kiwi (family Apterygidae).

Ixodes anatis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Ixodida
Family: Ixodidae
Genus: Ixodes
Species: I. anatis
Binomial name
Ixodes anatis
Chilton, 1904

Taxonomy

Ixodes anatis Chilton (1904), also called the kiwi tick, is a species of tick endemic to New Zealand.

The species was originally described by Charles Chilton in 1904. It was given the name anatis because the first specimens were collected from a grey duck. The type specimens are housed at Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand (CMNZ).

Since its original description, the morphology of I. anatis has only been partially described and characterized. All stages of the species were recently re-described and illustrated.

Hosts

Ixodes anatis has a high host specificity and mainly parasitizes the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) and the tokoeka (Apteryx australis). There are a handful of records that show it may have also been found on certain species of waterfowl. It is considered to be an endophilous and nidicolous species, which means it lives within the burrows and nests of its host, the kiwi.

Conservation status

Ixodes anatis is currently listed as "Not Threatened" in "Conservation status of parasitic mites and ticks (Acari) in New Zealand, 2021". Although it was previously considered to be Threatened – Nationally Vulnerable, and although its bird hosts are threatened, a better understanding of its populations has led to an improved conservation status.

References

  1. Bansal, Natasha; Castro, Isabel; Acebes, David Izquierdo; Pomroy, William E.; Kerkhoven, Arjane (2019). "Factors affecting abundance of different stages of the endophilic tick Ixodes anatis in brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) shelters". Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. 10 (4): 754–760. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.03.008. PMID 31031164. S2CID 139101653.
  2. Bansal, Natasha; Pomroy, William E.; Heath, Allen C. G.; Castro, Isabel (2021). "Aspects of the development of Ixodes anatis under different environmental conditions in the laboratory and in the field". Parasites & Vectors. 14 (1): 85. doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04601-z. ISSN 1756-3305. PMC 7841883. PMID 33509249.
  3. Swift, Rose J.; Heath, Allen C.G.; Jamieson, Sarah E. (2015). "The kiwi tick, Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904 (Acari: Ixodidae): aspects of its biology and ecology". Systematic and Applied Acarology. 30 (1): 1. doi:10.11158/saa.20.1.1. ISSN 1362-1971. S2CID 84935929.
  4. ^ Cane, Rachel (September 2009). "Profile: Ixodes anatis Chilton 1904" (PDF). New Zealand Biosecure.
  5. ^ Kwak, Mackenzie L.; Heath, Allen C. G. (1 February 2018). "Redescription of the kiwi tick Ixodes anatis (Acari: Ixodidae) from New Zealand, with notes on its biology". Experimental and Applied Acarology. 74 (2): 207–223. doi:10.1007/s10493-018-0214-6. ISSN 1572-9702. PMID 29404832. S2CID 254264413.
  6. ^ Heath, Allen C. G.; Kwak, Mackenzie L. (2 January 2019). "Ensuring the nomenclatural stability of Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904 with the discovery of lost type material and the designation of a lectotype". New Zealand Entomologist. 42 (1): 21–22. doi:10.1080/00779962.2019.1625023. ISSN 0077-9962. S2CID 196658272.
  7. ^ Heath, Allen C. G. (2010). A review of ectoparasites of Apteryx spp. (kiwi) in New Zealand, with new host records, and the biology of Ixodes anatis (Acari: Ixodidae). Tuhinga 21
  8. ^ Chilton, Charles (1904). "A species of Ixodes parasitic on the grey duck". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 36: 201–202 – via Papers Past.
  9. ^ Heath, Allen C. G.; Rolfe, Jeremy Richard; Michel, Pascale (February 2022). "Conservation status of parasitic mites and ticks (Acari) in New Zealand, 2021". New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 37: 1–23.
Taxon identifiers
Ixodes anatis


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