Misplaced Pages

Bru language

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
(Redirected from Western Bru language) Mon–Khmer dialect continuum of Southeast Asia Not to be confused with Brao language.
Bru
Bruu
Native toLaos, Vietnam, Thailand
EthnicityBru, Katang
Native speakers(300,000 cited 1991–2006)
Language familyAustroasiatic
Writing systemLatin, Lao, Thai
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
bru – Eastern Bru
brv – Western Bru
sss – Sô
xhv – Khua
ncq – Northern Katang
sct – Southern Katang
Glottologbrou1236

Bruu (also spelled Bru, B'ru, Baru, Brou) is a Mon–Khmer dialect continuum spoken by the Bru people of mainland Southeast Asia. Sô and Khua are dialects.

Names

There are various local and dialect designations for Bru (Sidwell 2005:11).

  • So ~ Sô
  • Tri (So Tri, Chali)
  • Van Kieu
  • Leu ~ Leung (Kaleu)
  • Galler
  • Khua
  • Katang (not the same as Kataang)

Distribution

The distribution of the Bru language spreads north and northeast from Salavan, Laos, through Savannakhet, Khammouane, and Bolikhamsai, and over into neighboring Thailand and Vietnam (Sidwell 2005:11). In Vietnam, Brâu (Braò) is spoken in Đắk Mế, Bờ Y commune, Đắk Tô District, Kon Tum Province.

Dialects

Thailand has the following Western Bru dialects (Choo, et al. 2012).

The following Bru subgroups are found in Quảng Bình Province (Phan 1998).

Below is a comparative vocabulary of Vân Kiêu, Măng Coong, Tri, and Khùa from Phan (1998:479-480), with words transcribed in Vietnamese orthography.

Gloss Vân Kiêu Măng Coong Tri Khùa Vietnamese
one mui muôi một
two bar hai
three pei ba
four pon bốn
five shăng t'shăng năm
hair sok tóc
eye mat mắt
nose lyu mu mũi
sky plang giang trời
ground kute katek k'tek đất
water do nước
fish sia
bird cham chim
water buffalo trick trâu
cattle ntro tro

Phonology

Consonants

The consonant sounds in both East and West dialects consist of the following:

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive/
Affricate
voiceless p t k ʔ
aspirated
voiced b d
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Liquid rhotic r
lateral l
Fricative w s h
Approximant j
  • /w/ is typically pronounced as labiodental fricative or approximant when occurring in initial position. In final position, it is always heard as .
  • /r/ can be heard as either a trill or a tap .
  • /tʰr/ as a consonant cluster, can be phonetically heard as in the Western dialect.
  • /h/ can also be heard as a voiced glottal when a preceding a breathy vowel sound in the Western Bru dialects. It can also be heard as nasal when preceding a nasal vowel in the Western dialects.
Final consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p t k ʔ
Nasal m n ŋ
Fricative h
Rhotic r
Approximant plain w l j
aspirated
glottalized
  • Plosive sounds /p, t, k/ in final position are heard as unreleased .

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ ɨː u
Close-mid e ə əː o
Open-mid ɛ ɛː ɜ ɜː ɔ ɔː
Open a ɒ̈ ɒ̈ː
Vowels in the Western Bru dialect
Front Central Back
Close i ɯ ɯː u
Close-mid e ɤ ɤː o
Open-mid ɛ ɛː ʌ ʌː ɔ ɔː
Open a ɒ̈ ɒ̈ː

Breathy vowels

Vowel sounds may also be distinguished using breathy voice:

Breathy vowels
Front Central Back
Close i̤ː ɨ̤ ɨ̤ː ṳː
Close-mid e̤ː ə̤ ə̤ː o̤ː
Open-mid ɛ̤ ɛ̤ː ɜ̤ ɜ̤ː ɔ̤ ɔ̤ː
Open a̤ː ɒ̤̈ ɒ̤̈ː
Breathy vowels in the Western Bru dialect
Front Central Back
Close i̤ː ɯ̤ ɯ̤ː ṳː
Close-mid e̤ː ɤ̤ ɤ̤ː o̤ː
Open-mid ɛ̤ ɛ̤ː ʌ̤ ʌ̤ː ɔ̤ ɔ̤ː
Open a̤ː ɒ̤̈ ɒ̤̈ː

Nasal vowels

Nasal vowel sounds may occur in the Western Bru dialect:

Nasal vowels in the Western Bru dialect
Front Central Back
Close ĩː ɯ̃ ũ ũː
Open-mid ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː ʌ̃ː ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː
Open ã ãː ɒ̈̃ ɒ̈̃ː

References

  1. Eastern Bru at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Western Bru at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Khua at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Northern Katang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Southern Katang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. "Mon-Khmer Classification (Draft)".
  3. Lê Bá Thảo, Hoàng Ma, et al.; Viện hàn lâm khoa học xã hội Việt Nam - Viện dân tộc học. 2014. Các dân tộc ít người ở Việt Nam: các tỉnh phía nam. Ha Noi: Nhà xuất bản khoa học xã hội. ISBN 978-604-90-2436-8
  4. Engelkemier, Jennifer M. (2010). Aspects of Bru Khok Sa-at grammar based on narrative texts (PDF) (M.A. thesis). Payap University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
  5. ^ Phan Hữu Dật. 1998. "Về tên gọi các tộc người nói ngôn ngữ Môn-Miên ở miền tây tỉnh Quảng Bình." In Một số vấn đề về dân tộc học Việt Nam, p.476-482. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Đại Học Quốc Gia Hà Nội.
  6. Miller, Carolyn P. (2017). Eastern Bru Grammar Sketch. SIL Language and Culture Archives.
  7. Thongkum, Theraphan L. (1980). "The distribution of the sounds of Bruu". Mon-Khmer Studies. 8: 221–293.

Further reading

External links

Languages of Laos
Official language
Indigenous
languages
Austroasiatic
Bahnaric
Katuic
Khmuic
Palaungic
Vietic
Austronesian
Hmong–Mien
Sino-Tibetan
Kra–Dai
Main foreign languages
Sign languages
flag Laos portal
Languages of Thailand
Official language
Other Thais
Lao–Phutai
Chiang Saen
Sukhothai
Northwestern
Minority
by languages groups
Austroasiatic
Austronesian
Hmong-Mien
Sino-Tibetan
Non-Indigenous
Immigrant language
Working language
Sign languages
Languages of Vietnam
Official language
Indigenous
languages
Austroasiatic
Bahnaric
Katuic
Khmer
Vietic
Other
Austronesian
Hmong-Mien
Sino-Tibetan
Kra-Dai
Foreign languages
Vietnamese sign languages
Austroasiatic languages
Bahnaric
North
West
Central
South
Others
Katuic
West
Katu
Others
Vietic
Viet-Muong
Chut
Kri
Phong–Liha
Others
Khmuic
Phay-Pram
Others
Pearic
Western
(Chong)
Central
Southern
Others
Khasi–
Palaungic
Khasic
Khasi-Pnar-Lyngngam
Others
Palaungic
West
East
Angkuic
Waic
Bit-Khang
Lamet
Others
Munda
North
Kherwarian
Mundaric
Santalic
South
Sora-Gorum
Gutob-Remo
Others
Nicobarese
Chaura-Teresa
Central
Southern
Aslian
Jahaic (Northern)
Senoic (Central)
Semelaic (Southern)
Others
Others
Proto-
languages
Categories: