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The London Portal

Panorama of modern London, taken from the Golden Gallery of St Paul's Cathedral. See Panorama of London for more panoramic images.

London Eye

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of 8,866,180 in 2022. Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Western Europe, with a population of 14.9 million. London stands on the River Thames in southeast England, at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) tidal estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for nearly 2,000 years. Its ancient core and financial centre, the City of London, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and has retained its medieval boundaries. The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has been the centuries-long host of the national government and parliament. London grew rapidly in the 19th century, becoming the world's largest city at the time. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has referred to the metropolis around the City of London, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which since 1965 has largely comprised the administrative area of Greater London, governed by 33 local authorities and the Greater London Authority.

As one of the world's major global cities, London exerts a strong influence on world art, entertainment, fashion, commerce, finance, education, healthcare, media, science, technology, tourism, transport, and communications. Despite a post-Brexit exodus of stock listings from the London Stock Exchange, London remains a European economic powerhouse, and one of the world's major financial centres. It hosts Europe's largest concentration of higher education institutions, some of which are the highest-ranked academic institutions in the world: Imperial College London in natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics in social sciences, and the comprehensive University College London. It is the most visited city in Europe and has the world's busiest city airport system. The London Underground is the world's oldest rapid transit system.

London's diverse cultures encompass over 300 languages. The 2023 population of Greater London of just under 10 million made it Europe's third-most populous city, accounting for 13.4% of the United Kingdom's population and over 16% of England's population. The Greater London Built-up Area is the fourth-most populous in Europe, with about 9.8 million inhabitants as of 2011. The London metropolitan area is the third-most populous in Europe, with about 14 million inhabitants as of 2016, making London a megacity. (Full article...)

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The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known as Gray's Inn, is one of the four Inns of Court (professional associations for barristers and judges) in London. To be called to the bar in order to practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these inns. Located at the intersection of High Holborn and Gray's Inn Road in Central London, the Inn is a professional body and provides office and some residential accommodation for barristers. It is ruled by a governing council called "Pension", made up of the Masters of the Bench (or "benchers") and led by the Treasurer, who is elected to serve a one-year term. The Inn is known for its gardens (the "Walks"), which have existed since at least 1597.

Gray's Inn does not claim a specific foundation date; none of the Inns of Court claims to be any older than the others. Law clerks and their apprentices have been established on the present site since at latest 1370, with records dating from 1381. During the 15th and 16th centuries, the Inn grew in size, peaking during the reign of Elizabeth I. The Inn was home to many important barristers and politicians, including Francis Bacon. Queen Elizabeth herself was a patron. As a result of the efforts of prominent members such as William Cecil and Gilbert Gerard, Gray's Inn became the largest of the four Inns by number, with over 200 barristers recorded as members. During this period, the Inn mounted masques and revels. William Shakespeare's The Comedy of Errors is believed first to have been performed in Gray's Inn Hall. (Full article...)

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Photo credit: David Iliff

The three tallest skyscrapers in Canary Wharf, a large business and shopping development in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, as viewed from Cabot Square: 8 Canada Square (centre-left), One Canada Square (centre), Citigroup Centre (centre-right).

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Subcategories

Articles about London can be found under these categories:

Areas of London Buildings and structures in London Cities in London Culture in London Economy of London Education in London Environment of London Geography of London Local government in London Health in London History of London Law in London London-related lists

Organisations based in London People from London Politics of London Protected areas of London Science and technology in London Sport in London Tourism in London Transport in London Images of London London stubs

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"With the Vigilance Committee in the East End: A Suspicious Character" from The Illustrated London News, 13 October 1888

Jack the Ripper was an unidentified serial killer who was active in and around the impoverished Whitechapel district of London, England, in 1888. In both criminal case files and the contemporaneous journalistic accounts, the killer was also called the Whitechapel Murderer and Leather Apron.

Attacks ascribed to Jack the Ripper typically involved women working as prostitutes who lived in the slums of the East End of London. Their throats were cut prior to abdominal mutilations. The removal of internal organs from at least three of the victims led to speculation that their killer had some anatomical or surgical knowledge. Rumours that the murders were connected intensified in September and October 1888, and numerous letters were received by media outlets and Scotland Yard from people purporting to be the murderer. (Full article...)

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William Shakespeare Henry Wood Samuel Johnson Jack Sheppard Mary Wollstonecraft Noël Coward Mellitus David Bowie Alice Ayres Edgar Speyer Harold Pinter Edmund Evans Elizabeth Canning Henry Moore William Sterndale Bennett Gilbert Foliot Lilias Armstrong Laurence Olivier George Lansbury Marie Lloyd Stanley Holloway Robert of Jumièges

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“

London goes beyond any boundary or convention. It contains every wish or word ever spoken, every action or gesture ever made, every harsh or noble statement ever expressed. It is illimitable. It is Infinite London.

”

Peter Ackroyd, London: The Biography (2000) More quotations... edit

Did you know...

