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| {{See also|Nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary}} | |||
| '''''{{lang|la|Natio Hungarica}}''''' ('Hungarian nation') is a ] phrase used as a medieval and early modern era geographic, institutional and juridico-political category in Kingdom of Hungary without any ethnic connotation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/transy05.htm|title = Transylvania - the Roots of Ethnic Conflict}}</ref> The medieval ''Natio Hungarica'' consisted only the members of the ], which was composed of the ], ] clergy, and a limited number of enfranchised ] (regardless of their real ethnicity and mother tongue). The same term was extended later to denominate the whole elite with the corporate political rights of parliamentary representation in the ] — the Roman Catholic prelates, all magnates, and all nobles. The other important—and more numerous—component of ''Natio Hungarica'' was the noble members of the county assemblies in the county seats, Kingdom of Hungary had 72 counties. The noble assemblies of the counties elected most of the envoys (members) of the parliament. Those who had no direct participation in the political life on national (parliamentary) or local (counties) level (like the common people of the cities, towns, or the peasantry of the villages) were not considered part of the ''Natio Hungarica''. This medieval convention was also adopted officially in the ] of 1711 and the ]; remained until 1848, when the privileges of the ] were abolished; and thereafter acquired a sense of ].<ref>John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, ''Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire'', Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, {{ISBN|978-0-684-31359-7}}</ref><ref>Tadayuki Hayashi, Hiroshi Fukuda, ''Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: past and present'', Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2007, p. 158, {{ISBN|978-4-938637-43-9}}</ref><ref>Katerina Zacharia, ''Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity'', Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 {{ISBN|978-0-7546-6525-0}}</ref> | |||
| In the modern era, ''Natio Hungarica'' is a concept in ]. | |||
| ==Middle ages== | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| The Clergy, the Nobility and the Counties and Cities formed the so-called "Hungarian nation" or '''Natio Hungarica''' in the political sense in ],<ref>Slovak Institute (Cleveland, Ohio), , Slovak Institute, 1984, p. 29</ref> irrespective of their ethnic background.<ref name=Ludanyi>{{cite book | |||
| ⚫ | * ] | ||
| |last1 = Ludanyi | |||
| |first1 = Andrew | |||
| |last2=Cadzow | |||
| |first2=John F. | |||
| |last3=Elteto | |||
| |first3=Louis J. | |||
| |authorlink = | |||
| |title= Transylvania, THE ROOTS OF ETHNIC CONFLICT | |||
| |chapter = The Multiethnic Character of the Hungarian Kingdom in the Later Middle Ages; THE NATIO HUNGARICA, by L.S. DOMONKOS | |||
| |publisher = ] | |||
| |series = | |||
| |year = 1983 | |||
| |doi = | |||
| |isbn = 0-87338-283-8 | |||
| |ref=harv | |||
| |url=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/ | |||
| |chapterurl=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/transy05.htm }}</ref> The Latin term, Natio Hungarica referred only to those groups with the right to representation in the diet: the ], the ] clergy, and a few enfranchised burghers.<ref>John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7</ref> The term included only the land-owning nobility and not the peasantry.<ref>Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-754-66525-0</ref> The Hungarian Kingdom was not a ] in the modern sense of the word,<ref name=Ludanyi/> but a ], inhabited by ], ], ], ], ], ] and ], in which the ] held the dominant position.<ref name=Ludanyi/> This situation was not unique as the ] does not offer examples of nation states.<ref name=Ludanyi/> An individual belonged to the "Hungarian Nation" if he or she resided under the authority of the ], in the ].<ref name=Ludanyi/> | |||
| ==Modern ages== | |||
| Natio Hungarica began to mean the privileged group that had corporate political rights of parliamentary representation, i.e. the prelates, the magnates and the nobles. The Natio Hungarica made no ethnic distinctions. This conception was accepted in ] of 1711 and in the ] of 1722; it remained valid until 1848. ] indirectly demanded that all people (including peasants) living in the Kingdom of Hungary have their own representatives in the Diet. He indicated thenew constitutional subjectthat is all the peoples in the Kingdom of Hungary should become the Natio Hungarica. This involved the amendment of the meaning of the traditional class concept Natio Hungarica and the extension of its frame to all the peoples in the Hungarian Kingdom. His attempt at the transformation of all the peoples in kingdom into Natio Hungarica constituted an attempt at the transformation of all ] in Hungarian Kingdom into Natio Hungarica. Thus, the extension of its frame to all the nationalities involved the notion that a Hungarian political nation should consist of the Magyars, the Romanians, the Croats, the Serbs, the Ruthenians, the Germans and the Slovaks as nationalities.Štúr initiated the formation of a Hungarian political nation consisting of many nationalities, which was different from the Hungarian nation formed only by Magyars through ]. ] had already identified the historical-political rights of king and corporations in the Kingdom of Hungary with the national rights of the | |||
| Magyars.<ref>http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publish/no15_ses/09_nakazawa.pdf Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: Past and Present. 20007. Tadayuki Hayashi and Fukuda Hiroshi</ref> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| <references /> | |||
| ===Notes=== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| <!--spacing--> | |||
| ===Further reading=== | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |last = Maxwell | |||
| |first = Alexander | |||
| |authorlink = | |||
| |title = Multiple Nationalism: National Concepts in Nineteenth-Century Hungary and Benedict Anderson's “Imagined Communities | |||
| |publisher = | |||
| |series = Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Volume 11, Issue 3 | |||
| |year = 2005 | |||
| |doi = 10.1080/13537110500255619 | |||
| |isbn =}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Kingdom Of Hungary In The Middle Ages}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 13:05, 1 December 2021
Natio Hungarica ('Hungarian nation') is a Latin phrase used as a medieval and early modern era geographic, institutional and juridico-political category in Kingdom of Hungary without any ethnic connotation. The medieval Natio Hungarica consisted only the members of the Hungarian Parliament, which was composed of the nobility, Roman Catholic clergy, and a limited number of enfranchised burghers (regardless of their real ethnicity and mother tongue). The same term was extended later to denominate the whole elite with the corporate political rights of parliamentary representation in the early modern period — the Roman Catholic prelates, all magnates, and all nobles. The other important—and more numerous—component of Natio Hungarica was the noble members of the county assemblies in the county seats, Kingdom of Hungary had 72 counties. The noble assemblies of the counties elected most of the envoys (members) of the parliament. Those who had no direct participation in the political life on national (parliamentary) or local (counties) level (like the common people of the cities, towns, or the peasantry of the villages) were not considered part of the Natio Hungarica. This medieval convention was also adopted officially in the Treaty of Szatmár of 1711 and the Pragmatic Sanction of 1723; remained until 1848, when the privileges of the Hungarian nobility were abolished; and thereafter acquired a sense of ethnic nationalism.
In the modern era, Natio Hungarica is a concept in Hungarian nationalism.
See also
References
- "Transylvania - the Roots of Ethnic Conflict".
- John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7
- Tadayuki Hayashi, Hiroshi Fukuda, Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: past and present, Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, 2007, p. 158, ISBN 978-4-938637-43-9
- Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-7546-6525-0