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United Provinces of New GranadaProvincias Unidas de la Nueva Granada (Spanish)
1811–1816
Flag Coat of arms
United Provinces of New Granada (in red)
Capital	Tunja
Common languages	Spanish (de facto)
Religion	Roman Catholic
Government	Revolutionary republic
First President
History
• Independence declared	July 20, 1811
• First Congress of New Granada	1811
• Confederacy formed	October 4, 1812
• Reconquest by Spain	September 3, 1816
Currency	Real
Preceded by Succeeded by Viceroyalty of New Granada Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca Viceroyalty of New Granada

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Pre-Columbian period pre-1499 Spanish colonization 1499–1550 New Kingdom of Granada 1550–1717 Viceroyalty of New Granada 1717–1819 United Provinces of New Granada 1810–1816 Gran Colombia 1819–1831 Republic of New Granada 1831–1858 Granadine Confederation 1858–1863 United States of Colombia 1863–1886 Republic of Colombia 1886–present
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v t e

The United Provinces of New Granada was a country in South America from 1810 to 1816, a period known in Colombian history as la Patria Boba ("the Foolish Fatherland"). It was formed from areas of the New Kingdom of Granada, roughly corresponding to the territory of modern-day Colombia. The government was a federation with a parliamentary system, consisting of a weak executive and strong congress. The country was reconquered by Spain in 1816.

Government

The Triumvirate

After two attempts at establishing a congress, the State of Cundinamarca managed to convene a Congress of the United Provinces, which met in late 1811. It issued an Act of Federation on November 27, 1811, which allowed Congress to establish a separate executive branch, if it felt it was required. An executive, consisting of a triumvirate, was created in 1814 after a royalist army from Pasto and Popayán defeated one from Cundinamarca (which had not accepted the Union and, in fact, had even sent troops against it). Congress nominated Manuel Rodríguez Torices, President of the State of Cartagena; José Manuel Restrepo, Antioquia's Secretary of State; and Custodio García Rovira, Governor of the province of Socorro. At the time of the nomination, the nominated officials were exercising their jobs, so they were temporarily replaced by members of Congress: Joaquín Camacho, Representative for the Tunja Province, José María del Castillo y Rada and José Fernández Madrid, both Representatives for the Cartagena Province. The triumvirate was inaugurated on October 5, 1814.

On January 12, 1815, Congress arrived in Santa Fe de Bogotá, after its army, headed by Simón Bolívar, had forced Cundinamarca into the Union in December 1814. The interim triumvirate was replaced on January 21, 1815, by the original nominated members, with the exception of Joaquín Camacho, who had turned down the nomination. The first president of the triumvirate was José Miguel Pey de Andrade, who at the moment was serving as the governor of Bogotá. On August 17, García Rovira, who had presented his resignation as President of the Triumvirate to Congress on July 11, was replaced by Antonio Villavicencio.

Administrative divisions

The Act was ratified by the provinces of Antioquia, Cartagena, Neiva, Pamplona and Tunja. Under the Act of Federation each province was free to write its own constitution and form its own government. Other regions of the New Kingdom of Granada established their own governments and confederations (for example, the Confederated Cities of the Cauca Valley, 1811–1812) or remained royalist.

At the beginning of the revolution, the larger Viceroyalty of New Granada consisted of 22 provinces. The provinces were under the jurisdiction of two audiencias.

The Royal Audiencia of Quito, whose president had executive powers, had jurisdiction over the provinces of Quito, Cuenca, Loja, Ibarra, Riobamba, Pasto, Popayán, Buenaventura and parts of the Cauca River Valley. These provinces were located in what are now the Republic of Ecuador and the southern part of Colombia.

The Royal Audiencia of Santa Fe de Bogotá, had jurisdiction over the provinces of Panamá and Veragua in what is now the Republic of Panama, and the provinces of Antioquia, Cartagena de Indias, Casanare, Citará, Mariquita, Neiva, Nóvita, Pamplona, Riohacha, Santafé, Santa Marta, El Socorro, and Tunja. The Audiencia of Quito, despite an attempt at establishing a junta between 1809 and 1812, remained a Royalist stronghold throughout the wars of independence.

The territory of the Captaincy General of Venezuela had been part of the viceroyalty, but had become independent of it when the captaincy general was established in 1776, and therefore, never became part of the United Provinces. The Captaincy General had jurisdiction over the provinces of Coro, Cumaná, Guayana, Maracaibo, Venezuela or Caracas (central Venezuela), and Margarita Island, and it had its own audiencia and superintendency based in Caracas. After the Revolution the captaincy general established itself as a republic.

See also

• First Republic of New Granada
• Spanish reconquest of New Granada
• Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada

References

1. Democracy in Colombia: Clientelist Politics and Guerrilla Warfare by Jorge Pablo Osterling
2. , Las Ciudades Confederadas del Valle del Cauca. (Bogotá: Editorial Librería Voluntad, S.A., 1943).

Bibliography

• Gibson, William Marion (1948). The Constitutions of Colombia. Durham: Duke University Press.

v t e Gran Colombian independence
Background	Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1723), (1739-1819) Captaincy General of Venezuela (1777–1821) Peninsular War in Spain (1808–1814)
Overview	Military career of Simón Bolívar Ecuadorian War of Independence Venezuelan War of Independence
Political history	Luz de América (1809) First Republic of Venezuela (1810–12) Colombian Declaration of Independence (1810) Venezuelan Declaration of Independence (1811) United Provinces of New Granada (1811–16) Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–14) Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–19) Gran Colombia (1819–31) (Ecuador, 1830 Venezuela/Republic of New Granada, 1831)
Military history	1812–16 La Victoria (June 1812) Magdalena campaign (1812-1813) Admirable Campaign (1813: Cúcuta, February 1813 Alto de los Godos, May 1813) Araure (December 1813) Spanish reconquest of New Granada (1815–16) 1819–23 Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada (1819–20: Las Queseras del Medio, April 1819 – Vargas Swamp, July 1819 – Boyacá, August 1819) Carabobo (June 1821) Lake Maracaibo (July 1823)
Colombian figures	Antonio Nariño Benito Salas Vargas Joaquín Camacho Liborio Mejía José María Obando José Miguel Pey de Andrade Antonio Ricaurte Manuel Rodríguez Torices Francisco de Paula Santander
Venezuelan figures	Simón Bolívar Francisco de Miranda José Antonio Páez Manuel Piar José Félix Ribas Antonio José de Sucre Rafael Urdaneta Carlos Soublette Santiago Mariño Cristóbal Mendoza Mariano Montilla Pedro Camejo Juan Bautista Arismendi Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi Luis Brión José Antonio Anzoátegui
Other figures	José Tomás Boves Louis-Michel Aury Juan Manuel Cajigal Juan Domingo de Monteverde Pablo Morillo Daniel Florence O'Leary José Prudencio Padilla Miguel de la Torre
Other	Carmañola Americana (1797) Decree of War to the Death (1813)

• Colonial Colombia
• Former countries in South America
• Independence of Colombia
• Viceroyalty of New Granada
• 1810s in Colombia
• 1810 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
• 1811 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
• 1812 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
• 1813 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
• 1814 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
• 1815 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
• 1816 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
• States and territories established in 1810
• States and territories disestablished in 1816
• 1810 establishments in the Viceroyalty of New Granada
• 1816 disestablishments in the Viceroyalty of New Granada