List of Mongol states

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History of the Mongols

Timeline History Rulers Nobility Culture Language Mongols Proto-Mongols
States Mongol khanates IX-X Khereid Khanate X-1203 Merkit Khanate XI–XII Tatar Khanate IX – XII Naiman Khanate -1204 Khamag Mongol Khanate X-1206 Mongol Empire 1206-1368 Yuan dynasty 1271-1368 Chagatai Khanate 1225-1340s Moghulistan 1346-1462 Turpan Khanate 1487-1660? Yarkent Khanate 1514-1705 Golden Horde 1240-1502 Ilkhanate 1256-1335 Chobanids 1335-1357 Jalairid Sultanate 1335-1432 Injuids 1335-1357 Northern Yuan dynasty 1368-1691 Timurid Empire 1370–1507 Kara Del 1383-1513 Four Oirat 1399-1634 Arghun dynasty 1479-1599 Mughal Empire (in India)1526–1857 Kalmyk Khanate 1630-1731 Khoshut Khanate 1640s-1717 Dzungar Khanate 1634-1758 Bogd Khaganate 1911-1924 Mongolian People's Republic 1924–1992 Mongolia 1992-present
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This is a list of Mongol states. The Mongols founded many states such as the vast Mongol Empire and other states. The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.

Pre-modern states

Name	Years	Area	Capital
Khanates in the 10th–12th centuries
Khamag Mongol Khanate	900s–1206
Merkit Khanate	XI–mid XII
Kerait Khanate	−1203
Naiman Khanate	−1204
Tatar Khanate	VI—X/(IX – mid XII?)
Mongol Empire
Mongol Empire	1206–1368	24,000,000 km	Avarga (1206–1235) Karakorum (1235–1260) Khanbaliq (1260–1368)
Yuan dynasty
Yuan dynasty	1271–1368	14,000,000 km (1310)	Khanbaliq (Dadu, Beijing)
Golden Horde (Turco-Mongol)
Golden Horde	1240–1502	6,000,000 km (1310)	Sarai Batu
Great Horde	1466–1502
Chagatai Khanate (Turco-Mongol)
Chagatai Khanate	1225–1340s	3,500,000 km (1310)	Almaliq Qarshi
Western Chagatai Khanate	1340s–1370
Moghulistan	1340–1462
Kara Del Khanate	1383–1513
Turpan Khanate	1487–1660?
Yarkent Khanate	1514–1705
Ilkhanate
Ilkhanate	1256–1335	3,750,000 km	Maragha (1256–1265) Tabriz (1265–1306) Soltaniyeh (1306–1335)
Chobanids	1335–1357		Tabriz
Injuids	1335–1357		Shiraz (Till 1353) Isfahan (1353–1357)
Jalayirid Sultanate	1335–1432		Baghdad (Till 1411) Basra (1411–1432)
Arghun dynasty	1479?–1599?
Genghisid Northern Yuan dynasty
Northern Yuan	1368–1635	5,000,000 km (1550)	Shangdu (1368–1369) Yingchang (1369–1370) Karakorum (1371–1388)
Khalkha Khanates (Northern Yuan subject by 1635)	late 16th century–1691		Tüsheet Khan, Zasagt Khan, Setsen Khan and Altan Khan of the Khalkha
Oirats – Non-Genghisid states
Four Oirat	1399–1634	1,000,000 km (15th – late 16th) ~1,600,000 km (early 17th century)
Dzungar Khanate	1634–1758	3,500,000–4,000,000 km	Ghulja
Khoshut Khanate	1642?–1717	~1,400,000 km
Kalmyk Khanate	1630–1771
Timurid states (Persianate Turco-Mongol states)
Timurid Empire	1370–1507	4,400,000 km (1405)	Samarkand (1370–1405) Herat (1405–1507)
Mughal Empire	1526–1857	4,000,000 km (1700)	Agra (1526–1571) Fatehpur Sikri (1571–1585) Lahore (1585–1598) Agra (1598–1648) Shahjahanabad/Delhi (1648–1857)
Other states/Khanate
Khanate of Sibir	1468–1598		Chimgi-Tura/Qashliq

