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This article is within the scope of WikiProject Islam, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Islam-related articles on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.IslamWikipedia:WikiProject IslamTemplate:WikiProject IslamIslam-related B This article has been rated as B-class on Misplaced Pages's content assessment scale. Mid This article has been rated as Mid-importance on the project's importance scale.

Islamic views on slavery was a good article, but it was removed from the list as it no longer met the good article criteria at the time. There are suggestions below for improving the article. If you can improve it, please do; it may then be renominated. Review: February 16, 2007.

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HI guys ,

Well this is the first major reformation of this article . Open for dicuussation, as always

removed the intro section , Islam not only means slavery , secondly this isnt relevant here , since being a slave of Allah , & being a slave are totally different concepts .

Muhammad's slaves.......authentic sources required  !!!!

Slaves in Islamic history , this whole thing is discuued in slavery article . No need to repeat the same thing again & again.

Not any more, someone cut out islam section in a slavery article an replaced it with mutch shorter, "by te way" 'Middle East'. Now this information is not anywere in wiki.

Sexual slavery .... again authentic sources required about what traditional madhabs say .

Regarding what has been happening in different muslim majority regions , the right place is slavery article, sice slavery going on in all the places of the world is discussed there .

This article is specific to slavery in Islam. A lot of the content once was in the Islam article and the group consensus was move it to its own article. I predicted back then that if we did that then the next step would be that the Muslim activists in Misplaced Pages would then proceed to cut it down to nothing. ( Like Farhansher just did to the slavery article , erasing any mention of Islam )This of course is exactly as I predicted. The next step will be to re-insert the article into the Islam article since the agreed upon solution failed.--Urchid 1 July 2005 23:52 (UTC)

Problems

I've reverted the edits by 65.139.80.56, who I'm assuming is also CltFn (talk · contribs), Diglewop (talk · contribs), and Urchid (talk · contribs), because his/her version is highly POV and badly written. However, the replacement is also POV in that it tries to present the opposite picture of slavery in Islam, whereas what's needed is something in the middle, with references to authoritative sources. I may try to do a copy edit if I have time. With that in mind, in the intro it talks about slavery in Rome, Greece, and Egypt, which I'm familiar with, but also in Jewish societies. Which Jewish societies are being referred to, and does anyone have a source? SlimVirgin July 2, 2005 03:44 (UTC)

Well some of the stuff I have copied from some sites , others I have searched in Hadeeth data bases . This jewish part was again on one of the sites . So if U think it is wrong , feel free to remove it .

Actually the condition the article was in , I had no other choice to write a totally new one , very POV version of it . And ofcourse , I would love to have some neutral person to work on it .

Some important things I would like to discuss

1 . As the link in slavery page says , this article was supposed to be " views of Islam on Slavery " , & not "muslims & slavery" . So I added all verses & ahadeeth regarding the subject .Because every association of muslims with slavery has been discussed in slavery article , so there is no ned to repeat the same stuff .

2 . There is no such article as Christianity & slavery or Hinduism & slavery , its important to understand why it was needed to start an article for Islam & slavery . Its because nobody ever inserted their POV in these religion's main pages , while there R some people here who are illeterate in Islam , & who like to make WP their diary of phobia . Were christians/christianity never associated with slavery ??

3 . This guy Urchid also inserted his POV in slavery article , thank God there are some neutral people there . That article discusses slavery with respect to geography & not religion . NOw , why was it considered necessary by some people to insert the name of Islam there . Do we see any reference to christianity in Slavery in Europe or Slavery in Americas ?? This is a big Question & I need some answers . Why cant it just be Slavery in MIddle East & Slavery in Africa ??

4 . As I have asked above , so I ask in the end , feel free to insert any information that is available on any authentic , neutral site . But no phobia plz !!! And see the pages associated with other Abrahamic religions , b4 inserting controversial stuff .

Thanks .

I agree with you completely. The existence of this article, and the spirit and manner in which it was written originally, is a product of the strong POV of its creator. We have to clean it up, or put it up for VfD, or find a way to merge anything salvageable elsewhere. I don't have sufficient knowledge to make it encyclopedic. I also have to avoid doing any substantial editing because I've taken admin action in relation to it. SlimVirgin July 2, 2005 19:40 (UTC)

This article is about Islam and slavery , it is specific to Islam. This is not a SLAVERY article it is an article on slavery within Islam and do not confuse me with those all those other users.--Urchid 2 July 2005 15:14 (UTC)

Are you saying you're not CltFn? But you're definitely 65.139.80.56, are you not?

