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Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine

Ratification of the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine, with signatures of Boris III of Bulgaria, Aleksandar Stamboliyski, and Mihail Madzharov
Signed	27 November 1919
Location	Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
Condition	Ratification by Bulgaria and four Principal Allied Powers.
Parties	Principal Allied and Associated Powers Principal Allied and Associated Powers  United States  British Empire  •  United Kingdom  •  Canada  •  Australia  •  South Africa  •  New Zealand  •  India  France  Italy  Japan Allied and Associated Powers  Belgium China  Cuba  Greece  Hejaz  Poland  Portugal  Romania  Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes  Siam  Czechoslovakia Central Power  Bulgaria
Depositary	French Government
Languages	French (primary), English, Italian
Full text
Treaty of Neuilly at Wikisource

Paris Peace Conference
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v t e

The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine (French: Traité de Neuilly-sur-Seine; Bulgarian: Ньойски договор) was a treaty between the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand, and Bulgaria, one of the defeated Central Powers in World War I, on the other. The treaty required Bulgaria to cede various territories.

The treaty was signed on 27 November 1919, in Neuilly-sur-Seine in the Hauts-de-Seine department, just west of Paris in France. The signing ceremony was held in Neuilly's town hall (hôtel de ville).

The Treaty of Neuilly was one of the series of treaties after World War I, which included the Treaty of Versailles, the Treaty of Saint-Germain, the Treaty of Trianon, and the Treaty of Sèvres, which were intended to diminish the military and political strength of the defeated members of the Central Powers.

Like those treaties, the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine contained the Covenant of the League of Nations. As a result the United States did not ratify the treaty.

Territorial concessions

The treaty required Bulgaria:

• to cede Western Thrace to the Entente (which awarded it to Greece at the San Remo conference) thereby cutting off Bulgaria's direct outlet to the Aegean Sea.
• to sign a convention on population exchange with Greece.
• to cede a further area of 2,563 km (990 sq mi) on its western border with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia).
• to return Dobruja, which according to the Treaty of Bucharest was partially ceded to Bulgaria and partially to the Central Powers (who later, on 25 September 1918, transferred this joint condominium to Bulgaria), to Romania, thus restoring the border set by the Treaty of Bucharest (1913).
• to return property removed from the foreign territory occupied by Bulgarian forces to its rightful owners, or to make compensation.
• to reduce its army to 20,000 men.
• to pay reparations of £100 million.
• to recognize the existence of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Bulgarian response

In Bulgaria, the results of the treaty are popularly known as the Second National Catastrophe. Bulgaria subsequently regained Southern Dobruja as a result of the Treaty of Craiova. During World War II, together with Nazi Germany, it temporarily reoccupied most of the other territories ceded under the treaty.

Territories ceded to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

Four minor regions (historiographically referred to by Bulgarians as the Western Outlands) had been part of Bulgaria from its inception as a principality in 1878, except for the region around Strumitsa, which became part of Bulgaria in 1912. Bulgaria was internationally recognised as an independent country in 1908 and controlled these territories until 1919 when they were ceded to the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes under the Treaty of Neuilly. The cession of the region was partly a compensation for the occupation of the southern and eastern part of Serbia by Bulgarian troops between 1915 and 1918, and was partly motivated by strategic reasons. The old political boundary between Bulgaria and Serbia followed a chain of high mountain ridges, whereas the new one gave significant military and strategic advantages to the Serbs: it dangerously exposed the Bulgarian capital of Sofia and significantly reduced the military threat to eastern Serbia in case of a Bulgarian invasion (see also Balkan Wars and World War I).

Area and population

Territories ceded by the treaty to the then Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes cover an area of 1,545 km (597 sq mi) in what is now Serbia and 1,028 km (397 sq mi) in what is now North Macedonia.

In Serbia, to which the term generally applies in Bulgaria, the territory ceded is split between the modern Serbian District of Pirot (municipality of Dimitrovgrad and smaller parts of the municipalities of Pirot and Babušnica) and District of Pčinja (municipality of Bosilegrad and a small part of the municipality of Surdulica). It also includes a small section along the Timok River in the municipality and District of Zaječar, composed by eight localities (seven populated by Romanians and one populated by Bulgarians).

In 1919, the area corresponded to the following parts of the Bulgarian okrugs: Kyustendil, 661 km (255 sq mi), Tzaribrod 418 km (161 sq mi), Tran 278 km (107 sq mi), Kula 172 km (66 sq mi) and Vidin 17 km (6.6 sq mi). Bulgarian sources claim that the Bulgarian population made 98% of the population in Bosilegrad and 95% of the population in Tzaribrod at the time. In the Yugoslav census of 1931, all South Slavs were simply counted as Yugoslavs (Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Bulgarians) so a comparison could not be made. According to the last Census in Serbia from 2002, Bulgarians made 50% and 71% of population in Dimitrovgrad and Bosilegrad respectively.

