The viscounts of Béarn (Basque: Bearno, Gascon: Bearn or Biarn) were the rulers of the viscounty of Béarn, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in southwest France. Along with the three Basque provinces of Soule, Lower Navarre, and Labourd, as well as small parts of Gascony, it forms the current département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (64).
Béarn is bordered by Basque provinces Soule and Lower Navarre to the west, by Gascony (Landes and Armagnac) to the north, by Bigorre to the east, and by Spain (Aragon) to the south.
List of Viscounts of Béarn
House of Gascony
Until 1251, probably all counts of Gascony descended from the House Gascony, head of the Duchy of Gascony.
| Ruler | Dates | Gascon line | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Centule I | ?-866 | Béarn line | Centule descended agnatically from Lupo III Centule of Gascony. |
| Loup Centule | 866-905 | Béarn line | Son of the predecessor. |
| Centule II | 905-940 | Béarn line | Son of the predecessor. |
| Gaston I | 940-984 | Béarn line | Son of the predecessor. |
| Centule III | 984-1004 | Béarn line | Son of the predecessor. |
| Gaston II | 1004-1012 | Béarn line | Son of the predecessor. |
| Centule IV the Old | 1012-1058 | Béarn line | Son of the predecessor. |
| Gaston III | c.1020-1045 | Béarn line | Ruled jointly with his father, and preceded him. |
| Centule V the Young | 1058-1090 | Béarn line | Son of Centule IV. |
| Gaston IV the Crusader | 1090-1131 | Béarn line | Son of the predecessor. |
| Centule VI | 1131-1134 | Béarn line | Son of the predecessor. |
| Guiscarda | 1134-1147 | Béarn line | Sister of the predecessor, married Peter, who descended agnatically from Sancho IV Garcés of Gascony. |
| Peter I Roger | 1134-1140? | Gabarret line | |
| Peter II | 1147-1154 | Gabarret line | Son of the predecessors |
| Gaston V | 1154-1170 | Gabarret line | Son of the predecessor |
| Mary | 1170-1171 | Gabarret line | Sister of the predecessor, married the Catalan Guilhem de Montcada. During their joint rule, other rulers appeared contesting their rule, or were merely legendary:
|
House of Montcada
- 1170–1173 : William I (married to Mary)
- 1173–1215 : Gaston VI the Good (son)
- 1215–1223 : William Raymond (brother of previous)
- 1223–1229 : William II (son)
- 1229–1290 : Gaston VII the Great (son)
- 1290–1319 : Margaret (daughter of, married Roger-Bernard III of Foix)
House of Foix
Béarn line
Main article: House of Foix-Béarn
- 1302–1315 : Gaston VIII (son of, also count of Foix)
- 1315–1343 : Gaston IX (son of, also count of Foix)
- 1343–1391 : Gaston X Phoebus (son of, also count of Foix)
- 1391–1398 : Matthew (son of Roger Bernard II, viscount of Castelbon, who was son of Roger Bernard I, viscount of Castelbon, who was younger brother of Gaston II of Foix-Béarn, also count of Foix and viscount of Castelbon)
- 1398–1428 : Isabelle (sister of, also countess of Foix and viscountess of Castelbon, married Archambaud of Grailly)
Grailly line
Main article: House of Foix-Grailly.svg)
- 1412–1436 : John I (son of, also count of Foix, viscount of Villemur and count of Bigorre)
- 1436–1472 : Gaston XI (son of, also count of Foix, viscount of Nébouzan and count of Bigorre, married Eleanor of Navarre, queen of Navarre) (References to "Gaston of Bearn" in history texts often refer to him)
- 1479–1483 : Francis Phoebus (son of Gaston of Foix, prince of Viane, also king of Navarre, count of Bigorre, count of Foix))
- 1483–1517 : Catherine (sister of, also queen of Navarre, countess of Bigorre, countess of Foix), married John of Albret, king of Navarre
In 1512 Ferdinand II of Aragon conquered the better part of the kingdom of Navarre, leaving the kingdom with only the small section it held north of the Pyrenees.
House of Albret
Main articles: County of Foix § Houses of Albret and Bourbon, and Albret.svg)
- 1517–1555 : Henry I (son of, also king of Navarre, count of Foix, duke of Albret, count of Bigorre)
- 1555–1572 : Joan (daughter of, queen of Navarre, countess of Foix, duchess of Albret, countess of Bigorre, married Anthony of Bourbon)
House of Bourbon
Main article: House of Bourbon
- 1572–1607 : Henry II (son of, also king of France, king of Navarre, duke of Bourbon, duke of Vendôme, count of Bigorre, count of Foix)
In 1620 the viscountcy of Béarn was reunited to the French crown, whereas Lower Navarre was in 1607.
References
- Pierre Tucoo-Chala (2000), Princi Negue-Librairie des Pyrénées & de Gascogne (ed.), Petite histoire du Béarn (in French), Pau, ISBN 2846180644
External links
- "L'historie du Béarn" (in French). Retrieved 12 May 2017.