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Amino acids are chiral compounds that are present in living organisms as free compounds or as polymers such as peptides or proteins. The 20 L-Amino acids present in proteins and peptides are defined as ]. About 500 amino acids are known and have been classified in many ways base on their chemical/physical properties.<ref>{{cite journal |title = New Naturally Occurring Amino Acids|vauthors = Wagner I, Musso H|doi = 10.1002/anie.198308161|journal = ]|volume = 22|issue = 11|pages = 816–28|date = November 1983}}{{Closed access}}</ref>

All α-amino acids (AA) but glycine exist in either of the two enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other (the so called D- and L-enantiomers).

Although present in a less concentration in mammals, free D-amino acids play central roles: as an example D-serine is one of the main neuromodulators of the glutamatergic neurotransmission and D-aspartate is fundamental for brain development in fetus.
<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Katane M, Homma H | title = D-aspartate oxidase: the sole catabolic enzyme acting on free D-aspartate in mammals.| journal = Chem Biodivers. | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 1435–49 | date = Jun 2010 | pmid = 20564562 | doi = 10.1002/cbdv.200900250 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mothet JP, Parent AT, Wolosker H, Brady RO, Linden DJ, Ferris CD, Rogawski MA, Snyder SH | title = D-serine is an endogenous ligand for the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 97 | issue = 9 | pages = 4926–31 | date = Apr 2000 | pmid = 10781100 | pmc = 18334 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.97.9.4926 | bibcode = 2000PNAS...97.4926M }}</ref>

==References==
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== External links ==
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{{Amino acids}}
{{Protein primary structure}}
{{Amino acid metabolism enzymes}}
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