| Slaty-winged foliage-gleaner | |
|---|---|
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| Adult P. f. erythronotum | |
| Conservation status | |
 Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Furnariidae |
| Genus: | Neophilydor |
| Species: | N. fuscipenne |
| Binomial name | |
| Neophilydor fuscipenne (Salvin, 1866) | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Philydor fuscipennis | |
The slaty-winged foliage-gleaner (Neophilydor fuscipenne) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. This species was formerly placed in the genus Philydor.
Taxonomy and systematics
The slaty-winged foliage-gleaner was formally described in 1866 by the English naturalist Osbert Salvin based on a specimen collected in the province of Veraguas in the Republic of Panama. He placed the species in the genus Philydor and coined the binomial name Philydor fuscipennis. The specific epithet combines the Latin fuscus meaning "dusky" or "dark" with -pennis meaning "-winged". The slaty-winged foliage-gleaner is now placed with the rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner in the genus Neophilydor that was introduced in 2023 to resolved the polyphyly of the genus Philydor.
Two subspecies are recognised:
- N. f. fuscipenne (Salvin, 1866) – central Panama
- N. f. erythronotum (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1873) – east Panama to west Ecuador
The species has a complicated taxonomic history. Since about 1990 it has been assigned two subspecies as above. For a time N. f. erythronotum was treated as a separate species. Later, N. f. fuscipenne was treated as subspecies of the rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner (N. erythrocercum). The slaty-winged foliage-gleaner has two widely separated populations (see the Distribution section); that in Ecuador "probably represents an undescribed taxon".
Description
The slaty-winged foliage-gleaner is about 17 cm (6.7 in) long and weighs 25 to 28 g (0.88 to 0.99 oz). Male and female plumages are alike. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a pale rufescent ochre supercilium, a dark brownish band behind the eye, fuscous and buff lores, and dark brownish ear coverts with some rusty inclusions. Their crown is dark brown with faint rufescent streaks and they have an indistinct dark rusty-rufous collar. Their back is rich rufescent brown and their rump and uppertail coverts chestnut-rufous. Their tail is rufous-chestnut. Their wing coverts are brown, their primary coverts dark slaty brown, and their flight feathers slaty gray-brown. Their throat is variable but generally orangey to rusty, their breast is similar but a deeper rufescent in its center, their belly is paler than the breast, and their undertail coverts are darker rufescent brown or chestnut-brown. Their iris is brown, their maxilla gray to blackish, their mandible gray to horn, and their legs and feet gray-green to greenish yellow. Juveniles are much like adults but have more rufous upperparts and ochraceous underparts. Subspecies N. f. erythronotum is paler and duller overall than the nominate, though the Ecuadoran population has somewhat more ochraceous underparts.
Distribution and habitat
The nominate subspecies of the slaty-winged foliage-gleaner is found in central Panama from Veraguas Province to the Canal Zone. Subspecies N. f. erythronotum has a disjunct distribution. One population is found from Panama's Panamá Province east into Colombia where it ranges east to Santander Department and south into Chocó Department. The other population is found in western Ecuador from Pichincha Province south to El Oro Province.
The slaty-winged foliage-gleaner inhabits humid lowland evergreen forest and also secondary forest. In elevation it mainly occurs between 500 and 1,000 m (1,600 and 3,300 ft). It reaches 1,600 m (5,200 ft) in Colombia but only 600 m (2,000 ft) in Ecuador. The slaty-winged foliage-gleaner is a year-round resident throughout its range.
Behavior
Feeding
The slaty-winged foliage-gleaner feeds on arthropods. Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and spiders are major components of its diet, though other insects and even small lizards are also eaten. It forages singly and in pairs, usually as members of a mixed-species feeding flock. It feeds primarily from the forest's undergrowth to its mid-storey. It acrobatically climbs along and up branches, gleaning its prey from dead leaves and epiphytes.
Breeding
Nothing is known about the slaty-winged foliage-gleaner's breeding biology.
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Songs and calls Listen to slaty-winged foliage-gleaner on xeno-canto |
Vocalization
The slaty-winged foliage-gleaner's song is "a monotonic accelerating trill". Its contact call is "a sharp 'chef' ".
Status
The IUCN has assessed the slaty-winged foliage-gleaner as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and an estimated population of at least 20,000 mature individuals, though the latter is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered uncommon to locally fairly common in Panama, locally common in Colombia, and scarce and local in Ecuador. The Ecuadoran population is "considered vulnerable because of extensive destruction of lowland forests".
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner Philydor fuscipenne". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22702814A138222187. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22702814A138222187.en. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- Salvin, Osbert (1866). "Descriptions of eight new birds from Veragua". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (Part 1): 67–76 .
- Peters, James Lee, ed. (1951). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 7. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 129.
- Jobling, James A. "fuscipenne". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
- Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 31, 2023
- ^ Remsen, Jr., J. V. (2020). Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner (Philydor fuscipenne), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.swfgle.01 retrieved August 27, 2023
- ^ Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 366–367. ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
- ^ McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010). Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Bogotá: Fundación ProAves. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.