I'm not clear about the point of your reply. Regardless of whether it's about Islam and slavery, or just slavery, it's a badly written personal essay, and it violates WP:NPOV, WP:NOR, and Misplaced Pages:Cite sources. SlimVirgin July 2, 2005 18:34 (UTC)

No I am not CltFn but I did do a revert once as 65.139.80.56 before logging in --Urchid 3 July 2005 13:57 (UTC)

You're not CltFn, but you are 65.139.80.56? That's interesting, because that lies within the same address range as CltFn's IP address, which means we have two people editing Misplaced Pages with the same strong anti-Islam POV, who write in the same style, make the same spelling mistakes, and live in the same area. SlimVirgin July 3, 2005 16:28 (UTC)

Like I told you I use dial up , and stop your secret police game which has nothing to do with an encyclopedia.--Urchid 3 July 2005 17:02 (UTC)

I have to agree with SlimVirgin and Farhansher. The version to which Urchid was reverting was little better than a poorly-organized laundry list of various times and places in which Muslims owned or traded slaves. It ignored the Muslim world outside the Middle East and Africa (i.e. the Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, the Pacific Rim, Spain. . .) and skimmed over the religious and legal perspectives on slavery—which ought to be the primary focus of this article—in a couple of sentences. The general effect was to present slavery in the regions it discussed as a religious, rather than an economic, phenomenon. It further (and this criticism applies equally to the rewrite) failed to address the use of military slaves such as Mamluks and saqaliba, which was (as I recall) the only uniquely Islamic form of slavery. —Charles P. (Mirv) 3 July 2005 16:06 (UTC)

regarding SlimVirgin's comment about Jewish societies at the top of this section: the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud both contain descriptions and regulations of slavery, which indicates that it was practiced both before and after the Babylonian exile. See the Jewish Encyclopedia on slaves and slavery and the book by Catherine Hezser. However, I don't think there's any need for reference to specific societies in the introduction of this article, just a note that slavery was prevalent throughout the ancient world. Judaism and slavery would be the place to discuss slavery regulations among the ancient Jews.

Come to think of it, though, Jewish views of slavery (or . . .laws regarding. . ., . . .attitudes towards. . ., etc.) would probably be a better title, not least because it would be less likely to become a stomping ground for anti-Semitic theories about Jews and the Atlantic slave trade. In the same vein, what about retitling this article similarly, e.g. Islamic views of slavery? That would help keep the material on slavery in which Muslims were somehow involved where it belongs, in its temporal, historical, geographical, and economic contexts. —Charles P. (Mirv) 3 July 2005 17:54 (UTC)

I have stumbled upon this article and discussion and agree that for conventional purposes that Islam slave trade history, which I do believe almost every religion and country/state can stake a claim in, should be part of the slavery and/or Islam article. This is an encyclopedia, not a ranting ground. If I can hear a fair arguement for keeping this article, I'll listen. But theres no reason to single out an entire group of people. -Chrisc112

POV

The POV expressed in the present version of this article as posted by Anonymous editor is an apologia. I have written a more exhaustive article entitled Slavery in Abrahamic religions that covers also slavery in Islam. If this article is to be kept it must be revised. Neither the original article nor the present version are neutral. Since this topic is already covered in Slavery, there is not point keeping a different entry dedicated to slavery in Islam. -Independenza

Wow, not only is this a poorly written article but it is a strong POV. It talks about freeing slaves, kind treatment of slaves, freeing slaves, and an apologetic version of why slaves still exist. Where to even begin? Barneygumble 8 July 2005 13:41 (UTC)

It's certainly poorly written, and it's difficult to see why it merits a separate article. Slavery in Abrahamic religions is also pretty poorly written, but given that it exists, could this be merged with and made a redirect to it? --Mel Etitis (Μελ Ετητης) 20:04, 9 July 2005 (UTC)

Inevitable POV

This article i sbeyond hope. In an encyclopedia there can be no such thing as a discussion on how a major religion handles slavery (or other similar matters). Some people will always try to prove that the religion is at fault, others that it is not. The hermenutical problem is too complcated. Quoting verses in the Quran proves nothing ("konkordanzemethode"). We now for a fact that people claiming to be muslims have had slaves (as well as people claiming to be christians, Jupiter-worshippers or almost anything.

Some people see their actions as justifiable according to how they interpret their religious tradition, others don't and would claim they did what the did not acting as "true" muslims (or christians or whatever). It is not the role of an encyclopedia to provide the single true and normative interpretation.

That said, the article in it's state today is apalling. It is nothing but an apologetic sermon trying to convince us about the beauty of islam. I think this article should be deleted.

--itpastorn 21:29, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Somehow some people got a lock on this page to prevent normal editing. I love how some people say how much they like NPOV, but then they go ahead and produce garbage like this. This article is the biggest apologetic writing I have ever seen. No mention that Saudi Arabia didn't end slavery until 1962... only random writings that Islam has tried SO hard to eliminate slavery and slaves were treated so kindly. Barneygumble 18:34, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Slavery and Islam

Another article has been started on Slavery and Islam, apparently to get around the editing block here. The articles should be merged into this one, and the other should be turned into a redirect (as I have just done with Slavery in Islam). Cheers! -- BD2412 17:08, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

I reverted User:68.36.166.101's edits because they were unencyclopedic and POV. SlimVirgin 04:32, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

Redirecting to Slavery in the Abrahamic religions

Anyone have any objections to this?Heraclius 04:37, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Getting rid of this page would be a good idea, in my view. SlimVirgin 04:47, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

Exactly, right now it reads as an essay describing why Muslims have practiced slavery. The other version talks about Islam as a monolithic bloc encouraging slavery and makes it seem as if all Muslims should be slave-holders.Heraclius 04:48, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

I agree. The page has been trouble from the start. Good decision, Heraclius. SlimVirgin 04:51, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

Deletion

I don't see why the deletion tag is there, it's in the Quran!!!--The Brain 08:52, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

Bilal

No article on Islam on Slavery can be complete without a mention of Bilal.

