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1547 edition of the Vulgate made by Hentenius

Leuven Vulgate
Biblia Vulgata lovaniensis (1547)
Other names	Hentenian Bible
Language	Late Latin
Complete Bible published	1547; revision published in 1574; appendix added in the 1583 edition
Textual basis	Vulgate
Religious affiliation	Catholic Church

The Leuven Vulgate or Hentenian Bible (French: Louvain Vulgate, Latin: Biblia Vulgata lovaniensis) was the first standardized edition of the Latin Vulgate. The Leuven Vulgate essentially served as the standard text of the Catholic Church from its publication in 1547 until the Sixtine Vulgate was published in 1590. The 1583 edition of the Leuven Vulgate is cited in the Oxford Vulgate New Testament, where it is designated by the siglum H (H for Hentenian).

In 1546, partly in response to the Protestant Reformation, the Council of Trent declared the Vulgate the official Bible of the Catholic church. However, there were different versions of the Vulgate in use, and no edition was accepted as standard. In response, Biblical scholar John Henten sought to produce a more reliable edition by comparing thirty different manuscripts of the Vulgate and drawing from the work of earlier scholars, such as Robert Estienne. This standardized Vulgate was edited by Hentenius (1499–1566) and published in 1547 in Leuven, Belgium, hence the name "Leuven Vulgate". This edition was republished several times, and in 1574, a revised edition was published.

History

Publications

On 8 April 1546, at the Council of Trent, a decision was made to prepare an authorized version of the Vulgate. No direct action was taken for the next forty years, and many scholars continued to publish their own editions. Among these editions, the edition prepared by Hentenius served almost as the standard text of the Catholic Church.

The first edition of Hentenius was entitled Biblia ad vetustissima exemplaria nunc recens castigata and was published by the printer Bartholomaeus Gravius [nl] in November 1547. Hentenius used over thirty Vulgate manuscripts to make his edition. Hentenius' edition is similar to the 1532 and 1540 editions of the Vulgate produced by Robert Estienne.

Lucas Brugensis editions

After the death of Hentenius in 1566, Franciscus Lucas Brugensis continued his critical work and prepared his own edition; the edition was published in 1574 in Antwerp by Plantin, under the title: Biblia Sacra: Qui in hac editione, a Theologis Lovanienibus prestitum sit, paulo post indicatur. This revision has the same text as the original edition. However the punctuation was modified, and supplementary variants were added in the margin; few variants from the original edition were removed.

In 1583, a new edition of the Leuven Vulgate was published by the Plantin Press. This edition was a reprint of the 1574 edition with as a supplement in appendix a critical apparatus made by Lucas Brugensis: his Notationes in sacra Biblia previously published independently in 1580. This edition was published under the title: Biblia Sacra, quid in hac editione a theologis Lovaniensibus praestitum sit, eorum praefatio indicat.

Importance

The 1583 edition of the Leuven Vulgate served as the basis for the elaboration of the Sixtine and Clementine editions of the Vulgate.

Using the Leuven Vulgate as basis, Nicolaus van Winghe translated the Bible into Dutch [nl] (1548), and Nicolas de Leuze translated the Bible into French [fr] (1550). Both translations were published in Leuven. Jakub Wujek based his translation, the Wujek Bible, on the 1574 edition of the Leuven Vulgate. Because the Douay-Rheims Bible was translated in 1582, it is a virtual certainty that the Leuven Vulgate, presumably the 1574 revision, was the translation basis for the Douay-Rheims Bible.

Notes

A. Gerace previously stated that this 1583 edition containing the Notationes was the one published under the title Theologis Lovanienibus prestitum sit, paulo post indicator . However, he later amended his opinion to state that the edition containing the Notationes is the edition titled Biblia Sacra, quid in hac editione a theologis Lovaniensibus praestitum sit, eorum praefatio indicat.

