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On Avery Island
Original vinyl cover; releases on streaming services are cropped, only showing the photograph.
Studio album by Neutral Milk Hotel
Released	March 26, 1996 (US) September 30, 1996 (UK)
Recorded	February–May 1995
Studio	Pet Sounds Studio (Denver, Colorado) Dane Terry and Marisa Bissinger's home
Genre	Indie rock psychedelic folk indie folk lo-fi slacker rock
Length	47:58
Label	Merge (US) Fire (UK)
Producer	Robert Schneider
Neutral Milk Hotel chronology
Everything Is (1993) On Avery Island (1996) In the Aeroplane Over the Sea (1998)
Alternative cover
1996 Fire Records (UK) release

On Avery Island is the debut studio album by American rock band Neutral Milk Hotel. It was released in the United States on March 26, 1996, by Merge Records, and in the United Kingdom on September 30, 1996, by Fire Records. At the time, Neutral Milk Hotel was a solo project of American musician Jeff Mangum, who recorded the album with producer Robert Schneider from February to May 1995. On Avery Island is an indie rock and psychedelic folk album, with a lo-fi sound.

Background and recording

Neutral Milk Hotel was formed in Ruston, Louisiana, in the late 1980s, as one of the many home recording projects of musician Jeff Mangum. The simple home recordings Mangum made with his friends Robert Schneider, Bill Doss, and Will Cullen Hart led to the formation of the Elephant 6 musical collective. After graduating from high school, Mangum moved to Seattle, and released the single "Everything Is" on Cher Doll Records, under the alias Neutral Milk Hotel. The single's exposure convinced Mangum to record more music under this name. He moved to Denver, and began working with Schneider to record his first album On Avery Island.

On Avery Island was recorded from February to May 1995, and was produced and engineered by Schneider. According to the album’s liner notes, among a number of instrumental credits, Mangum played guitar, drums and vocals, and Schneider played bass, organ, and composed horn arrangements; the horn parts were played by trombonist Rick Benjamin. It was recorded at two different locations: about half of the album was recorded at the house of musicians Dane Terry and Marisa Bissinger, and the other half was recorded at Pet Sounds Studio. The album was recorded on a four-track reel-to-reel.

Composition

On Avery Island is an indie rock and psychedelic folk album with a lo-fi sound. The Rolling Stone Album Guide likened the album's music to other 1990s lo-fi indie rock acts like Smog and Guided by Voices. On Avery Island's most experimental song is the thirteen-minute closing track "Pree-Sisters Swallowing a Donkey's Eye," which is a drone song influenced by gamelan and noise music.

"Naomi" is about Naomi Yang of Galaxie 500 and Damon and Naomi.

Artwork

The cover art for the 1996 release of On Avery Island was designed by Jeff Mangum and Lisa Janssen. The United Kingdom release had different cover art, designed by Jill Carnes.

In 2023, the album was rereleased with new cover art.

Release and reception

Initial release

On Avery Island was released in the United States on March 26, 1996, by Merge Records, and in the United Kingdom on September 30, 1996, by Fire Records. It sold around 5,000 copies, which Merge considered a success. On Avery Island received positive reviews from critics. Kurt Wolff of the Houston Chronicle gave the album four out of five stars, and wrote: "Neutral Milk Hotel's debut is a trippy experience, at times downright crowded with noise. But at the core of every song is a solid, tangible melody, the kind that rings through your brain all day long." Mike Goldsmith of NME gave it an 8/10, and said: "Neutral Milk Hotel can convert miserable-as-sin introspection into folky mantras that bore into your skull like a well-aimed power drill." On Avery Island was ranked at number thirty-five on The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop poll for 1996.

After the release of On Avery Island, Mangum recruited three musicians to tour with: Julian Koster, Jeremy Barnes, and Scott Spillane. On April 28, 1997, Neutral Milk Hotel began a national tour, during which the band members learned to play as a unit. The On Avery Island tour generated enough money for the band members to afford to move to Athens, Georgia, where a large group of Elephant 6 musicians were living. By the spring of 1997, Mangum had written and demoed nearly every song for a second album. He shared the demos with his bandmates before they moved to Denver to record the album In the Aeroplane Over the Sea.

