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{{Infobox river
]
| name = Manicouagan River
The '''Manicouagan River''' is a river in ], ]. The river originates in southeast Quebec and flows approximately 560 km south, passing through the ] to empty into the ] near ]. There are a number of ] on the Manicouagan.
| name_native =
| name_native_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image = Manic-5 and Manic-5-PA overview.jpg
| image_caption = Manicouagan River as seen from the Daniel-Johnson Dam
| map = Manicouagan map.png
| map_size = 250px
| map_caption = Drainage basin in yellow
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = Province
| subdivision_name2 = ]
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| subdivision_name3 = ]
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| length = {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|1020|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=Atlas/>
| discharge1_max =
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| source1 = ]
| source1_location = ]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|50|38|53|N|68|43|40|W|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = ]
| mouth_location = ]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|49|10|34|N|68|11|40|W|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}}
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size = {{convert|45800|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name=Atlas>Natural Resources Canada, Atlas of Canada - {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410230512/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html |date=2007-04-10 }}</ref>
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right = ]
| custom_label =
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| extra =
}}


The '''Manicouagan''' or '''Manicuagan River''', often ] to '''Manic''', is a river in ] region of ], Canada. The river originates in the ] and flows approximately {{convert|200|km}} south, emptying into the ] near ].<ref name=Atlas/> The reservoir, also known as Lake Manicouagan, lies within the remnant of an ancient eroded ] (]). It was formed following the impact of a {{convert|5|km|mi}} diameter ] which excavated a crater originally about {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide, although erosion and deposition of sediments have since reduced the visible diameter to about {{convert|72|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The ] is the sixth-largest confirmed impact crater known on earth.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/Diametersort.html |title=Earth Impact Database |access-date=2013-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708133805/http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/Diametersort.html |archive-date=2013-07-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The river's name is believed to come from a ] word meaning "where tree bark is found".


{{anchor|Toponymy|Etymology|Names}}
==Hydro-electric dams==
* McCormick Power Station - 350 MW, operated by Compagnie hydroélectrique Manicouagan.
* Manic 1 Power Station - 184 MW, operated by ].
* ] Power Station - 1024 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
* ] Power Station - 1244 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
* Manic 4 - Abandoned project
* ] / ] Power Station - 1528 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
* Manic 5 P.A. Power Station - 1064 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
:''Source: Ministry of Natural Resources of Quebec and Hydro-Québec.''


==External links== ==Name==
The river's name is believed to come from a ] name meaning "Place where ] is Found". However the ] of ] call it ''Menukuanistuk Shipu'', meaning "River of the Cup".<ref name="CTQ-M">{{cite web |url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=38462 |title=Rivière Manicouagan |publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec |access-date=2010-10-20 |language=French}}</ref>
*


==Tributaries==
{{coord missing|Canada}}
The major tributaries of the Manicouagan River are in upstream order:
* Toulnustouc River
** Isoukustouc River
** Fontmarais River
* Lemay River
* ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]


==History==
]
]
]
At the end of August 1535, ], while sailing south, noted the mouth of this large river but gave it no name. In June 1664, Jesuit ] was the first ] to travel upstream of the "Grand Manikouaganistikou River that the French call ''rivière Noire'' because of its depth". The next year, he "returned to the mouth of the Manicoüagan in June." The river's spelling has remained fairly constant from then on.<ref name="CTQ-M"/>


In the early 1950s, the Manicouagan River attracted ]'s attention for ] development because of the deep and fast running waters. In 1956, a dam was built at the mouth of Lake Sainte-Anne to regulate the Toulnustouc River, the main left tributary that empties in the Manicouagan between the Manic-2 and Manic-3 dams. Four years later, the main construction work began on the dams and power stations of the Manicouagan River and its neighbor to the west, the ]. By 1978, this project, with a total power supply 4672 MW, was completed.<ref name="CTQ-M"/>

==Hydro-electric dams==
There are a number of hydroelectric power plants on the Manicouagan, part of the Manic-Outardes Project:<ref>Ministry of Natural Resources of Quebec and Hydro-Québec</ref>
* ] - 335 MW, owned by ] and ].
* ] - 184 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
* ], formerly Manic-2 Power Station - 1024 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
* ], formerly Manic-3 Power Station - 1244 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
* Manic 4 - Abandoned project
* ]:
** Manic-5 generating station - 1592 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
** Manic-5-PA generating station - 1064 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Canada|Water|Renewable energy}}
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*


{{Authority control}}
{{Quebec-geo-stub}}


] ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 22:41, 15 December 2022

River in Quebec, Canada
Manicouagan River
Manicouagan River as seen from the Daniel-Johnson Dam
Drainage basin in yellow
Location
CountryCanada
ProvinceQuebec
RegionCôte-Nord
Physical characteristics
SourceManicouagan Reservoir
 • locationRivière-aux-Outardes
 • coordinates50°38′53″N 68°43′40″W / 50.64806°N 68.72778°W / 50.64806; -68.72778
MouthGulf of Saint Lawrence
 • locationPointe-Lebel
 • coordinates49°10′34″N 68°11′40″W / 49.17611°N 68.19444°W / 49.17611; -68.19444
 • elevation0 m (0 ft)
Length200 km (120 mi)
Basin size45,800 km (17,700 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • average1,020 m/s (36,000 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • rightToulnustouc River

The Manicouagan or Manicuagan River, often clipped to Manic, is a river in Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. The river originates in the Manicouagan Reservoir and flows approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) south, emptying into the Saint Lawrence River near Baie-Comeau. The reservoir, also known as Lake Manicouagan, lies within the remnant of an ancient eroded impact crater (astrobleme). It was formed following the impact of a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) diameter asteroid which excavated a crater originally about 100 km (62 mi) wide, although erosion and deposition of sediments have since reduced the visible diameter to about 72 km (45 mi). The Manicouagan impact structure is the sixth-largest confirmed impact crater known on earth.

Name

The river's name is believed to come from a Montagnais name meaning "Place where Tree Bark is Found". However the Innu of Betsiamites call it Menukuanistuk Shipu, meaning "River of the Cup".

Tributaries

The major tributaries of the Manicouagan River are in upstream order:

History

Surveying the Manicouagan River at the first falls, 1919

At the end of August 1535, Jacques Cartier, while sailing south, noted the mouth of this large river but gave it no name. In June 1664, Jesuit Henri Nouvel was the first missionary to travel upstream of the "Grand Manikouaganistikou River that the French call rivière Noire because of its depth". The next year, he "returned to the mouth of the Manicoüagan in June." The river's spelling has remained fairly constant from then on.

In the early 1950s, the Manicouagan River attracted Hydro-Québec's attention for hydro-electric development because of the deep and fast running waters. In 1956, a dam was built at the mouth of Lake Sainte-Anne to regulate the Toulnustouc River, the main left tributary that empties in the Manicouagan between the Manic-2 and Manic-3 dams. Four years later, the main construction work began on the dams and power stations of the Manicouagan River and its neighbor to the west, the Outardes River. By 1978, this project, with a total power supply 4672 MW, was completed.

Hydro-electric dams

There are a number of hydroelectric power plants on the Manicouagan, part of the Manic-Outardes Project:

References

  1. ^ Natural Resources Canada, Atlas of Canada - Rivers Archived 2007-04-10 at the Wayback Machine
  2. "Earth Impact Database". Archived from the original on 2013-07-08. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
  3. ^ "Rivière Manicouagan" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
  4. Ministry of Natural Resources of Quebec and Hydro-Québec

External links

Categories: