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| '''Quantum immortality''' is the ] ] speculation deriving from the ] ] that states the ] of ] implies that ] beings are ]. | |||
| ==Explanation of the thought experiment== | |||
| Imagine that a physicist detonates a ] beside himself. In almost all ]s, the nuclear explosion will vaporize the physicist. However, there should be a small ] of alternative universes in which the physicist somehow survives (i.e. the set of universes which support a "miraculous" survival scenario). The idea behind quantum immortality is that the physicist will remain alive in, and thus remain able to experience, at least one of the universes in this set, even though these universes form a tiny subset of all possible universes. Over time the physicist would therefore never perceive his or her own ]. | |||
| Another example is one provided by ], where a physicist sits in front of a gun which is triggered, or not triggered, by radioactive decay. With each run of the experiment there is a fifty-fifty chance that the gun will be triggered and the physicist will die. If the ] is correct, then the gun will eventually be triggered and the physicist will die. If the ] is correct, then at each run of the experiment the physicist will be split into one or more worlds in which he lives and one or more worlds in which he dies. In the worlds where the physicist dies, his consciousness will cease to exist. However, from the point of view of the physicist, the experiment will continue running without his ceasing to exist, because at each branch, he will only be able to observe the result in the world in which he survives, and if many-worlds is correct, the physicist will notice that he never seems to die, therefore "proving" himself to be immortal, at least from his own point of view. | |||
| ==Required assumptions and controversy== | |||
| Proponents point out that while it is highly speculative, quantum immortality (QI) violates no known laws of ] assuming two controversial assumptions are true: | |||
| # The many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics is the correct one, as opposed to the ], which does not necessarily indicate the existence of parallel universes. | |||
| # All of the possible scenarios in which the proposed physicist (or any entity being argued about in the thought experiment) can die support at least a small subset of survival scenarios. | |||
| A potential criticism of the theory is that the second assumption is not a necessary consequence of the many-worlds interpretation and may require the violation of laws that are still thought to be conserved across ''all'' possible realities. The many-worlds interpretation of quantum physics does not necessarily imply that everything is possible, only that all outcomes of quantum processes that ''are'' possible will branch off from any given instant in time. Most physical laws of the universe still cannot be broken — for example, the ] is still considered to be conserved in all probabilities, theoretically preventing a parallel universe in which this law is violated from ever branching off. This has implications that, from the point of view of the physicist, it is possible to reach a particular configuration of reality where the physicist's survival actually becomes impossible, because a survival scenario in that reality would at that point require a violation of a law of the universe that is not considered to be transgressible in ''any'' possible reality. | |||
| For example, in the nuclear-bomb scenario above, once the physicist has perceived the flash of ] from the bomb's detonation, it is difficult to effectively describe a scenario in which the physicist continues living that does not violate basic biological principles. Living ]s simply cannot remain alive at the temperatures found at the core of a ] under any known subsets of modern science. For quantum immortality to be true, either the bomb would have to misfire (or otherwise not ]) or an event would have to take place which made use of scientific principles that are not yet proven or discovered. Another example is natural biological death from old age, which may not be escapable in any parallel universe (at least without more advanced technology than is currently known). | |||
| Although quantum immortality is motivated by the ] thought experiment, ], one of the inventors of this experiment, has stated that he does not believe that quantum immortality is a consequence of his work. He argues that under any sort of normal conditions, before someone dies they undergo a period of diminishment of consciousness, a non-quantum decline (which can be anywhere from seconds to minutes to years), and hence there is no way of establishing a continuous existence from this world to an alternate one in which the person continues to exist. | |||
| Also, the philosopher ], in "How Many Lives Has ]", remarked that in the vast majority of the worlds in which an immortal observer might find herself (i.e. the subset of quantum-possible worlds in which the observer does not die), she will survive, but will be terribly maimed. This is because in each of the scenarios typically given in thought experiments (nuclear bombing, Russian roulette, etc.), for every world in which the observer survives unscathed, there are likely to be far more worlds in which the observer survives terribly disfigured, badly disabled, and so on. It is for this reason, Lewis concludes, that we ought to hope that the many-worlds interpretation is false. | |||
| ==Fictional depictions== | |||
| The ] novel '']'' explores topics related to quantum immortality. | |||
| Other science fiction stories exploring these and related ideas include "]" by ], and "]" by ]. | |||
| ]'s short story '']'' has a philosopher arguing the principle with Death, who has come for him. | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * by ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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