Retrospective commentary

Professional ratings

Retrospective reviews (after 1996)
Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic
The Guardian
The Independent
Pitchfork	8.8/10
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
The Skinny
Uncut

Since its release, On Avery Island continued to receive positive reviews. Jason Ankeny of AllMusic described On Avery Island as "a fuzzy masterpiece of experimental lo-fi recording." The Rolling Stone Album Guide noted that despite the production limitations and underdeveloped lyrics, the album succeeds in blending multiple genres into a unique sound. Sasha Geffen of Pitchfork highlighted the songs "You've Passed" and "Gardenhead / Leave Me Alone" as some of the best songs in Neutral Milk Hotel's discography, and wrote: "The abrupt transitions between perfect pop melodies and gaseous balls of noise lend the album a certain wildfire charm."

Retrospective reviews often compare On Avery Island to Neutral Milk Hotel's second album In the Aeroplane Over the Sea. The Guardian's Michael Hann felt On Avery Island was the weaker of the two albums, and wrote: "You can hear Mangum groping towards the realisation of his vision on the likes of 'Song Against Sex' or 'A Baby for Pree,' but never quite finding it." Chris Morgan of Uproxx echoed this remark, and noted that On Avery Island is quieter and less ambitious than its successor. Some critics believe On Avery Island's cacophonous sound and abstract lyrics served as a blueprint for In the Aeroplane Over the Sea. Geffen wrote: " offers a glimpse of a pivotal songwriter in transition, moving from making shoddy cassettes for his friends to making art rock that spoke to untold thousands of lonely teens listening to pilfered mp3s late into the night."

In 1998, Neutral Milk Hotel disbanded, and Mangum disappeared from the public eye. Fans were not told why the band disbanded, and the subsequent speculation from online discussions significantly raised their profile. Neutral Milk Hotel and, in particular, In the Aeroplane Over the Sea gained a cult following and converted Mangum into a larger-than-life figure. Some journalists have commented that due to the popularity of In the Aeroplane Over the Sea, other recordings from Neutral Milk Hotel, such as On Avery Island, are often overlooked. Morgan highlighted the discrepancy between the two albums by comparing their Misplaced Pages articles from 2016. Morgan noted that In the Aeroplane Over the Sea's article was deemed important enough to include a section titled "Legacy", whereas the entire On Avery Island article merely consisted of a few sentences.

Track listing

All tracks are written by Jeff Mangum, except where noted. Horn arrangements composed by Robert Schneider.

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of On Avery Island.

• Jeff Mangum – guitar, drums, vocals, bells, xylophone, air organ, keyboards, tapes, cover design
• Robert Schneider – air organs, home organs, fuzz bass, xylophone, horn arrangements
• Lisa Janssen – fuzz bass on tracks 2 and 8, cover design
• Rick Benjamin – trombone on tracks 1, 7, 8

Track 12 features Marisa Bissinger, Hilarie Sidney, Zachary DeMichele, Dane Terry, Lisa Janssen, Aaron Reedy, and Jeff Mangum performing various Indonesian instruments.

See also

• Avery Island (Louisiana)

