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Ornate flycatcher
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Tyrannidae
Genus:	Myiotriccus Ridgway, 1905
Species:	M. ornatus
Binomial name
Myiotriccus ornatus (Lafresnaye, 1853)
Range of "western" ornate flycatcher (see the Taxonomy and Distribution sections)

The ornate flycatcher (Myiotriccus ornatus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Taxonomy and systematics

The ornate flycatcher was originally described in 1853 as Tyrannula ornata. It was moved to its present genus Myiotriccus following its erection by Ridgway in 1905, and is the only species in that genus.

Beyond its reclassification the ornate flycatcher's taxonomy is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee, the Clements taxonomy, and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society treat it as a single species with these four subspecies:

• M. o. ornatus (Lafresnaye, 1853)
• M. o. stellatus (Cabanis, 1873)
• M. o. phoenicurus (Sclater, PL, 1855)
• M. o. aureiventris (Sclater, PL, 1874)

However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treats M. o. ornatus and M. o. stellatus as the "western ornate flycatcher" and the other two as subspecies of the "eastern ornate flycatcher", M. phoenicurus. Clements groups the two pairs as "ornate flycatcher (western)" and "ornate flycatcher (eastern)" within the single species.

This article follows the one-species, four-subspecies model.

Description

The ornate flycatcher is about 11 to 12 cm (4.3 to 4.7 in) long and weighs 8.2 to 13.4 g (0.29 to 0.47 oz). The sexes are alike in plumage; females are slightly smaller than males. Adults of the nominate subspecies M. o. ornatus have a mostly black head with a white crescent in front of the eye and a partly hidden bright yellow patch in the middle of the crown. Their back is deep olive and their rump bright golden-yellow. Their wings are dusky black. Their tail's base is bright rufous and its outer half is dusky black. Their throat is gray, their breast rich olive, and their belly bright golden-yellow. They have a dark brown iris, black or brown legs and feet, and a black bill. Subspecies M. o. stellatus is much smaller than the nominate, with a smaller white crescent on the face that often has a gap in the middle and a yellowish base to the tail. M. o. phoenicurus has an entirely rufous tail, an iris that can vary from gray to dark brown, black or slate legs and feet, and sometimes a creamy white base to the bill's mandible. M. o. aureiventris has a slightly lighter green back, a lighter gray throat, and a lighter green breast than the nominate. Its iris, legs and feet, and bill are like those of phoenicurus.

Distribution and habitat

The subspecies of the ornate flycatcher are found thus:

• M. o. ornatus: the Central range and northern and central part of the Eastern range of the Colombian Andes
• M. o. stellatus: Colombia's Western Andes and south through Ecuador on the western slope of the Andes to El Oro Province
• M. o. phoenicurus: from Caquetá Department in Colombia's Eastern Andes south through Ecuador on the eastern slope of the Andes and into northern Peru to the Marañón River
• M. o. aureiventris: eastern slope of the Andes in Peru from Huánuco Department south to Puno Department

The ornate flycatcher inhabits humid montane forest, mature secondary forest, and woodlands in the Andean foothills. It favors dark mossy ravines and the edges somewhat open areas such as landslides, gaps caused by fallen trees, regrowing clearings, and along small watercourses. In elevation it ranges between 600 and 2,400 m (2,000 and 7,900 ft) in Colombia, mostly between 800 and 2,000 m (2,600 and 6,600 ft) but lower in the northwest in Ecuador, and between 700 and 2,200 m (2,300 and 7,200 ft) in Peru.

Behavior

Movement

The ornate flycatcher is a year-round resident.

Feeding

The ornate flycatcher's diet has not been detailed but is believed to be mostly insects. It typically forages in pairs though sometimes singly; it infrequently joins mixed-species feeding flocks and only when they traverse its territory. It forages from the forest understory to its mid-story, usually at the same site for long periods of time. It perches upright on exposed perches, takes prey in mid-air with short flights, and often returns to the same perch.

Breeding

The ornate flycatcher's breeding season has not been defined but appears to vary geographically. In Colombia in includes March to May, in Ecuador at least July, and in southeastern Peru from August to December. Its nest is a ball or dome made from rootlets and moss with a lining of grasses. Most of those discovered were within about 5 m (15 ft) of the ground in a shrub, tree, or palm. The eggs have a cream or off-white base color with small cinnamon flecks. The usual clutch size, incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.

Vocalization

The ornate flycatcher's dawn song is "a sharp note followed by a chippering trill: PSEW! tititititi". Its calls include "a sharp, squeaky PSEW", a "quiet pip pip pip", and "a sharp, high pitched, and emphatic 'wheep!' or 'peeyp!' ".

Status

The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so has separately assessed the "western" and "eastern" ornate flycatchers. Both are assessed as being of Least Concern. Both have large ranges and unknown population sizes that are believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats to either have been identified. The species is considered common in Colombia, "common and conspicuous" in Ecuador, and "one of the most characteristic birds of lower eastern slopes of Andes" in Peru. It occurs in many protected areas across its range.

