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Second encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet
Part of the Chinese Civil War
Location of Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet
Date April, 1935 – July, 1935 Location Shaanxi and Gansu, China Result Communist victory
Belligerents
Nationalist China	Chinese Red Army
Commanders and leaders
Chiang Kai-shek	Liu Zhidan Gao Gang
Strength
40,000+	14,000
Casualties and losses
3,000+	?

The second encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist government that was intended to destroy the Communist Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet and its Chinese Red Army in the local region. It was responded by the Communists' second counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet (Chinese: 陕甘苏区第二次反围剿), also called by the Communists as the second counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Revolutionary Base (Chinese: 陕甘革命根据地第二次反围剿), in which the local Chinese Red Army successfully defended their soviet republic in the border region of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces against the Nationalist attacks from April 1935 to July 1935.

Beginning in October, 1934, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized more than 40,000 troops of warlords of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu to launch the second encirclement campaign against Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet aimed to eradicate the local Communists. However, the Nationalist plan had multiple drawbacks; none of the warlords were willing to sacrifice their own troops and a unified command could not be formed because all were afraid of that the one in charge would sacrifice others. As a result, Chiang Kai-shek at the distant south, hundreds or even thousands miles away, had to take the command, and due to other affairs that needed to be taken care of, as well as the warlord's lack of enthusiasm and cooperation, Chiang was unable to command effectively. It would take half a year since the first mobilization for the Nationalists to finally launch their first assault and the disconnection between the battlefields of the Nationalist high command had also prevented any timely decision to be made in real time, which would lead to the failure of the campaign.

In contrast, the Communists adopted the strategy by concentrating their forces and fought in northern Shaanxi under a unified command. After the 42nd Division and the 84th Division of the Chinese Red Army had met up in Anding (安定) county, a unified command was formed under the name of Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Northwestern Military Committee Frontline Command. Liu Zhidan (刘志丹) was named as the commander-in-chief while Gao Gang was named as the political commissar.

In late April 1935, the Nationalists finally begun their uncoordinated and disorganized attacks, which were easily defeated by the Communists. After more than two months of fighting, Nationalists not only failed their original objective, but also lost half a dozen towns including Anding (安定), Yanchang (延长), Yanchuan (延川), Ansai (安塞), Jingbian (靖边), and Bao'an. After suffering more than 3,000 casualties, the warlords called off the any further military operations, and the campaign resulted in Communist victory. As a result of their victory, the previous two separate communist bases of the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet, the one at the border region of Shaanxi and Gansu and the other in northern Shaanxi had been linked up to become a new one with larger size.

See also

• Outline of the Chinese Civil War
• National Revolutionary Army
• History of the People's Liberation Army

v t e Chinese Civil War
Principal belligerents and campaigns Nationalist Party / National Government ( National Revolutionary Army) → Constitutional ROC Government (ROC Armed Forces) → Republic of China on Taiwan Communist Party / Soviet Republic ( Red Army) → Liberated Area ( 8th Route Army, New Fourth Army, etc. → People's Liberation Army) →  People's Republic of China
Pre-1945 Post-1945 1923 Sun–Joffe Manifesto 1924 First United Front 1926 Canton Coup 1927–1949 Chinese Communist Revolution 1927 Nanking incident Shanghai Commune Shanghai massacre Nanjing–Wuhan split 715 Incident Little Long March Nanchang uprising Autumn Harvest Uprising Guangzhou Uprising 1930–1934 Encirclement campaigns 1931–1934 Chinese Soviet Republic 1933–1934 Fujian People's Government 1934–1936 Long March 1936 Xi'an Incident 1937–1946 Second United Front (Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists) 1941 New Fourth Army incident 1944 Dixie Mission 1945 Chongqing Negotiations Double Tenth Agreement Retrocession of Taiwan 1946 Jiaochangkou Incident Peiping rape case 1945–1947 Marshall Mission 1945–1949 Operation Beleaguer 1947 Yu Zisan Incident 1948 SS Kiangya incident Liaoshen campaign 1948–1949 Huaihai campaign Pingjin campaign 1949 Taiping Steamer Incident Yangtze River Crossing campaign Amethyst Incident ROC Government retreat to Taiwan PRC incorporation of Xinjiang 1949–1953 Bombing of Shanghai 1950 Hainan Island campaign Wanshan Archipelago Campaign 1950–1958 Kuomintang Islamic insurgency 1961–1972 Project National Glory

• Conflicts in 1935
• Campaigns of the Chinese Civil War
• 1935 in China
• Military history of Shaanxi
• Military history of Gansu