Slavery

This article sounds like a guilty person trying to cover-up something. It says the Quran doesn't forbid slavery but discourages keeping slaves and then goes to say all the verses about freeing slaves. There is a conscious effort my muslim wiki members to remove all the bad stuff about islam and their culture and to present only the good. That's not what wikipedia is about, it's about presenting facts. This website isn't a propaganda tool. (Anonymous User) 14 June 2006

Oh, so Muslims can't keep slaves but encourages the act of slavery to exist? So then Muslims are allowed to treat people like slaves then - torturing them in any way, and that their God allows this act? Is that what you all are implying? --Fantastic4boy 05:06, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Yes this very one sided it needs a section on Slaves take by Mohamed and give the numbers also mayby mention the small fact that slavery continued for a thousand years after it becomes supposedly a BAD thing.Hypnosadist 09:35, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

Hypnosadist edits

My first edit was make the intro less pov, and much more factual by removing unsourced comments such as "this greatly reduced slavery". My second edit was to add some historical information from the arab slave trade artical. This is bad form i know but there was nothing historical in this artical.Hypnosadist 11:31, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Addition of quotes from islam-q&a.com about when it is permisable to start rapeing your female prisoner of war.Hypnosadist 12:06, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Hypnosadist your comment above almost seems like you want to do the opposite of those who want to whitewash history, which is paint it blacker than it was. I hope that is not the case. Anyrate here some other historical arenas that may get you started on the historical narrative of the slave trade and slavery in Islamic lands. Note the bold there is a difference, the only difference Islam made upon the institution of Slavery was that it gave them rights and attempted to regulate a more humane treatment towards them, what it actually achieved or failed to acheive socially is however historical record (the dichtomy between the ideal and the actual), at any rate this initial visualization of slavery is what bifurcated the way the institution of slavery developed in the Islamic lands vs. the Christian lands and later both found theological reasons to accept a ban upon it. Slavery existed in pre-Islamic Arabia were it inherited a slave system and economy that was based off Roman, Greek and Persian concepts. Note, when I say this it does not mean slaves were treated humanely or it was a jolly good show to be one. At anyrate some other headers that can get this show started is the heavy involvement of slaves in the Islamic military apparatus and various political institutions, you have Turkic Slaves such as Alp Tigin and Sabuktigin in Abassid times, later the Slave Dynasty in India, the Mamelukes in Egypt, eventually the Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire. POWs were the greatest source of these slaves and considered booty. --Tigeroo 08:55, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Tigeroo how can you "blackwash" the enslavement of at least 25 million humans. As to your point that Islam found theological reasons to stop slavery, i would love you to try and find one of those LOL! You just get the justifications for the crimes you gave, oh we learnt it off the romans, our economy was relient forced labour or we said to treat them nice (did you know that American slave owners justified themselves in the same way). If islam thought slavery was bad it had over a thousand years to stop it, you are quite right this historical record but there is no dichtomy between the ideal and the actual, they wanted slaves and they had them. Yes i would like to much more information in this article including "Turkic Slaves such as Alp Tigin and Sabuktigin in Abassid times, later the Slave Dynasty in India, the Mamelukes in Egypt, eventually the Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire."Hypnosadist 11:56, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

I did not deny slavery or even deny the abuse inherent in the system or the historic atrocities. It's gone good riddance, no loss there. I am not gonna give you the oh it was discouraged and so it's being a goner is a good deal argument, or the we can't ensure their rights lets loose it one either since I'm more of a moral relativist. Slavery is banned, POWs are treated under the code of reciprocity, you don't touch mine I don't touch yours. I accept that there was no signficant abolitionist movement in Islamic lands. Look around you slavery dissappeared in a whiff once imposed by law and theology moved position to accomodate this situation as almost the natural state of events forbidding its reinstatement.--Tigeroo 14:31, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

"theology moved position to accomodate this situation" could not have said it better my self, and that whiff was the smell of british gunpowder.Hypnosadist 14:53, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

actually I was not referring to the British gunpowder, that did not really end the slave trade just closed the markets under its governance. I was referring to how clergy can cherry pick things conveniently enough to be seen as the fount of divine wisdom. Nevermind that they got it wrong earlier. The Pope can fit that bill just fine too. Just as a related aside look up the history of POWs what happenned to the sods and the countryside before there were any agreements governing the sides.--Tigeroo 16:15, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Request for information

Does anyone have information on slaves owned by Mohammed or taken in battle by forces under his command or orders, as that would be particularly relivent.Hypnosadist 11:35, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Slavery in the Modern Islamic World

I think the current content in this section is not relevant to the section or the article. It needs to be replaced to other things such more relevant topics such as the slavery in Sudan and other sub- sahran areas in general. --Tigeroo 09:04, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

I do not agree. There could be very well 2 articles: one about "Islam and Slavery" (this one) and one about "Slavery in the Modern Islamic World".