…that St Pancras Old Church stands on what is believed to be one of the oldest sites of Christian worship in England?

…that the building now housing the Brick Lane Mosque (pictured) was built as a Huguenot chapel in 1743, and subsequently became a synagogue?

…that there are two London churches that claim to be the "St Clements" of the nursery rhyme Oranges and Lemons: St Clement Danes and St Clement Eastcheap?

…that the Neasden Temple, completed in 1995, is the largest Hindu Temple In Europe?

…that St. John's, Smith Square is nicknamed "Queen Anne’s Footstool" because its four corner towers give it the appearance of an upturned footstool?

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General images

The following are images from various London-related articles on Misplaced Pages.

Image 1A medal of Constantius I capturing London (inscribed as lon) in 296 after defeating Allectus. From Beaurains treasure. (from History of London)
Image 2Outline of the London region (from Geography of London)
Image 3Ogilby & Morgan's map of the City of London (1673). "A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London. Ichnographically describing all the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls, & Houses &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated by John Ogilby, His Majesties Cosmographer." (from History of London)
Image 4The "Woodcut" map of London, formally titled Civitas Londinum (c. 1561) (from History of London)
Image 5Maughan Library, King's College London (from Culture of London)
Image 6Buckingham Palace in 1837, enlarged by John Nash (from History of London)
Image 7Cheapside pictured in 1909, with the church of St Mary-le-Bow in the background (from History of London)
Image 8A tourist stall selling various London and United Kingdom related souvenirs on the edge of Trafalgar Square on the Strand (from Tourism in London)
Image 9Floral Hall of the Royal Opera House (from Culture of London)
Image 10Girl in costume at the Notting Hill Carnival (from Culture of London)
Image 11John Evelyn's plan for the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire (from History of London)
Image 12In spite of heavy traffic, several companies operate tour buses in London. (from Tourism in London)
Image 13John Norden's map of London in 1593. There is only one bridge across the Thames, but parts of Southwark on the south bank of the river have been developed. (from History of London)
Image 14Main entrance to the British Museum (from Culture of London)
Image 15A depiction of the imprisonment of Charles, Duke of Orléans in the Tower of London, from a 15th-century manuscript. Old London Bridge is in the background (from History of London)
Image 16Three cultural icons of London: a K2 red telephone box, Big Ben and a red double-decker bus (from Culture of London)
Image 17Tourists consulting a map near St Paul's Cathedral (from Tourism in London)
Image 18The Houses of Parliament from Westminster Bridge in the early 1890s (from History of London)
Image 19People gathered in Whitehall to hear Winston Churchill's victory speech, 8 May 1945. (from History of London)
Image 20A view of London from the east in 1751 (from History of London)
Image 21Section 2 (from History of London)
Image 22The National Gallery from Trafalgar Square (from Culture of London)
Image 23Samuel Pepys, chronicler of Stuart London (from History of London)
Image 24A silver coin of Alfred, with the legend ÆLFRED REX (from History of London)
Image 25Les Misérables at the Palace Theatre (from Culture of London)
Image 26London c. 1300 (from History of London)
Image 27Section 1 (from History of London)
Image 28Young people in Carnaby Street in 1966 (from History of London)
Image 29Tourism in London 2013 (from Tourism in London)
Image 30A signpost on Parliament Square with directions for nearby attractions (from Tourism in London)
Image 31A plaque in the City of London noting the re-establishment of the Roman walled city (from History of London)
Image 32A detailed copy of John Rocque's Map of London, 1741–5 (from History of London)
Image 33Satellite image by Sentinel-2 satellite (from Geography of London)
Image 34Tourists at Buckingham Palace (from Tourism in London)
Image 35Section 3 (from History of London)
Image 36Firefighters putting out flames after an air raid during The Blitz, 1941 (from History of London)
Image 37The statue of Alfred the Great at Winchester, erected 1899 (from History of London)
Image 38The Shard (left), an icon of 21st-century London (from History of London)
Image 39The Clock Tower of Wren's St Paul's Cathedral (from History of London)
Image 40Shaftesbury Avenue, c. 1949 (from History of London)
Image 41Richard Blome's map of London (1673). The development of the West End had recently begun to accelerate. (from History of London)
Image 42London as engraved by J. & C. Walker in 1845 from a map by R Creighton. Many districts in the West End were fully developed, and the East End also extended well beyond the eastern fringe of the City of London. There were now several bridges over the Thames, allowing the rapid development of South London. (from History of London)
Image 43Amy Winehouse was a singer-songwriter from Southgate, north London. (from Culture of London)
Image 44Brixton Academy (from Culture of London)
Image 45Buckingham Palace as it appeared in the 17th century (from History of London)
Image 46A Carausius coin from Londinium mint (from History of London)

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London Boroughs

City of London † City of Westminster Kensington and Chelsea Hammersmith and Fulham Wandsworth Lambeth Southwark Tower Hamlets Hackney Islington Camden Brent Ealing Hounslow Richmond Kingston upon Thames		Merton Sutton Croydon Bromley Lewisham Greenwich Bexley Havering Barking and Dagenham Redbridge Newham Waltham Forest Haringey Enfield Barnet Harrow Hillingdon
† sui generis – not a London borough

