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| Roland Boyd Scott (April 18, 1909 – December 10, 2002) was |
'''Roland Boyd Scott''' (April 18, 1909 – December 10, 2002) was an American sickle cell researcher and pediatrician, frequently cited as a leading authority on ].<ref name=lancet>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(03)12764-X/fulltext|doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12764-X|title = Roland B Scott|year = 2003|last1 = Oransky|first1 = Ivan|journal = The Lancet|volume = 361|issue = 9361|page = 973|s2cid = 54402826}}</ref> Scott authored a key paper in 1948 describing the incidence of sickle cell disease in infants which eventually led to the establishment of routine screening tests for newborns.<ref name=lancet/> He established the ] Center for Sickle Cell Disease, was chairman of the pediatrics department at Howard University, lobbied Congress to pass the Sickle Cell Anemia Control Act of 1971, and authored over 250 academic publications on allergy, growth and development, and sickle cell disease.<ref name=lancet/> | ||
| == Early life and education == | == Early life and education == | ||
| Roland Boyd Scott was born on April 18, 1909 in ]. Later his family moved to ], where Scott completed high school in 1927.<ref name=blackpast>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/scott-roland-1909-2002/|title = Roland Scott (1909-2002) |
Roland Boyd Scott was born on April 18, 1909 in ]. Later his family moved to ], where Scott completed high school in 1927.<ref name=blackpast>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/scott-roland-1909-2002/|title = Roland Scott (1909-2002)|date = 22 December 2018}}</ref> He chose to study at ], despite also being accepted at the ], as his mother believed the predominantly African-American Howard would provide a more comfortable social environment for him.<ref name=thedig>{{Cite web|url=https://thedig.howard.edu/all-stories/howard-university-salutes-black-history-legend-dr-roland-b-scott-pioneering-sickle-cell-researcher|title = Howard University Salutes Black History Legend: Dr. Roland B. Scott, Pioneering Sickle Cell Researcher}}</ref> Scott studied chemistry and then began medical studies after completing his BS degree. Scott decided to focus on pediatrics, influenced by Alonzo DeGrate Smith, professor of pediatrics in the medical school. He conducted his earliest research into nutritional diseases, including a study of ] and the use of ] to treat it. Scott completed his study of medicine at Howard in 1934, graduating with an ] degree.<ref>Adam Bernstein, “Roland B. Scott Dies: Sickle Cell Researcher,” The Washington Post, December 12, 2002, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2002/12/12/roland-b-scott-dies/dfcf2c42-3e5f-427f-be38-9ae965534e47</ref> | ||
| == Professional career == | == Professional career == | ||
| Scott completed his internship in Kansas City, Missouri. Despite the limited interest at the time in the specialty, he decided to focus on a residency in pediatrics and spent four years as a pediatric resident and fellow in Chicago at Provident Hospital, Cook County Hospital, and the Municipal Hospital for Contagious Diseases.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/14/us/roland-b-scott-93-pediatrician-and-expert-on-sickle-cell-disease.html|title = Roland B. Scott, 93, Pediatrician and Expert on Sickle Cell Disease|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 14 December 2002|last1 = Leary|first1 = Warren E.}}</ref> Scott passed the examination of the American Board of Pediatrics in 1939. After completing his postgraduate training in pediatrics in Chicago, he returned to Howard and joined the faculty. Scott was one of the first two black physicians in the United States to be admitted to membership in the American Academy of Pediatrics, after initially being rejected because of race and having to reapply.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/20/health/pediatrics-medicine-racial-discrimination.html|title = Pediatrics Group Offers 'Long Overdue' Apology for Racist Past|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 20 August 2020|last1 = Goldberg|first1 = Emma}}</ref> Scott was also the first black physician to become a member of the American Pediatric Society and the Society for Pediatric Research. | Scott completed his internship in Kansas City, Missouri. Despite the limited interest at the time in the specialty, he decided to focus on a residency in pediatrics and spent four years as a pediatric resident and fellow in Chicago at ], ], and the Municipal Hospital for Contagious Diseases.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/14/us/roland-b-scott-93-pediatrician-and-expert-on-sickle-cell-disease.html|title = Roland B. Scott, 93, Pediatrician and Expert on Sickle Cell Disease|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 14 December 2002|last1 = Leary|first1 = Warren E.