Also: This article is very one-sided. The external-link given with the article gives a good example other views are also held in today's Islam:

Shaikh Saleh Al-Fawzan, a member of the Senior Council of Clerics, Saudi Arabia's highest religious body has publicly asserted as late as 2003: "Slavery is a part of Islam. ... Slavery is part of jihad, and jihad will remain as long there is Islam." He even labeled anyone who disagrees an "infidel".

Pukkie 14:16, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

This article is very one sided, ive started to try and improve it without loading it with week sources. The Shaikh Saleh Al-Fawzan info is very interesting. If you could find an exact source (ie a url or more detailed reference) then this SHOULD definitely go in here.

As to two different articles sticking with one covering both until we have enough for two well sourced small articles would be the best option.Hypnosadist 20:23, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

I've looked around about the Shaikh Saleh Al-Fawzan slavery quote, the original NGO that brought this alligation does not exist anymore. No primary source material (the tape of him saying this that the NGO is ment to have recorded) is available anywhere. So this fails notabilty and verifiabilty.Hypnosadist 14:40, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Slavery in the Caucuses

Caucasian peoples, particularly North Caucasian peoples, have traditionally kept slaves (and do, to this day). Many of these peoples are Muslim. I think this should be worked into the article somehow.

Proposal to merge "Islam and Slavery" and "Arab slave trade"

That is by far the more comprehensive article.--Mike18xx 04:31, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

The article "Arab slave trade" started out life as the islamic slave trade, but that got changed for POV reasons. If we keep the two articles separate then we can cover the religion here and the people at "Arab slave trade" but as i say below lets find concensus.Hypnosadist 23:11, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Although I agree with the view that the focus of this article is not clear enough, it should be noted that there are Arabs out of Islam, and the majority of people in Islam are not Arab as well. If these articles to be merged, what would happen to Ottoman Slave Trade, which needs to be written???, Reventlov 12:12, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

This article can stand on itself. --Aminz 22:36, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

about refining the focus of the article

there is no need to discuss the prevalence of slavery within arab/muslim history, this is already covered in the arab slave trade article. this article should focus more on the stance of islam on slavery (i.e. "slavery in islam") according to the general islamic texts, as currently there is no article dealing with the concept of slavery in islam. as an extension to this, perhaps the title of the article can be changed to "Slavery in Islam"? ITAQALLAH 21:03, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

I agree with that. Thus, we do not need to mention "Arab slave trade" at all as it is a different topic. Instead, I support a merge with "Religion and slavery." --Truthpedia 00:08, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

the thing is, that there's nothing much to merge it with (the proposed article is a stub as per its afd noted on the talk page). as for the section "arab slave trade" then its relevance in this article needs to be discussed further. what i tried to articulate was that this article should deal with the islamic conceptual stance on slavery, which is derived from the texts and the experts in the field of islamic studies. it can be argued that the section in its current form is irrelevant here, unless the content is changed and it talks about slavery in and around the time of Muhammad which would make it relevant to the teachings of islam. this, as opposed to talking about the actions of later Muslims which, as well as not being directly relevant here, has already been dealt with to a reasonable degree in the "arab slave trade" article. ITAQALLAH 00:26, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

I agree that this article should contain more information on the ayats and hadith associated with the slave trade. Also Islamic notables and their connections to slavery, ie did they own, trade or capture slaves themselves. Also modern Scholars and Jurists must also say what they think about slavery. I think the title is ok at the moment but we should look to see if there is a concensus.Hypnosadist 23:09, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

okay, i started work on the lead section. yes, we would want the opinions of notable scholars and jurists in the article. the sentence about islam not forbidding slavery needs work, as many jurists state that slaves can only be obtained as PoW's, and generally rule that as institutionalised slavery is more or less destroyed, it cannot be reintroduced. ITAQALLAH 23:53, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

section i removed due to legal complaint

I reverted a deletion of the below section but did not notice the change at thesource that says this article is now part of legal proceedings. I've put it here on talk until the case is sorted, if its not true i will remove it totally.Hypnosadist 23:00, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Instances of slavery in modern Muslim countries

The Sunday Times reported that Gul Khan (not to be mistaken with Gul Hassan Khan, former Chief Army Staff, Pakistan), a wealthy militant who uses the base of Jamaat-ud Daawa (JUD) near Lahore was involved in the kidnap and enslavement of Christian children from Punjab, Pakistan. It was further claimed that this money was used to fund terrorism.