More about London Boroughs
Category: London boroughs

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London Topics

London-related topics

History

Politics

London government	Mayor of London Greater London Authority London Assembly The 32 London Boroughs City of London Corporation Ken Livingstone London Development Agency London Fire Commissioner Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime Transport for London City Hall London Plan Metropolitan Board of Works Greater London Council London County Council
UK government in London	Downing Street MI5 SIS (MI6) Middlesex Guildhall Palace of Westminster Palace of Whitehall Portcullis House Somerset House War Office Whitehall

Geography

Attractions

Historic	Barbican Estate Covent Garden Leicester Square Mayfair Palace of Westminster Piccadilly Circus St Paul's Cathedral Tower Bridge Tower of London Trafalgar Square Westminster Abbey
Royal	Buckingham Palace Clarence House Hampton Court Palace Horse Guards Parade Kensington Palace The Mall St James's Palace
Modern	8 Canada Square 22 Bishopsgate Canary Wharf Citigroup Centre London Eye Millennium Bridge The O2 Arena Millennium Dome One Canada Square The Gherkin The Shard Tower 42 Wembley Stadium
Retail	Bond Street Carnaby Street Harrods Harvey Nichols Knightsbridge Liberty Oxford Street Regent Street Selfridges Tottenham Court Road
Monuments	Albert Memorial Cenotaph Cleopatra's Needle Monument to the Great Fire Nelson's Column more ...

Civic

Culture

Economy

Education

Museums
and galleries

League teams
(tiers 1–4)

1	Arsenal Brentford Chelsea Crystal Palace Fulham Tottenham Hotspur West Ham United
2	Millwall Queens Park Rangers
3	Charlton Athletic Leyton Orient
4	AFC Wimbledon Bromley

Non-league teams
(tiers 5–8)

5	Barnet Dagenham & Redbridge Sutton United Wealdstone
6	Enfield Town Hampton & Richmond Borough Hornchurch Welling United
7	Carshalton Athletic Cray Valley Paper Mills Cray Wanderers Dulwich Hamlet Hanwell Town Hendon Wingate & Finchley
8	AFC Croydon Athletic Beckenham Town Erith Town Hadley Hanworth Villa Haringey Borough Harrow Borough Hayes & Yeading United Kingstonian Northwood Phoenix Sports Rayners Lane Raynes Park Vale Redbridge Sutton Common Rovers Uxbridge Walthamstow

Rivalries

London derbies

Cup competitions

Transport

London has one of the oldest and largest public transport systems in the world. Many components of its transport system, such as the double-decker bus, the Hackney Carriage black taxi and the Tube, are internationally recognised symbols of London. London has a comprehensive rail network with several major railway stations, including two international train stations at St Pancras railway station and Stratford International, which connect London to mainland Europe through the Eurostar service. London also has six international airports. In addition to public transport, London is the start point for a number of motorway routes. The M25 is an orbital motorway which enables vehicles to avoid travelling through central London, and is one of the busiest motorways in Europe.

Transport in London

Companies and
organisations

Transport for
London (TfL)

London Underground	Night Tube Bakerloo Central Circle District Hammersmith & City Jubilee Metropolitan Northern Piccadilly Victoria Waterloo & City
London Rail	Docklands Light Railway Elizabeth line Tramlink London Overground North London East London South London West London Gospel Oak to Barking Lea Valley Romford–Upminster Watford DC
London Buses	East London Transit Superloop Night buses
Other	Coach station Cycle hire Dial-a-Ride IFS Cloud Cable Car London River Services London Streets Source London Taxi and Private Hire office

Bus operators

River operators

Train operators

Other

Airports

Within London	City Heathrow London Heliport Military: Northolt Private: Biggin Hill
Outside London	Gatwick Luton Southend Stansted

Major stations

Central area	Baker Street Bank-Monument Blackfriars Bond Street Cannon Street Charing Cross City Thameslink Earl's Court Elephant & Castle Euston Farringdon Fenchurch Street Green Park King's Cross Liverpool Street London Bridge Marylebone Moorgate Oxford Circus Paddington St Pancras International Tottenham Court Road Vauxhall Victoria Waterloo Waterloo East Westminster
Other	Barking Bromley South Canary Wharf Clapham Junction Ealing Broadway East Croydon Finsbury Park Heathrow stations Highbury & Islington Lewisham London City Airport Richmond Stratford Surbiton Sutton Upminster West Ham West Hampstead stations Whitechapel Willesden Junction Wimbledon

Roads

Motorways	M1 M4 M11 M25 London Orbital Former: M41 (West Cross Route) A40(M) (Westway) A102(M) (East Cross Route)
Ring roads	London Inner Ring Road North Circular Road South Circular Road
Charging	Congestion charge Low emission zone Ultra Low Emission Zone