See also

• Bulgarian irredentism
• Bulgarians in North Macedonia
• Bulgarians in Serbia
• List of treaties
• Minority Treaties
• Western Outlands

• Politics
• Law

References

1. The United States signed the Treaty but did not ratifty it.
2. Neuilly-sur-Seine official site Archived 2007-12-12 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
3. "Treaty between the Principal Allied and Associated Powers and Bulgaria and Protocol, signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine at November 27, 1919", Peace Treaties, Various Treaties and Agreements between the Allied and Associated Powers and Serb-Croat-Slovene State, Roumania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Turkey, together with some other agreements signed by the Peace Conference at Paris and Saint-Germain-En-Laye, presented by Mr. Lodge, April 25, 1921, Washington, Government Printing Office: 67th Congress, 1st Session, Senate, Document No. 7, 1921, pp. 47–162, retrieved 2013-01-02
4. Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Bulgaria, and Protocol, Neuilly-sur-Seine, November 27, 1919, printed by the order of Parliament, Ottawa: J. de Labroquerie Taché, printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 1920, retrieved 2013-01-03
5. Convention between Bulgaria and Greece respecting Reciprocal Emigration of Minorities, signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine, 27 November 1919.
6. Guy Beiner, "International: 'No, Nay, Never' (Once More): The Resurrection of Hungarian Irredentism." History Ireland 21.3 (2013): 40-43.
7. Stelios Nestor, "Greek Macedonia and the Convention of Neuilly (1919)." Balkan Studies 3.1 (1962): 169-184.
8. Tribalia (Blogger)

Further reading

• Borisova, Galina M. "Bulgaria, Greece and Britain's Policy 1919." Etudes Balkaniques (1983) 19#3 pp 77–91.
• Buirette, O. "The treaties of Neuilly-sur-Seine (1919) and Sevres (1920), or the redefining of a new Balkan Europe." Bulgarian Historical Review-Revue Bulgare d'Histoire 3-4 (2001): 99–113.
• Chary, Frederick B. The history of Bulgaria (ABC-CLIO, 2011).
• Nestor, Stelios. "Greek Macedonia and the Convention of Neuilly (1919)," Balkan Studies (1962) 3#1 pp 169–184. Online Version.

External links

• Text of the Treaty
• Map of Europe at time of Treaty of Neuilly Archived 2015-03-16 at the Wayback Machine at omniatlas.com
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Bulgaria" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.

v t e Bulgaria during World War I

Prelude South-western front Serbian campaign, Macedonian front Romanian front • Outcome • Others Important persons Balkan Wars 1912–1913 First Balkan War 1913 Treaty of London Second Balkan War Treaty of Bucharest Treaty of Constantinople Neutrality 1914 Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance 1915 Negotiations of Bulgaria with the Central Powers and the Entente Bulgarian–German treaty Secret Bulgarian–German agreement Military convention between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria Bulgarian–Ottoman convention Mobilization Commanders  Bulgaria Nikola Zhekov • Kliment Boyadzhiev • Dimitar Geshov • Georgi Todorov • Ivan Lukov • Stefan Nerezov • Vladimir Vazov Entente:  Serbia: Radomir Putnik • Živojin Mišić • Stepa Stepanović • Petar Bojović • Pavle Jurišić Šturm;  France: Maurice Sarrail • Adolphe Guillaumat • Louis Franchet d'Espèrey;  United Kingdom: Bryan Mahon • George Milne;  Kingdom of Greece: Panagiotis Danglis Field Armies + Eleventh Army First Army Second Army Fourth Army Battles 1915 Morava Offensive • Ovče Pole Offensive • Kosovo offensive (1915) • Battle of Krivolak 1916 First battle of Doiran • Battle of Florina (Lerin) • Struma operation • Monastir offensive 1917 Second battle of Doiran • 2nd Crna Bend • Second battle of Monastir 1918 Battle of Skra-di-Legen • Battle of Dobro Pole • Third battle of Doiran Commanders  Bulgaria Nikola Zhekov • Panteley Kiselov • Stefan Toshev • Todor Kantardzhiev • Ivan Kolev Entente:  Romania: Constantin Prezan • Alexandru Averescu;  Russia: Andrei Zayonchkovski • Vladimir Sakharov Field Armies Third Army Battles 1916 Battle of Turtucaia • Battle of Bazargic • First Cobadin • Flămânda Offensive • Second Cobadin • Battle of Bucharest Outcome 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Armistice of Focșani • Treaty of Bucharest • Protocol of Berlin Outcome Armistice of Salonica Vladaya revolt Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine Others Bulgarian administration in Kosovo Anti-military propaganda Ferdinand Vasil Radoslavov Aleksandar Malinov Aleksandar Stamboliyski Aleksandar Protogerov August von Mackensen Boris Drangov Vladimir Vazov Georgi Todorov (general) Ivan Kolev Kliment Boyadzhiev Dimitar Geshov Ivan Lukov Konstantin Zhostov Krastyu Zlatarev Nikola Zhekov Panteley Kiselov Stefan Toshev Stefan Nerezov Todor Kantardzhiev

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