Of course if its true we put it back in, PS has anyone heard of this case from other sources.Hypnosadist 23:00, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

re: passage removal

" Schimmel asserts that because the status of slave under Islam could only be obtained through either being a prisoner of war or born from slave parents, slavery would be theoretically abolished with the expansion of Islam." end quote.

Hypnosadist, from what i understand of your justification is that this passage is irrelevant as the condition is only true under the pretext of islam ruling the world (as well as slavery still existing). i would say not quite: because everything islam says about slavery is indeed conceptual (and this article is about what islam says and the consequences of that according to scholarly opinion). what the author is ascertaining is whether or not islam encourages or discourages slavery, and i think within this context the assertion (which muslim jurists generally opine also) is entirely relevant. it is also speculating on the restrictions placed upon slavery (by islam) and the possible effect that would have. obviously, if you have any good sources which disagree with that, then this can also be mentioned. thanks. ITAQALLAH 23:31, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

just checked EoI, it says the exact same thing also. ITAQALLAH 17:16, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

This is just factually wrong, if you have slave breeding its infinite. Slave begets slave begets slave for generation after generation. For proof of this look at america after the british navy cut off the transatlanic trade, they had more than enough when they stopped aborting the female slaves. Hypnosadist 21:32, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

slaves are most likely to breed with the master being the father (marriage with another slave is not generally likely), thus the child is born free. if it's factually wrong then all you need to do is bring a source on par with with EoI, Schimmel and Lewis so that it can be incorporated into the article (WP is about verifiabilty, not truth). ITAQALLAH 09:29, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Fine as much as i dislike quoteing them it looks like its time for Bat'yeor et al as this is just BS and does not have a place in this encyclopedia.Hypnosadist 12:35, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

PS At least you know you are promoting lies!WP is about verifiabilty, not truth) Hypnosadist 12:53, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

please refrain from personal attacks. what you perceive as truth may not be so. WP aims to quote scholarly opinions on a matter, not ascertain what is "true" via original research or unauthoritative sources like bat ye'or. ITAQALLAH 13:02, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Bat ye'or is an authoritve source ,at least she comperhends logic unlike this Annemarie Schimmel, no wonder Spencer and so forth think that Academia is completely Biased. So its non-muslims fault they are slaves for not converting (and forceing muslims to take them as POW's) is going to WP stance on islam and slavery. Hypnosadist 14:01, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

considering that she has no formal education or qualification in any topic related to islam (as well as having been criticised by established authorities), i think the value of her work is limited to helping document well-known criticisms directed at islam. she would not qualify as an independantly reliable source. ITAQALLAH 15:17, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Eunuchs

Schimmel says they are part of the culture and some have jobs, these eunuchs were created.Hypnosadist 14:22, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

this is what she says:

"The entire history of Islam proves that slaves could occupy any office, and many former military slaves, usually recruited from the Central Asian Turks, became military leaders and often even rulers as in eastern Iran, India (the Slave Dynasty of Delhi), and medieval Egypt (Mamluks). Eunuchs too served in important capacities, not only as the guardians of womens' quarters, but also in high administrative and military positions." p.67

she says nothing about Eunuchs being (i.e. through castration) created or being part of "islamic culture", just that they were able to play a significant role in society as per islamic history. to turn the above into this: "Contempory Slaveing practices included the creation of Eunuchs in which the mans sexual organs where forcably removed" is total original research and a misuse of the source taking it totally out of context. ITAQALLAH 14:36, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

She says "Eunuchs too served in important capacities, not only as the guardians of womens' quarters, but also in high administrative and military positions." so she says eunuchs existed, so eunuchs were created or is it your OR that they cut their own balls off.Hypnosadist 14:45, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

no, as eunuchs may have pre existed in lands in which the islamic govt expanded into. it is total OR to suggest that Eunuchs were "created" as per "Contempory Slaveing practices" (as well as out of context to derive it from such a sentence). ITAQALLAH 14:48, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Oh they where somebody elses eunuchs! thats OK then!Hypnosadist 15:07, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

layout changes

regarding the recent layout changes, i think the article needs to follow a coherent and chronological order. the previous layout was more suited to this i believe. it makes sense to put pre-islamic slavery as the first section, in order to contextualise the discussion (i.e. add background information) and make the actual changes implemented more apparent. slavery in islamic jurisprudence IMO belongs under "slavery in islamic society" because for a significant period of time islamic jurisprudence was part of islamic society. the opening para in "slavery in islamic society" serves as an introduction to the coming section (jurisprudence, and any historical info) which is why the 'asl (principle) is mentioned there as a pretext to what follows. ITAQALLAH 06:18, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

I also think the previous layout was more coherent and ordered. --Aminz 06:25, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Dr. Peter Hammond

This evangelical ex-SA military pro-lifer is not my cup of tea but he is on a par with Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq for education (both doctors of divinities) and notability. I think you are applying a level of academic standard only appropriate to a modern science article not theology and history. Especially as they are a link not a source. I think this is a case of both or neither for me.Hypnosadist 14:11, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Hypnosadist, These sources may give an idea of the lines along which one should be looking for additional material to add to this article. But I think all these sources should all go away since their works are peer-reviewed university-press published works. The article by Hammond is polemical. I don't have any trust in what he says. I have seen lots of lies from both Christian and Muslim polemics. --Aminz 22:30, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

GA comments

I've read the article and it has a promise for GA status. However, there are few minor copyedits needed to be done, before I make a decision. Could editors fix the following issues?