References

1. ^ BirdLife International (2024). "Western Ornate Flycatcher Myiotriccus ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T103680660A264303002. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T103680660A264303002.en. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
2. ^ BirdLife International (2024). "Eastern Ornate Flycatcher Myiotriccus phoenicurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T103680670A264300237. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T103680670A264300237.en. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
3. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 14.2. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
4. de Lafresnaye, Frédéric (1853). Quelques Nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux, par le baron de Lafgresnaye in Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (in Latin and French). Vol. 5. Bureau de la Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. pp. 57–58. Retrieved January 17, 2025.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
5. ^ Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 23, 2024
6. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved November 26, 2024
7. HBW and BirdLife International (2024). Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 9. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v9_Oct24.zip retrieved December 23, 2024
8. ^ del Hoyo, J., B. M. Clock, G. M. Kirwan, and N. Collar (2020). Ornate Flycatcher (Myiotriccus ornatus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ornfly1.01 retrieved January 17, 2025
9. ^ McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.
10. ^ Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 495. ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
11. ^ Schulenberg, T.S.; Stotz, D.F.; Lane, D.F.; O'Neill, J.P.; Parker, T.A. III (2010). Birds of Peru. Princeton Field Guides (revised and updated ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 424. ISBN 978-0691130231.

v t e Genera of passerines and their extinct allies
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Clade: Psittacopasseres Order: Passeriformes
Passeriformes incertae sedis †Corvitalusoides †Jamna †Winnicavis †Yunnanus Acanthisitti Acanthisittidae Acanthisitta †Dendroscansor †Kuiornis †Pachyplichas †Traversia Xenicus Eupasseres Tyranni †Crosnoornis †Wieslochia Eurylaimides Calyptomenidae Calyptomena Smithornis Eurylaimidae Corydon Cymbirhynchus Eurylaimus Psarisomus Pseudocalyptomena Sarcophanops Serilophus Philepittidae Neodrepanis Philepitta Pittidae Erythropitta Hydrornis Pitta Sapayoidae Sapayoa Tyrannides See below ↓ Passeri See below ↓
Tyrannides Conopophagidae Cephalopterus Conopophaga Pittasoma Cotingidae Ampelioides Ampelion Carpodectes Carpornis Conioptilon Cotinga Doliornis Gymnoderus Haematoderus Lipaugus Querula Perissocephalus Phibalura Phoenicircus Phytotoma Pipreola Porphyrolaema Procnias Pyroderus Rupicola Snowornis Xipholena Zaratornis Formicariidae Chamaeza Formicarius Furnariidae Berlepschia †Pseudoseisuropsis Sclerurinae Geositta Sclerurus Dendrocolaptinae Dendrocolaptini Campylorhamphus Dendrexetastes Dendrocolaptes Dendroplex Drymornis Drymotoxeres Glyphorynchus Hylexetastes Lepidocolaptes Nasica Xiphocolaptes Xiphorhynchus Sittasomini Certhiasomus Dendrocincla Deconychura Sittasomus Furnariinae Xenops Pygarrhichini Microxenops Ochetorhynchus Pygarrhichas Furnariini Cinclodes Furnarius Geocerthia Limnornis Lochmias Phleocryptes Premnornis Pseudocolaptes Tarphonomus Upucerthia Philydorini Anabacerthia Anabazenops Ancistrops Automolus Cichlocolaptes Clibanornis Dendroma Heliobletus Megaxenops Philydor Syndactyla Thripadectes Synallaxini Acrobatornis Anumbius Aphrastura Asthenes Certhiaxis Coryphistera Cranioleuca Hellmayrea Leptasthenura Limnoctites Margarornis Mazaria Metopothrix Phacellodomus Premnoplex Pseudasthenes Pseudoseisura Roraimia Schoeniophylax Siptornis Spartonoica Sylviorthorhynchus Synallaxis Thripophaga Xenerpestes Grallariidae Cryptopezus Grallaria Grallaricula Hylopezus Myrmothera Melanopareiidae