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Boutonneuse fever

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(Redirected from Mediterranean spotted fever) Medical condition
Boutonneuse fever
Other namesMediterranean spotted fever
Typical eschar and spots on the leg of a patient with Boutonneuse fever
SpecialtyInfectious disease
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Boutonneuse fever (also called Mediterranean spotted fever, fièvre boutonneuse, Kenya tick typhus, Indian tick typhus, Marseilles fever, or Astrakhan fever) is a fever as a result of a rickettsial infection caused by the bacterium Rickettsia conorii and transmitted by the dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Boutonneuse fever can be seen in many places around the world, although it is endemic in countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. This disease was first described in Tunisia in 1910 by Conor and Bruch and was named boutonneuse (French for "spotty") due to its papular skin-rash characteristics.

Presentation

After an incubation period around seven days, the disease manifests abruptly with chills, high fevers, muscular and articular pains, severe headache, and photophobia. The location of the bite forms a black, ulcerous crust (tache noire). Around the fourth day of the illness, a widespread rash appears, first macular and then maculopapular, and sometimes petechial.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made with serologic methods, either the classic Weil–Felix test, (agglutination of Proteus OX strains), ELISA, or immunofluorescence assays in the bioptic material of the primary lesion. The Weil–Felix test demonstrated low sensitivity (33%) in diagnosing acute rickettsial infections and low specificity, with a positive titre of 1:320 seen in 54% of healthy volunteers and 62% of non-rickettsial fever patients. Therefore, the use of the WFT should be discouraged in the diagnosis of acute rickettsial infections.

Treatment

The illness can be treated with tetracyclines (doxycycline is the preferred treatment), chloramphenicol, macrolides, or fluoroquinolones.

See also

References

  1. ^ Rovery C, Brouqui P, Raoult D (2008). "Questions on Mediterranean Spotted Fever a Century after Its Discovery". Emerg Infect Dis. 14 (9): 1360–1367. doi:10.3201/eid1409.071133. PMC 2603122. PMID 18760001.
  2. Conor, A; A Bruch (1910). "Une fièvre éruptive observée en Tunisie". Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filial. 8: 492–496.

External links

ClassificationD
Pseudomonadota-associated Gram-negative bacterial infections
α
Rickettsiales
Rickettsiaceae/
(Rickettsioses)
Typhus
Spotted
fever
Tick-borne
Mite-borne
Flea-borne
Anaplasmataceae
Hyphomicrobiales
Brucellaceae
Bartonellaceae
β
Neisseriales
M+
M−
ungrouped:
Burkholderiales
γ
Enterobacteriales
(OX−)
Lac+
Slow/weak
Lac−
H2S+
H2S−
Pasteurellales
Haemophilus:
Pasteurella multocida
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Legionellales
Thiotrichales
Vibrionaceae
Pseudomonadales
Xanthomonadaceae
Cardiobacteriaceae
Aeromonadales
ε
Campylobacterales
Tick-borne diseases and infestations
Diseases
Bacterial infections
Rickettsiales
Spirochaete
Thiotrichales
Viral infections
Protozoan infections
Other diseases
Infestations
Species and bites
Amblyomma
Dermacentor
Ixodes
Ornithodoros
Other
Bacterial skin disease
Gram +ve
Bacillota
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
CorynebacteriumErythrasma
Clostridium
Others
Actinomycetota
Mycobacterium-
related
Others
Gram -ve
Pseudomonadota
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Campylobacterota
Other
Unspecified
pathogen
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