1. The second paragraph of the lead section has 2 ideas: slavery in Qur'an and Hadith, and racial slavery in Islam. It would be better to split it into 2 paragraphs.
2. The last line in the lead is awkward: "The famous medieval jurist al-Ghazzali rejected the idea of a white man being better than a black one as adopting the same hierarchical principles adopted by Satan in his ignorance, and thus falling into polytheism.". Why does suddenly white, black, Satan and polytheism appear in the text? I don't understand it, because the line does not belong to the lead section at all.
3. Quoted statement: "The Qur’an, like the Old and the New Testaments, assumes the existence of slavery, Bernard Lewis states." should have inline citation. And then the next lines of Lewis statements do need to be cited anymore, as the context has been given.
   • I found there are many cases of this. I've made a copyedit as an example in for Azizah Y. al-Hibri in the subsection Treatment.
   • Basically, readers do not have knowledge of these persons, which are the source of the text. They are not part of the topic. So whenever you want to introduce him/her by giving a quotation, please describe first who he/she is and the first quotation should have inline citation. For example, "John Doe, an English mathematician, stated that equation of ......"
   • Another way of quoting is by indirect quotation, which the person name is not given, but only the citation.
4. A brief explanation should be given for rare used words. For example manumission, fornication, etc.

I think the above issues are feasible to be resolved. Whenever they have been fixed, please leave me a message in my usertalk. I don't want to put this page on hold. Cheers. — Indon (reply) — 17:27, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

My take on the review (I didn't know Indon reviewed it) :

• There is a bundle of vague words used such as majority, widely, are thought and more which doesn't comply with the MoS.
• Plenty of material given in the article uses dubious verbs to present the facts like the word speculate for example.

Lincher 21:13, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

GA review

I saw your message and the lead section has been fixed, but still there are some issues. I will give my review below, and if editors can fix the issues, then I can decide the GA status. As of 2 October 2006, per WP:WIAGA, here's my assessment:

1. It is well written.

(a) it has compelling prose, and is readily comprehensible to non-specialist readers → pass

There is no difficulty for me to understand the subject. Although some minor one-further-click is required (see criterion 1.d).

(b) it follows a logical structure, introducing the topic and then grouping together its coverage of related aspects; where appropriate, it contains a succinct lead section summarising the topic, and the remaining text is organised into a system of hierarchical sections (particularly for longer articles) → pass

The lead section is better than the previous one and it gives contexts and also summarizing the article. The structure is quite logical to follow, because it all relates to slavery in the context of Islam.

(c) it follows the Misplaced Pages Manual of Style → weak pass

To make a quotation, use double punctuation "...". Single punctuation '...' is only used if it is a quotation inside a quotation. Please read again WP:MOS on how to make quotation.

(d) necessary technical terms or jargon are briefly explained in the article itself, or an active link is provided → needs minor copyedit

1. Well, it is said in this criterion that specialized terms are briefly explained or give wikilink, but I hate to do one click first to understand the word. It is even worse if the link is only a stub page, or has no further information, or it goes to disambiguation page, etc. So I would suggest editors to briefly explained the following words in parentheses, just like manumission that I've pointed in the above thread. They are: eunuch, congregational prayers, zakah, fornication.
2. Does zihar mean unintentional murder, or other offence?
3. What does bracket in "(for necks)" mean?
4. What does the meaning of "..., such as the sometimes independent sultanate of Adal."? And the wikilink to Adal is disambiguation page. Please fix that.

2. It is factually accurate and verifiable.

(a) it provides references to any and all sources used for its material → request for citation

1. All materials are sourced and editors follow inline citation for better verifiability. However, some inline citations were not placed in appropriate place. When you want to quote a statement from an author of a book, it is better to put inline citation when it is first given in a context (paragraph). After that, editors can give further his/her statements in the following lines without inline citation, because the context has been given. For example in the first paragraph of section "Slavery in Islamic Society", it is stated about Bernard Lewis statement, but its source is given in the 4th line, which is too far. The link becomes loose that the same source is used for the first line. I have already given my comments above about citing quotation from a source (see the previous thread). Perhaps, editors still miss one or two of this problem. I've made a copyedit to correct for this problem.
2. Could editors give source of this line and also Qur'an passage of it? "Islam permits intimate relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage (referred to in the Qur'an as ma malakat aymanukum or "what your right hands possess"), although he may not co-habit with a female slave belonging to his wife." I've put {{fact}} there. Please update it.
3. The last section about Arab slave trade has no citation at all. I would like to have at least one citation there for verification of the section. You can take one or two sources from the main article.

