| Revision as of 04:17, 31 May 2022 editMr248 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users1,865 edits Adding short description: "Social group of Turkey"Tag: Shortdesc helper← Previous edit | Revision as of 23:37, 21 July 2022 edit undoAloisnebegn (talk | contribs)123 edits Everything said in this article is fake and made up by pseudo-intellectuals simply following a political agenda. All countries there are different ways of living and cultural differences between different groups, there is not a such culture war in turkey and no one is aware of such terminology.Tags: Replaced Reverted Visual editNext edit → | ||
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| {{Short description|Social group of Turkey}} | |||
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| '''White Turks''' ({{lang-tr|Beyaz Türkler}}) is a term used in ] for the ] population that embraced or directly benefited from Turkey’s modernization, and whose interests have in turn gradually detached from the plight of the greater rural and conservative population. They are often generalized as embracing values such as ], ] enlightenment, ] and ]. White Turks are in contrast to the so-called '''Black Turks''' (]: ''Kara Türkler'' or ''Siyah Türkler''), a name for the conservative, Islamic, and typically less privileged among the originally ] ] population.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Ramm|first=Christoph|date=2016-12-01|title=Beyond 'Black Turks' and 'White Turks' – The Turkish Elites' Ongoing Mission to Civilize a Colourful Society|journal=Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques|language=en|volume=70|issue=4|pages=1355–1385|doi=10.1515/asia-2016-0035|s2cid=21750302|issn=2235-5871|url=https://boris.unibe.ch/89367/1/Ramm%20Beyond%20%E2%80%98Black%20Turks%E2%80%99%20and%20%E2%80%98White%20Turks%E2%80%99%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Turkish%20Elites%E2%80%99%20Ongoing%20Mission%20to%20Civilize%20a%20Colourful%20Society%20Asiatische%20Studien%204-2016.pdf}}</ref> The two terms are related to the emergence of a middle class since the end of the 20th century, and is an expression of elite consciousness and also a contempt for a section of the population which is seen as backwards.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} Civilizing efforts had been part of the imagination of all Turkish elites since the ] reforms.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| ] describes the dichotomy between white and black Turks as "an extraordinary ] over what it means to be a Turk":<blockquote>The battle — waged in ] but also in life’s daily minutiae — has become, literally, black and white. In one corner are “white Turks,” who revere the republic’s founder, ], and his mission to remake Turkey in Europe’s image — ], ], purged of its ] legacies. In the other corner are “black Turks,” conservative Muslims who, in a mostly ] nation, were marginalized for decades, excluded from the Turkish elite — until, in 2003, ] became a populist ] and began what many black Turks consider a healthy rebalancing and many white Turks, the ] or, worse, revenge.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/01/world/europe/01iht-currents01.html|title=In Turkey, Forging a New Identity|last=Giridharadas|first=Anand|date=2012-11-30|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141649/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/01/world/europe/01iht-currents01.html|archive-date=2018-04-08|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref></blockquote>] often describes himself as a black Turk.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/turkey-s-powerful-prime-minister-who-can-challenge-erdogan-a-495683-2.html|title=Turkey's Powerful Prime Minister: Who Can Challenge Erdogan?|last=Mayr|first=Walter|date=2007-07-16|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=2018-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006231857/http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/turkey-s-powerful-prime-minister-who-can-challenge-erdogan-a-495683-2.html|archive-date=2017-10-06}}</ref> The term was also used by 2018 presidential candidate ] to describe himself, claiming that Erdoğan was no longer a black Turk.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/993799/ince__Erdogan_Beyaz_Turk__ben_Turkiye_nin_zencisiyim.html|title=İnce: Erdoğan Beyaz Türk, ben Türkiye'nin zencisiyim|date=2018-06-10|work=Cumhuriyet|access-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612025658/http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/993799/ince__Erdogan_Beyaz_Turk__ben_Turkiye_nin_zencisiyim.html|archive-date=2018-06-12}}</ref> | |||
| In an ] approach to the conceptual pair, ] wrote in his book "Türk Usulü Başarı" that, among other things, black Turks listen to ] and ], while white Turks prefer western music and ]; black Turks have ], while white Turks choose their own partners; white Turks meet at airports, while black Turks use bus terminals.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Türk Usulü Başarı|last=Sekmen|first=Mümin|publisher=Arıtan Yayınevi|year=2000|isbn=9789753167185|location=]|pages=269–270}}</ref> | |||
| ] of ] considers himself a white Turk and generalizes the group as follows: {{quote|"They live mainly in coastal regions, are sensitive when it comes to ], they drink alcohol, have a high purchasing power, a western lifestyle and the women do not wear ]".{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}}} He also stated in 2014 that under the current rule of the ], white Turks have become the new oppressed group in Turkey after ] and ], and that the increasingly marginalized white Turks must "learn to fight by defending their lifestyles."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ensonhaber.com/ozkok-yeni-ezilen-kesim-beyaz-turkler-2014-04-05.html|title=Özkök: Yeni ezilen kesim Beyaz Türkler|date=2014-04-05|website=Ensonhaber|language=tr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040200/http://www.ensonhaber.com/ozkok-yeni-ezilen-kesim-beyaz-turkler-2014-04-05.html|archive-date=2014-04-08|access-date=2018-04-08}}</ref> | |||
| == Origins == | |||
| These terms are believed to have originally been coined by the late journalist {{Interlanguage link|Ufuk Güldemir|tr||WD=}} in his 1992 book "Teksas ]". The term "white Turks" was meant to be analogous to the American ],{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} and was used to describe an old elite who opposed the then-Prime Minister ] because of his Kurdish origin, religiousness and lack of ] service. The term was subsequently taken up by sociologist ] and popularized by Turkish columnists, journalists and political scientists who used it to refer to various social groups in Turkey. | |||
| == Grey Turks == | |||
| Some observers, such as ] and ], also note the emergence of a third group of "Grey Turks", who are urbanized, well-educated and enjoy western music and films, but are pious Muslims. Some use the term to refer to the aspiring black Turks that climbed the socio-economic ladder during the ] era and gained momentum during the ]'s current rule.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=288628|title=A new class of Hybrid Turks emerging between White and Black Turks|last=Akarçeşme|first=Sevgi|date=2012-08-05|website=Today's Zaman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807205110/http://www.todayszaman.com:80/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=288628|archive-date=2012-08-07}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| *{{cite web|url=https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1038777/index.pdf|title=White vs Black Turks: The Civilizing Process in Turkey in the 1990s|work=Bayza Sumer}} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * | |||
| {{Secularism in Turkey|state=autocollapse}} | |||
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