Modern states

Name	Years	Area	Capital
Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Buryats)	1919–1926		In Kizhinginsky District, Buryatia
Republic of Oirat-Kalmyk	1930	Kalmykia
Inner Mongolian People's Republic	1945	Xilin Gol	Sonid
Mongolia	1911–present	1,564,116 km	Ulanbataar

Autonomous areas

In Russia

Name	Years	Capital	Area
State of Buryat-Mongolia	1917–1921	Chita
Mongol-Buryat Autonomous Oblast	1922–1923
Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Oblast	1921–1923
Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic	1923–1958	Ulan-Ude
Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic	1958–1992
Republic of Buryatia	1992–present		351,300 km
Agin Buryat-Mongol National Okrug	1937–1958	Aginskoye
Agin-Buryat National Okrug	1958–1977
Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug	1977–2008
Agin-Buryat Okrug	2008–present		9,600
Ust-Orda Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Okrug	1937–1958	Ust-Ordynsky
Ust-Orda Buryat National Okrug	1958–1978
Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug	1978–2008
Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug	2008–present		22,138
Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast	1920–1935 1957–1958	Astrakhan (till 1928) Elista
Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic	1935–1943 1958–1990	Elista (Elstei)
Kalmyk Soviet Socialist Republic	1990–1992
Kalmyk Republic-Halmg-Tangch	1992–1994
Kalmyk Republic	1994–present		76,100 km

In China

Name	Years	Capital	Area
Mengjiang state	1936–1945	Kalgan (Khaalgan)
Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region	1947–present	Huhhot	1,183,000 km
Gansu Province
Subei Mongol Autonomous County
Hebei Province
Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County
Heilongjiang Province
Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County
Jilin Province
Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County
Liaoning Province
Harqin Left Mongol Autonomous County
Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County
Qinghai Province
Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Henan Mongol Autonomous County
Xinjiang Province
Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture		Korla	462,700 km
Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture		Bortala (Bortal)
Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County		Hoboksar (Khovogsair)

Maps

Rouran Khaganate c. 500
Rouran Khaganate, Northern Wei, Tuyuhun Kingdom, Southern Liang, Later Yan, Yueban and Northern Liang, 400 AD
Rouran, Northern Wei, Tuyuhun Kingdom, 500 AD
Tuyuhun Kingdom, Northern Zhou, Khitans and Tatabi people, 565 AD
Liao dynasty c. 1000
Western Liao c. 1060
Mongol Empire in 1227
Mongol Empire
The Dzungar Khanate (c. 1750) (in blue line)
A map of the Dzungar Khanate, by a Swedish officer in captivity there in 1716–1733, which include the region known today as Zhetysu
The Dzungar Khanate (a fragment of the map of Russian Empire of Peter The Great, that was created by a Sweden soldier in c. 1725)
This map fragment shows territories of the Dzungar Khanate as in 1706. (Map Collection of the Library of Congress: "Carte de Tartarie" of Guillaume de L'Isle (1675-1726))
Mongolia
Mongolia

References

Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222–223. ISSN 1076-156X. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
^ Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): 475–504.
^ Jonathan M. Adams, Thomas D. Hall and Peter Turchin (2006). East-West Orientation of Historical Empires.Journal of World-Systems Research (University of Connecticut). 12 (no. 2): 219–229.
Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (2015). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 219. doi:10.5195/jwsr.2006.369. ISSN 1076-156X.
Бидия Дандарон Archived 6 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine (Russian)
Балагатское движение Archived 28 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine (Russian)
Теократическое движение в Хоринском ведомстве Бурятии :1919–1926 гг. (Russian)
БАЛАГАТСКОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ Archived 14 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine (Russian)

Bibliography

Andrews, Peter A. (1999). Felt tents and pavilions: the nomadic tradition and its interaction with princely tentage, Volume 1. Melisende. ISBN 1-901764-03-6.
Janhunen, Juha (2003b). "Para-Mongolic". In Janhunen, J. (ed.). The Mongolic languages. pp. 1–29, 391–402.

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