}}</ref> Scott passed the examination of the ] in 1939. After completing his postgraduate training in pediatrics in Chicago, he returned to Howard and joined the faculty. Scott was one of the first two black physicians in the United States to be admitted to membership in the American Academy of Pediatrics, after initially being rejected because of race and having to reapply.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/20/health/pediatrics-medicine-racial-discrimination.html|title = Pediatrics Group Offers 'Long Overdue' Apology for Racist Past|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 20 August 2020|last1 = Goldberg|first1 = Emma}}</ref> Scott was also the first black physician to become a member of the American Pediatric Society and the Society for Pediatric Research.{{cn}} | ||
| By 1939, Scott was married and had a child. Since at that time an assistant professor of pediatrics at Howard University was paid $3,000 per year, Scott negotiated a special arrangement whereby he was allowed to also work part-time as a pediatric consultant.<ref>https://www.encyclopedia.com/african-american-focus/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/scott-roland-b</ref> During this part-time work at Freedmen's Hospital, he saw that most parents of children admitted with sickle cell anemia lacked awareness of the disease. He saw many children die from its complications and in 1948 he began writing about the condition. Scott published a number of articles describing the clinical findings of sickle cell disease in infants and children. Working with a team from his clinic, he prepared exhibits on the sickle cell disease that were presented at medical meetings throughout the USA and also overseas.<ref name=thedig/> In 1948 Scott published a report on the incidence of red cell sickling in newborn infants which helped to change the modern understanding of the disease and would eventually lead to the implementation of newborn screening tests that are now standard practice. | By 1939, Scott was married and had a child. Since at that time an assistant professor of pediatrics at Howard University was paid $3,000 per year, Scott negotiated a special arrangement whereby he was allowed to also work part-time as a pediatric consultant.<ref>https://www.encyclopedia.com/african-american-focus/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/scott-roland-b</ref> During this part-time work at Freedmen's Hospital, he saw that most parents of children admitted with sickle cell anemia lacked awareness of the disease. He saw many children die from its complications and in 1948 he began writing about the condition. Scott published a number of articles describing the clinical findings of sickle cell disease in infants and children. Working with a team from his clinic, he prepared exhibits on the sickle cell disease that were presented at medical meetings throughout the USA and also overseas.<ref name=thedig/> In 1948 Scott published a report on the incidence of red cell sickling in newborn infants which helped to change the modern understanding of the disease and would eventually lead to the implementation of newborn screening tests that are now standard practice. Initially, the disease was seen as affecting only African-Americans and there was little financial support available for studying it. Scott showed that the disease also occurs in the Mediterranean, South America and the Middle-East, and in people from those regions.<ref name=nature>https://www.nature.com/articles/pr1991248.pdf?origin=ppub</ref> In 1945, Scott was appointed to the role of acting director of pediatrics, which was still a division of the Department of Medicine. In 1949, Scott was instrumental in turning the pediatric division into a full department, of which he became Chairman. He remained as head of pediatrics for twenty-eight years.<ref name=blackpast/> | ||
| Initially, the disease was seen as affecting only African-Americans and there was little financial support available for studying it. Scott showed that the disease also occurs in the Mediterranean, South America and the Middle-East, and in people from those regions.<ref name=nature>https://www.nature.com/articles/pr1991248.pdf?origin=ppub</ref> In 1945, Scott was appointed to the role of acting director of pediatrics, which was still a division of the Department of Medicine. In 1949, Scott was instrumental in turning the pediatric division into a full department, of which he became Chairman. He remained as head of pediatrics for twenty-eight years.<ref name=blackpast/> | |||
| In 1950, Scott took a sabbatical to study allergic diseases at Roosevelt Hospital in New York City. Upon his return to Howard, he started allergy clinics for children at D.C. General and Freedmen's Hospitals. Scott became board certified in both allergy and clinical immunology. In 1971, Congress passed the Sickle Cell Control Act that Scott and others were instrumental in lobbying for.<ref name=lancet/> Following the act, increasing funding was made available from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for studying and treating sickle cell disease. Soon after, a grant was awarded to establish the Howard University Center for Sickle Cell Disease, as one of ten centers |