Footnotes

1. Anon. 1996b, p. 56; Anon. n.d..
2. Cooper 2005, p. 17.
3. Ballance, Cook & McCaughan 2009, p. 93.
4. Cooper 2005, p. 30.
5. McMullen 1996.
6. Ballance, Cook & McCaughan 2009, p. 97.
7. Earles 2014, p. 219.
8. Earles 2014, pp. 219–220; Jones 1998
9. ^ Sarig 2004, p. 579.
10. Cooper 2005, pp. 25–26; Richardson 2012
11. "Neutral Milk Hotel - Naomi (Video by Naomi Yang, made with the band's blessing)". YouTube. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
12. Stafford, James (2015-11-17). "Cover Stories: Neutral Milk Hotel, 'In the Aeroplane Over the Sea'". Diffuser.fm. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
13. "On Avery Island by Neutral Milk Hotel". Genius. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
14. Tripp, Robin (2006-06-25). "Neutral Milk Hotel - On Avery Island". Head Heritage. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
15. Weinrichter Roncero, Lucia (2023-02-24). "Neutral Milk Hotel's explosive 1996 debut 'On Avery Island (Deluxe Edition)' is out today". FIRE RECORDS. Retrieved 2023-07-14.
16. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 37.
17. Cooper 2005, p. 37; Goldsmith n.d.; Wolff 1996
18. Wolff 1996.
19. Goldsmith n.d.
20. Cooper 2005, pp. 28–31.
21. Clair 2022, Chapter 11 (Search phrase "The first Neutral Milk Hotel gig with this lineup took place at Brownies, a skinny, sweltering little bar in the East Village, on April 28, 1997").
22. Ballance, Cook & McCaughan 2009, p. 99.
23. Cooper 2005, p. 52.
24. ^ Ankeny n.d.
25. Harley 2008, p. 33.
26. ^ Hann 2008.
27. ^ Geffen 2019.
28. Bermingham 2008.
29. O'Connell 2011, p. 91.
30. Bermingham 2008; Geffen 2019; Hann 2008
31. ^ Morgan 2016.
32. Bermingham 2008; Geffen 2019
33. Clark 2008.
34. Winkie 2016.
35. Morgan 2016; Tenreyro 2021.
36. ^ Anon. 1996a.
37. Anon. n.d.

References

• Ankeny, Jason (n.d.). "On Avery Island – Neutral Milk Hotel". AllMusic. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
• Anon. (n.d.). "On Avery Island". AllMusic. Archived from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
• Anon. (1996). On Avery Island (liner notes). Neutral Milk Hotel. Merge Records.
• Anon. (April 1996). "Just Out". CMJ New Music Monthly. No. 32. ISSN 1074-6978.
• Ballance, Laura; Cook, John; McCaughan, Mac (2009). Our Noise: The Story of Merge Records, the Indie Label That Got Big and Stayed Small. Algonquin Books. ISBN 978-1-5651-2968-9.
• Bermingham, Finbarr (January 6, 2008). "Neutral Milk Hotel – On Avery Island". The Skinny. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
• Clair, Adam (2022). Endless Endless, A Lo-Fi History of the Elephant 6 Mystery (E-book). Hachette. ISBN 978-0-30692-3968.
• Clark, Taylor (February 26, 2008). "The Salinger of Indie Rock". Slate. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2017.
• Cooper, Kim (2005). In the Aeroplane Over the Sea. 33⅓. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8264-1690-X.
• Earles, Andrew (2014). Gimme Indie Rock: 500 Essential American Underground Rock Albums 1981-1996. The Quarto Group. ISBN 978-0-7603-4648-8.
• Geffen, Sasha (June 22, 2019). "Neutral Milk Hotel: On Avery Island Album Review". Pitchfork. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
• Goldsmith, Mike (n.d.). "Neutral Milk Hotel – On Avery Island". NME. Archived from the original on May 2, 1999. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
• Hann, Michael (January 4, 2008). "Neutral Milk Hotel, On Avery Island". The Guardian. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
• Harley, Kevin (5 January 2008). "Neutral Milk Hotel: On Avery Island (Fire Records)". The Independent – via Newspapers.com .
• Jones, J.R. (April 23, 1998). "Neutral Milk Hotel". Chicago Reader. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
• McMullen, Phil (September 1996). "Neutral Milk Hotel". Ptolemaic Terrascope.
• Morgan, Chris (March 28, 2016). "Why Is 'On Avery Island' The 'Other' Neutral Milk Hotel Album?". Uproxx. Archived from the original on July 20, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
• O'Connell, Sharon (September 2011). "Neutral Milk Hotel: On Avery Island". Uncut. ISSN 1368-0722.
• Richardson, Mark (January 9, 2012). "Neutral Milk Hotel – Box Set". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
• Sarig, Roni (2004). "Neutral Milk Hotel". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
• Tenreyro, Tatiana (April 14, 2021). "Neutral Milk Hotel made a brilliant record the first time around, too". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
• Winkie, Luke (May 11, 2016). "How did the Neutral Milk Hotel legend get so out of hand?". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
• Wolff, Kurt (May 5, 1996). "Neutral Milk Hotel a Nice Place to Visit". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved September 20, 2017.

• 1996 debut albums
• Fire Records (UK) albums
• Merge Records albums
• Neutral Milk Hotel albums
• Elephant 6 albums