References

Wordsworth, John; White, Henry Julian, eds. (1889). "Praefatio editorum Prolegomenorum loco Euangeliis Praemissa (Cap. VI. Editiones saepius uel perpetuo citatae.)". Nouum Testamentum Domini nostri Jesu Christi latine, secundum editionem Sancti Hieronymi. Vol. 1. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. p. xxix.
Hastings, James (2004) . "Vulgate". A Dictionary of the Bible. Vol. 4, Part 2 (Shimrath - Zuzim). Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press of the Pacific. p. 881. ISBN 9781410217295.
"Louvain Vulgate". Museum of the Bible. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
Bogaert & Gilmont (1990), pp. 279–281.
Scrivener (1894), p. 63.
Quentin (1922), p. 130.
Quentin (1922), p. 134.
^ Quentin (1922), p. 135.
^ Quentin (1922), pp. 138–146.
Gerace, Antonio (2016). "Francis Lucas 'of Bruges' and Textual Criticism of the Vulgate before and after the Sixto-Clementine (1592)". Journal of Early Modern Christianity. 3 (2): 202. doi:10.1515/jemc-2016-0008. S2CID 193547960 – via KULeuven. Biblia Sacra: Qui in hac editione, a Theologis Lovanienibus prestitum sit, paulo post indicator , ed. Francis Lucas (Antwerp: Christopher Plantin, 1574; hereafter abbreviated as "Biblia 1574").
Biblia Sacra. Quid, in hac editione, a Theologis Louaniensibus, praestitum sit, paulo post indicatur (in Latin). Antverpiae: Ex officina Christophori Plantini. 1574. OCLC 37026149.
A. C. De Schrevel, "Lucas, François, dit Lucas Brugensis", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 12 (Brussels, 1893), p. 552.
Gerace, Antonio (2016). "Francis Lucas 'of Bruges' and Textual Criticism of the Vulgate before and after the Sixto-Clementine (1592)". Journal of Early Modern Christianity. 3 (2): 202–203, 223–224. doi:10.1515/jemc-2016-0008. S2CID 193547960 – via KULeuven.
"Plantin's 1583 Latin Bible – SMU". www.smu.edu. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
Jerome; Lucas, Franciscus; Molanus, Johannes; Hunnaeus, Augustinus; Goudanus, Cornelius; Harlemius, Johannes; Henten, Johannes; University of Louvain (1425–1797); Faculty of Theology (1583). Biblia sacra: quid in hac editione a theologis Louaniensibus præstitum sit, eorum præfatio indicat (in Latin). Antuerpiæ: Ex officina Christophori Plantini. OCLC 54331192.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Gerace, Antonio (2016). "Francis Lucas 'of Bruges' and Textual Criticism of the Vulgate before and after the Sixto-Clementine (1592)". Journal of Early Modern Christianity. 3 (2): 203. doi:10.1515/jemc-2016-0008. S2CID 193547960 – via KULeuven.
Gerace, Antonio (2023). "The Council of Trent and the Sixto-Clementine Vulgate". In Houghton, H. A. G. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Latin Bible. Oxford University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-19-088609-7.
Bogaert & Gilmont (1990), p. 287.
Bogaert & Gilmont (1990), pp. 297–299.
Kossowska (1968), p. 323.

Bibliography

Bogaert, P.-M.; Gilmont, J.-Fr. (1990). "La première Bible française de Louvain (1550)". Revue théologique de Louvain. 11 (3): 275–309. doi:10.3406/thlou.1980.1779 – via Persée.
Kossowska, Maria (1968). Biblia w języku polskim. Vol. I. Poznań: Księgarnia św. Wojciecha.
Quentin, Henri (1922). Mémoire sur l'établissement du texte de la Vulgate (in French). Rome: Desclée. pp. 128–136.
Scrivener, F. H. A. (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. Vol. 2. London: George Bell & Sons. pp. 62–64.

External links

1547 edition

Hentenius, Joannes, ed. (1547). Biblia ad vetustissima exemplaria nunc recens castigata. Hebræa, Chaldæa, Græca & Latina nomina ... quæ in Biblijs leguntur, restituta, cum Latina interpretatione, ac locorum è cosmographis descriptione ... Leuven: Bartholomaeus Gravius. Retrieved 9 March 2024 – via Lovaniensia.
Hentenius, Joannes, ed. (1559) . Biblia, ad vetustissima exemplaria... castigata (Antwerpen 1559). Antwerp: Christophe Plantin. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2020 – via Instituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento. (click on "metadati", if the image does not load)