(b) the citation of its sources using inline citations is required → inconsistent

1. There is inconsistency of quoting Qur'an and Hadith. For example in the section "Treatment of the captive". I was first confused of the list of items. Why don't readers expand it as text? But I assume that they are list of quotations from Qur'an and Hadith about treatment of captive, aren't they? But why the citation is not similar with the pervious sections? Please update it with consistent style of Qur'an and its passage number and Hadith and its source.
2. I would suggest to use quotation template for Qur'an verses. For example:

There are available {{Template:cquote}}, {{Template:quotation}}, {{Template:rquote}} and {{Template:quote}} templates, depending which style you like.

(c) sources should be selected in accordance with the guidelines for reliable sources → pass

Good sources.

(d) it contains no elements of original research → pass

3. It is broad in its coverage. In this respect :

(a) it addresses all major aspects of the topic → pass

I'm not really major of this issue. As far as I know, all major aspects are included.

(b) it stays focused on the main topic without going into unnecessary details (no non-notable trivia) → pass

4. It follows the neutral point of view policy.

(a) viewpoints are represented fairly and without bias → pass

(b) all significant points of view are fairly presented, but not asserted, particularly where there are or have been conflicting views on the topic → pass

5. It is stable, i.e. it does not change significantly from day to day and is not the subject of ongoing edit wars. → pass

6. It contains images, where possible, to illustrate the topic.

(a) the images are tagged and have succinct and descriptive captions → pass

(b) a lack of images does not in itself prevent an article from achieving Good Article status → not relevant

Conclusion: since there are some minor copyedits, I put this article On Hold status. Please fix criteria 1.(d), 2.(a) and 2.(b); and again leave me a message when they are all fixed. Cheers. — Indon (reply) — 09:20, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Thanks Indon for your comment and suggestions. 1.(d) is fixed now. So, 2.(a) and 2.(b) are remained. --Aminz 06:45, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

2.(a)1 is fixed. --Aminz 07:33, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

2.(a)2 is fixed. TruthSpreader has also fixed 2.(b), so only 2(a)3 is remained. I've asked user:Yom to help us with this section. --Aminz 07:42, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Very good. Actually for the last section, you can take sources from the main article (Arab_slave_trade). All right, I'll wait for the last issue to be fixed. Cheers. — Indon (reply) — 13:20, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

the arab slave trade article misses out some sources needed for the relevant points in that section so i did a quick search around and found some other refs for those points. one or two other sentences may need cites which i will add shortly. ITAQALLAH 16:34, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

I've seen changes in the last section and now all materials are well-referenced. Very good. So hence the GA status. I'd like to congratulate editors for their hard work. Some improvements are needed to make a comprehensive article that lead to FA status. Cheers. — Indon (reply) — 01:17, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Congratulations to all editors who have made this GOOD ARTICLE on a contentious subject Hypnosadist 01:32, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Slavery in Christianity

Why is there no section on Slavery in Christianity? Is this balanced, or is slavery on something in Islam? I have started the article and would like some serious development to finish it, just like has been done here---Halaqah 13:49, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

I went and added slavery to the chapter on Christianity and it was taken off saying Christianity has nothing to do with slavery- go and see for yourselves---Halaqah 01:12, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

AND?Hypnosadist 01:27, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Page rename and history merge

I've renamed this article per a non-controversial WP:RM. In addition, since the pages had separate histories with little overlap, I merged the histories. I also prepended the older page's talk content here and merged these histories as well. —Wknight94 (talk) 01:59, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

why is islam and slavery portrayed as being one and the same. what is the link betwenn the two. it should be deleted as when christianity is mentioned nothing on oppression is spoken of except the faith itself.--Sunara 15:09, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

"why is islam and slavery portrayed as being one and the same. what is the link betwenn the two."

1. Islam and slavery are not being portrayed as being one in the same this article is showing the historical and theological links between the religion of Islam and the "institution" of slavery.
2. The links between Islam and Slavery are many (about 25 million of them! but i'll get to them) but here are two big ones;

1)Slavery is organised and mandated by the Quran.

2)The Founder/Leader of Islam owned slaves and concubines.

A leading expert in pre-industrial world trade estimates 25 million slaves where traded in the Ottoman empire.Hopes that helps you see the link.Hypnosadist 20:58, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

and how many in the Christian trade, where is that link? How about the leaders of Islam that were former slaves? Funny how as the person above said this kind of "academia" doesnt live on the Christianity page where it only focuses on religion. when it is added it is deleted. Ottoman obviously equals Islam, like White = Christain (am i understanding you?) --Halaqah 07:25, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

I dont know how 25 million people could have been traded in that time period when the total world population was seriously less than today. --Halaqah 07:26, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Lets talk about your last point first, the Atlantic slave trade involved around 15 million in just three hundred years, Slavers using islam as their justification had twelve hundred years. If you do the math that comes to around 20,0000 people a year enslaved, not that many for such a large rich empire with millions of subjects and a lot of trade links.