Melanopareia Pipridae Ceratopipra Chiroxiphia Chloropipo Corapipo Cryptopipo Heterocercus Ilicura Lepidothrix Machaeropterus Manacus Masius Neopelma Pipra Pseudopipra Tyranneutes Xenopipo Rhinocryptidae Acropternis Eleoscytalopus Eugralla Liosceles Merulaxis Myornis Psilorhamphus Pteroptochos Rhinocrypta Scelorchilus Scytalopus Teledromas Thamnophilidae Euchrepomidinae Euchrepomis Myrmornithinae Myrmornis Pygiptila Thamnistes Thamnophilinae Formicivorini Formicivora Myrmochanes Myrmotherula Terenura Microrhopiini Ammonastes Aprositornis Clytoctantes Epinecrophylla Microrhopias Myrmophylax Myrmorchilus Neoctantes Pithyini Cercomacra Cercomacroides Drymophila Gymnopithys Hypocnemis Oneillornis Phaenostictus Phlegopsis Pithys Rhegmatorhina Sciaphylax Willisornis Pyriglenini Akletos Ampelornis Gymnocichla Hafferia Hylophylax Hypocnemoides Myrmeciza Myrmelastes Myrmoborus Myrmoderus Percnostola Poliocrania Pyriglena Rhopornis Sclateria Sipia Thamnophilini Batara Biatas Cymbilaimus Dichrozona Dysithamnus Frederickena Herpsilochmus Hypoedaleus Isleria Mackenziaena Megastictus Radinopsyche Rhopias Sakesphoroides Sakesphorus Taraba Thamnomanes Thamnophilus Xenornis Tityridae Iodopleura Laniisoma Laniocera Myiobius Onychorhynchus Oxyruncus Pachyramphus Schiffornis Terenotriccus Tityra Xenopsaris Tyrannidae Agriornis Alectrurus Anairetes Aphanotriccus Arundinicola Atalotriccus Attila Calyptura Camptostoma Capsiempis Casiornis Cnemarchus Cnemotriccus Cnipodectes Colonia Colorhamphus Conopias Contopus Corythopis Culicivora Elaenia Empidonax Empidonomus Euscarthmus Fluvicola Griseotyrannus Gubernetes Guyramemua Hemitriccus Heteroxolmis Hirundinea Hymenops Inezia Knipolegus Lathrotriccus Legatus Lessonia Leptopogon Lophotriccus Machetornis Mecocerculus Megarynchus Mionectes Mitrephanes Muscigralla Muscipipra Muscisaxicola Myiarchus Myiodynastes Myiopagis Myiophobus Myiornis Myiotheretes Myiotriccus Myiozetetes Nengetus Neopipo Neoxolmis Nephelomyias Nesotriccus Ochthoeca Ochthornis Oncostoma Ornithion Phelpsia Philohydor Phyllomyias Phylloscartes Piprites Pitangus Platyrinchus Poecilotriccus Pogonotriccus Polystictus Pseudelaenia Pseudocolopteryx Pseudotriccus Pyrocephalus Pyrope Pyrrhomyias Ramphotrigon Rhynchocyclus Rhytipterna Satrapa Sayornis Serpophaga Silvicultrix Sirystes Stigmatura Sublegatus Suiriri Syrtidicola Tachuris Taeniotriccus Todirostrum Tolmomyias Tumbezia Tyrannopsis Tyrannulus Tyrannus Uromyias Xenotriccus Xolmis Zimmerius
Passeri †Resoviaornis Acanthizidae Acanthiza Acanthornis Aethomyias Aphelocephala Calamanthus Gerygone Hylacola Neosericornis Oreoscopus Origma Pachycare Pycnoptilus Pyrrholaemus Sericornis Smicrornis Atrichornithidae Atrichornis Callaeidae Callaeas †Heteralocha Philesturnus Climacteridae Climacteris Cormobates Cnemophilidae Cnemophilus Loboparadisea Dasyornithidae Dasyornis Maluridae Amytornithinae Amytornis Malurinae Malurini Chenorhamphus Clytomyias Malurus Sipodotus Stipiturini Stipiturus Melanocharitidae Melanocharis Oedistoma Rhamphocharis Toxorhamphus Meliphagidae Acanthagenys Acanthorhynchus Anthochaera Anthornis Ashbyia Bolemoreus Caligavis Certhionyx Cissomela Conopophila Entomyzon Epthianura Foulehaio Gavicalis Gliciphila Glycichaera Glycifohia Grantiella Guadalcanaria Gymnomyza Lichenostomus Lichmera Macgregoria Manorina Meliarchus Melidectes Melilestes Melionyx Meliphacator Meliphaga Melipotes Melithreptus Melitograis Microptilotis Myza Myzomela Nesoptilotis Oreornis Plectorhyncha Philemon Phylidonyris Ptiloprora Ptilotula Prosthemadera Purnella Pycnopygius Ramsayornis Stomiopera Stresemannia Sugomel Territornis Timeliopsis Trichodere Vosea Xanthotis Menuridae Menura Notiomystidae Notiomystis Orthonychidae Orthonyx †Palaeoscinidae Palaeoscinis Pardalotidae Pardalotus Pomatostomidae Garritornis Pomatostomus Ptilonorhynchidae Ailuroedus Amblyornis Archboldia Chlamydera Prionodura Ptilonorhynchus Scenopoeetes †Sericuloides Sericulus Corvides See Corvides Passerida See Passerida

• IUCN Red List least concern species
• Myiotriccus
• Birds of the Northern Andes
• Birds described in 1853