Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate

(Redirected from Neodymium doped yttrium orthovanadate) Laser gain medium

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Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO₄) is a crystalline material formed by adding neodymium ions to yttrium orthovanadate. It is commonly used as an active laser medium for diode-pumped solid-state lasers. It comes as a transparent blue-tinted material. It is birefringent, therefore rods made of it are usually rectangular.

As in all neodymium-doped laser crystals, the lasing action of Nd:YVO₄ is due to its content of neodymium ions, which may be excited by visible or infrared light, and undergo an electronic transition resulting in emission of coherent infrared light at a lower frequency, usually at 1064 nm (other transitions in Nd are available, and can be selected for by external optics).

Basic properties

Atomic density: ~1.37×10 atoms/cm
Crystal structure:
- zircon tetragonal (tetragonal bipyramidal)
- space group D_4h
- a=b=7.12, c=6.29
Density: 4.22 g/cm
Mohs hardness: Glass-like, ~5
Thermal expansion coefficient:
- α_a=4.43×10/K
- α_c=11.37×10/K
Thermal conductivity:
- parallel to C-axis: 5.23 W·m·K
- perpendicular to C-axis: 5.10 W·m·K

Optical properties

Lasing wavelengths: 914 nm, 1064 nm, 1342 nm
Crystal class: positive uniaxial, n_o=n_a=n_b, n_e=n_c,
- n_o=1.9573, n_e=2.1652, at 1064 nm
- n_o=1.9721, n_e=2.1858, at 808 nm
- n_o=2.0210, n_e=2.2560, at 532 nm
Fluorescence lifetime (spontaneous emission lifetime) as a function of Nd ions concentration:

Nd concentration (atom %)	Fluorescence lifetime (μs)@ 1064 nm	Reference
0.4	110	J. Appl. Phys. 49, 5517-5522 (1978).
1.0	100	Castech web site
1.1	90	Casix web site Archived 2005-06-26 at the Wayback Machine
2.0	50	Casix web site Archived 2005-06-26 at the Wayback Machine

Absorption cross-section at 808 nm: 5.5×10 cm
Emission cross-section at 1064 nm: 30×10 cm (Reference: JOSA 66, 1405-1414 (1976).)
Polarized laser emission: π-polarization; parallel to optic axis (c-axis) (for a-cut crystal)
Gain-bandwidth: 0.96 nm (257 GHz) at 1064 nm (for 1.1 atm% Nd doped)
Absorption coefficients at 808 nm for different doping concentrations:

References

H. E. Rast; H. H. Caspers & S. A. Miller (1968). "Infrared Spectral Emittance and Optical Properties of Yttrium Vanadate" (abstract). Phys. Rev. 169 (3): 705–709. Bibcode:1968PhRv..169..705R. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.169.705.
O. Guillot-Noel; B. Bellamy; B. Viana; D. Gourier (1999). "Correlation between rare-earth oscillator strengths and rare-earth–valence-band interactions in neodymium-doped YMO4 (M=V, P, As), Y3Al5O12, and LiYF4 matrices" (abstract). Phys. Rev. B. 60 (3): 1668–1677. Bibcode:1999PhRvB..60.1668G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.60.1668.

v t e Solid-state lasers
Distinct subtypes	Semiconductor laser
Yttrium aluminium garnet	Nd:YAG laser Er:YAG laser Nd:Cr:YAG Yb:YAG Nd:Ce:YAG Ho:YAG Dy:YAG Sm:YAG Tb:YAG Ce:YAG Ce:Gd:YAG Gd:YAG
Glass	Nd:glass Er:glass Er:Yb:glass Yb:glass
Other gain media	Ruby laser Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) Terbium gallium garnet (TGG) Ti:sapphire laser Solid-state dye laser (SSDL/SSOL/SSDPL) Yttrium lithium fluoride (YLF) Neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Nd:YLF) Yttrium orthovanadate (YVO₄) Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO₄) Yttrium calcium oxoborate (YCOB) Nd:YCOB laser Ce:LiSAF Ce:LiCAF Cr:ZnSe U:CaF₂ Sm:CaF₂ Yb:SFAP
Structures	Diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) Fiber laser Figure-8 laser Disk laser F-center laser
Specific lasers	Trident laser ZEUS-HLONS (HMMWV Laser Ordnance Neutralization System) Nova (laser) Cyclops laser Janus laser Argus laser Shiva laser HiPER Laboratory for Laser Energetics Laser Mégajoule LULI2000 Mercury laser ISKRA-6 Vulcan laser List of petawatt lasers

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