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Edented Sulawesi rat
On an Indonesian stamp
Conservation status
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Muridae
Tribe:	Rattini
Genus:	Paucidentomys Esselstyn, Achmadi & Rowe, 2012
Species:	P. vermidax
Binomial name
Paucidentomys vermidax Esselstyn, Achmadi & Rowe, 2012
Specimen collections from Sulawesi, Indonesia

Paucidentomys is a genus of rodents of a type commonly known as shrew-rats which was discovered in 2012 in a remote rainforest on the Indonesian island, Sulawesi. The genus is monotypic, consisting of the species Paucidentomys vermidax, or the edented Sulawesi rat. The Latin name may also be translated to its other common name "few-toothed worm-eating rat", referring to the fact that they have only two teeth and may live exclusively on a diet of earthworms.

Description

Paucidentomys vermidax is larger than Melasmothrix naso, Sommeromys macrorhinos and Tateomys macrocercus, similar in size to Tateomys rhinogradoides, smaller than Rhynchomys soricoides and substantially smaller than species of Echiothrix. The face is more elongate than that of any other Sulawesi shrew-rat, but similar in this regard to Rhynchomys. It has a very long rostrum (relative to other Sulawesi shrew-rats), small eyes, large ears, a soft pelage and a long, thick, hairy and dorsoventrally bicoloured tail.

Unique dentition

Paucidentomys vermidax is the only known rodent with no molars, which is an adaptation to its diet which may be exclusively earthworms (it appears to be a specialist vermivore based on the stomach contents of one individual). Moreover, rather than gnawing incisors, this animal has bicuspid upper incisors, which is also unique among the more than 2,200 species of rodents. The upper incisors are short with an anterior cusp and slightly inferior posterior cusp; these cusps are connected by a sharp, concave cutting edge at the lateral margin of the tooth. The pterygoid plate is absent. The dentary is long and delicate, lacking significant muscle attachment points. The lower incisors are unicuspid, procumbent, sharp and delicate. Its dental formula is 1.0.0.01.0.0.0.

Distribution

Paucidentomys vermidax is known from Mount Gandangdewata and Mount Latimojong in Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Etymology

The generic name combines the Latin paucus (few) with dentis (tooth) and the Greek mys (mouse) in reference to the lack of molars. The epithet is a hybrid of vermi (worm) and edax (devourer), in reference to the animal's diet.

References

1. ^ Engelbrektsson, P. (2016). "Paucidentomys vermidax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T46205590A46207038. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T46205590A46207038.en. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
2. ^ Esselstyn, J.A., Achmadi, A.S. Rowe, K.C. (2012). "Evolutionary novelty in a rat with no molars". Biology Letters. 8 (6): 990–993. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0574. PMC 3497122. PMID 22915626.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
3. Gnaw way! New species of long-nosed rat discovered that cannot chew. mirror.co.uk. 22 August 2012
4. "Explore the Database". www.mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2021-12-11.

v t e Myomorpha
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• IUCN Red List data deficient species
• Muridae
• Endemic fauna of Indonesia
• Rodents of Sulawesi
• Mammals described in 2012
• Old World rats and mice