In 1950, Scott took a sabbatical to study allergic diseases at ] in New York City. Upon his return to Howard, he started allergy clinics for children at D.C. General and Freedmen's Hospitals. Scott became board certified in both allergy and clinical immunology. In 1971, Congress passed the Sickle Cell Control Act that Scott and others were instrumental in lobbying for.<ref name=lancet/> Following the act, increasing funding was made available from the ] (NIH) for studying and treating sickle cell disease. Soon after, a grant was awarded to establish the Howard University Center for Sickle Cell Disease, as one of ten centers created to ensure more productive research and more effective clinical treatment for patients. Scott was the director of the Howard University Center for Sickle Cell Disease from its creation in 1971 until his retirement in 1990.<ref name=blackpast/> | ||
| Scott authored or co-authored more than 250 scientific publications.<ref name=nature |
Scott authored or co-authored more than 250 scientific publications.<ref name=nature/> Scott was interviewed by Carl Pochedly of the American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, and mentioned coping with racism in the United States as a significant and lifelong problem.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} | ||
| == Personal life == | == Personal life == | ||
| In 1935, he married Sarah Rosetta Weaver. They had three children |
In 1935, he married Sarah Rosetta Weaver. They had three children. Scott died on December 10, 2002 at the age of 93 of congestive heart failure at the Washington Adventist Hospital in Washington, D.C.<ref name=lancet/> | ||
| == Awards == | == Awards == | ||
| Scott received |
Scott received the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Jacobi Award for his pioneering work on sickle cell anemia,<ref name=lancet/> the pioneer in sickle cell research award from the Advisory Board of the Comprehensive Center for Sickle Cell Disease of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, as well as a special award from the National Sickle Cell Disease Program for "leadership and pioneering efforts in directing national and international attention to sickle cell disease."{{cn}} | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 12:41, 7 March 2022
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Roland Boyd Scott (April 18, 1909 – December 10, 2002) was an American sickle cell researcher and pediatrician, frequently cited as a leading authority on sickle cell disease. Scott authored a key paper in 1948 describing the incidence of sickle cell disease in infants which eventually led to the establishment of routine screening tests for newborns. He established the Howard University Center for Sickle Cell Disease, was chairman of the pediatrics department at Howard University, lobbied Congress to pass the Sickle Cell Anemia Control Act of 1971, and authored over 250 academic publications on allergy, growth and development, and sickle cell disease.
Early life and education
Roland Boyd Scott was born on April 18, 1909 in Houston, Texas. Later his family moved to Kansas City, Missouri, where Scott completed high school in 1927. He chose to study at Howard University, despite also being accepted at the University of Chicago, as his mother believed the predominantly African-American Howard would provide a more comfortable social environment for him. Scott studied chemistry and then began medical studies after completing his BS degree. Scott decided to focus on pediatrics, influenced by Alonzo DeGrate Smith, professor of pediatrics in the medical school. He conducted his earliest research into nutritional diseases, including a study of rickets and the use of vitamin D to treat it. Scott completed his study of medicine at Howard in 1934, graduating with an MD degree.
Professional career
Scott completed his internship in Kansas City, Missouri. Despite the limited interest at the time in the specialty, he decided to focus on a residency in pediatrics and spent four years as a pediatric resident and fellow in Chicago at Provident Hospital, Cook County Hospital, and the Municipal Hospital for Contagious Diseases. Scott passed the examination of the American Board of Pediatrics in 1939. After completing his postgraduate training in pediatrics in Chicago, he returned to Howard and joined the faculty. Scott was one of the first two black physicians in the United States to be admitted to membership in the American Academy of Pediatrics, after initially being rejected because of race and having to reapply. Scott was also the first black physician to become a member of the American Pediatric Society and the Society for Pediatric Research.
By 1939, Scott was married and had a child. Since at that time an assistant professor of pediatrics at Howard University was paid $3,000 per year, Scott negotiated a special arrangement whereby he was allowed to also work part-time as a pediatric consultant. During this part-time work at Freedmen's Hospital, he saw that most parents of children admitted with sickle cell anemia lacked awareness of the disease. He saw many children die from its complications and in 1948 he began writing about the condition. Scott published a number of articles describing the clinical findings of sickle cell disease in infants and children. Working with a team from his clinic, he prepared exhibits on the sickle cell disease that were presented at medical meetings throughout the USA and also overseas. In 1948 Scott published a report on the incidence of red cell sickling in newborn infants which helped to change the modern understanding of the disease and would eventually lead to the implementation of newborn screening tests that are now standard practice. Initially, the disease was seen as affecting only African-Americans and there was little financial support available for studying it. Scott showed that the disease also occurs in the Mediterranean, South America and the Middle-East, and in people from those regions. In 1945, Scott was appointed to the role of acting director of pediatrics, which was still a division of the Department of Medicine. In 1949, Scott was instrumental in turning the pediatric division into a full department, of which he became Chairman. He remained as head of pediatrics for twenty-eight years.
In 1950, Scott took a sabbatical to study allergic diseases at Roosevelt Hospital in New York City. Upon his return to Howard, he started allergy clinics for children at D.C. General and Freedmen's Hospitals. Scott became board certified in both allergy and clinical immunology. In 1971, Congress passed the Sickle Cell Control Act that Scott and others were instrumental in lobbying for. Following the act, increasing funding was made available from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for studying and treating sickle cell disease. Soon after, a grant was awarded to establish the Howard University Center for Sickle Cell Disease, as one of ten centers created to ensure more productive research and more effective clinical treatment for patients. Scott was the director of the Howard University Center for Sickle Cell Disease from its creation in 1971 until his retirement in 1990.
Scott authored or co-authored more than 250 scientific publications. Scott was interviewed by Carl Pochedly of the American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, and mentioned coping with racism in the United States as a significant and lifelong problem.
Personal life
In 1935, he married Sarah Rosetta Weaver. They had three children. Scott died on December 10, 2002 at the age of 93 of congestive heart failure at the Washington Adventist Hospital in Washington, D.C.
Awards
Scott received the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Jacobi Award for his pioneering work on sickle cell anemia, the pioneer in sickle cell research award from the Advisory Board of the Comprehensive Center for Sickle Cell Disease of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, as well as a special award from the National Sickle Cell Disease Program for "leadership and pioneering efforts in directing national and international attention to sickle cell disease."
References
- ^ Oransky, Ivan (2003). "Roland B Scott". The Lancet. 361 (9361): 973. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12764-X. S2CID 54402826.
- ^ "Roland Scott (1909-2002)". 22 December 2018.
- ^ "Howard University Salutes Black History Legend: Dr. Roland B. Scott, Pioneering Sickle Cell Researcher".
- Adam Bernstein, “Roland B. Scott Dies: Sickle Cell Researcher,” The Washington Post, December 12, 2002, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2002/12/12/roland-b-scott-dies/dfcf2c42-3e5f-427f-be38-9ae965534e47
- Leary, Warren E. (14 December 2002). "Roland B. Scott, 93, Pediatrician and Expert on Sickle Cell Disease". The New York Times.
- Goldberg, Emma (20 August 2020). "Pediatrics Group Offers 'Long Overdue' Apology for Racist Past". The New York Times.
- https://www.encyclopedia.com/african-american-focus/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/scott-roland-b
- ^ https://www.nature.com/articles/pr1991248.pdf?origin=ppub
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