"Ottoman obviously equals Islam, like White = Christain (am i understanding you?)" ah now the accusations of racism to quell criticism! The ottoman empire practiced Sharia Law, it was as an a islamic a government as existed at that time, and it practiced slavery because Islam/Sharia/the Quran say slavery is a moral and normal part of life.

I notice you fail to mention "2)The Founder/Leader of Islam owned slaves and concubines." due to the fact you know its true.Hypnosadist 13:55, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

is/was

IronDuke, you are changing sourced material. Why don't you contact prof. Lewis and ask him to change this? What you are doing is original research. --Aminz 00:22, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

I would love to get in touch with Lewis - do you have contact info? In the meantime, as you can see from the slavery in Sudan section, slavery by Muslims is ongoing. Obvious? Yes. OR? No. IronDuke 00:44, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

This is your editorial comment. The sources use past tense and you can not change it. These sources should have a reason for using past tense(probably because in almost everywhere slavery is abolished but I am not sure). Again, Lewis and other scholars are very careful in writing their books and if they use past tense then that is the best choice to their mind. Any conclusion in our part is original research. --Aminz 06:18, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Well, the sources I'm using, in the Sudan section, have not been disputed. No serious scholar or journalist that I know of denies that there is slavery in Sudan, and that it has a religious basis. It's ongoing: present tense. IronDuke 14:18, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

You didn't reply to my comment, but I have done some research. I'll probably add something to the article. Also, please note that this article is not about Muslims and Slavery. It is about Islam and Slavery. Not all Muslims follow the religion in letter. There is no reason to believe that the testimony of one person about some events is what is typically going on there. Anyways, the section needs a rewrite which I'll do soon. --Aminz 09:27, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

1. I did indeed reply to your comment.
2. It would be nonsensical to talk about Islam without discussing Muslims.
3. There is much testimony, not merely from "one person."
4. Look forward to seeing what your research turns up. IronDuke 20:49, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

there is always a distinction between what islam says and what muslims do. the article deals with what islam says: such as slavery in islamic texts, slavery in islamic jurisprudence, history of slavery under an islamic institution (i.e. accepted islamic caliphate, not simply a country with "islamic" in its title). i don't believe that any serious historian thinks that there has been any real islamic institution since the fall of the Ottomans. furthermore, the institution in Sudan claims to disavow itself of slavery. just because Muslims do B, doesn't mean they have done B with islam as justification, or that Muslims are living under an islamic institution (which they, in this case, are not) which is endorsing B. thus, i don't currently believe it (simply the association between "slavery" and "a group of muslims") is relevant at all here, in the same way that enslavement of Muslims is not relevant here. i would suggest putting it in Persecution of Christians or Persecution by Muslims. ITAQALLAH 20:08, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Info already exists at Persecution of Christians. Yes, adding it to Persecution by Muslims would be a good idea. I'll try and do that myself, if no one else does. But the info has to remain here as well. Yes, this article deals with the history of Islam and slavery. It's also (now) dealing with the present situation. I can think of no good reason to censor the info. The Muslim genocide (of which the enslavement of Christians and animists is a part) going on in Sudan has a distinctly religious component. There doesn't have to be a modern caliphate for us to include the info here. IronDuke 20:56, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

It is more racist than religous. --Aminz 21:02, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

the distinction between slavery under an islamic institution and slavery at the hands of Muslims is stark. in the same way, "honor killings" by Muslims is not related at all to "Islam and human rights". slavery at the hands of Muslims which is not (officially) supported by an islamic state (nor supported by a non-islamic state, neither of which is the case here) suggests that it is not necessarily related to islam or its implementation (which is what this article is about). ITAQALLAH 21:03, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

I won't object to having something about Sudan in this article, but doesn't deserve to have a section on its own. Furthermore, it should be written based on sources taught in universities, not Christian organizations. --Aminz 21:06, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

The distinction may be "stark," but they both fall under the rubric of Islam and slavery. To say that Muslims persecuting Christians and animists through slavery has nothing to do with their religion is POV apologetics. Aminz, I'm glad you don't object to having something about Sudan in the article, as it's here and it's here likely to stay. The sources we have are quite good.

Now, as to the recent reversion: I've shown that it's ongoing, and trying to suggest that the existence of slavery in Sudan is a fact in dispute is bizarre (I'm being charitable). IronDuke 21:14, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

"The distinction may be "stark," but they both fall under the rubric of Islam and slavery." no, both do not, and it has been explained exactly why the latter does not. it may be something to do with their being Christian, animist etc., there is currently no evidence you have provided which suggests they are (allegedly) being enslaved under the jurisdiction of islamic law, which would make it related to "islam and slavery". as with the other sub sections you started, you are equating the actions of people who happen to be muslim with the topic of the relationship between islam (as an ideology and a law) and slavery. it is not relevant here, and you are not presenting any sound argument as to why it merits inclusion, in spite of my opting to delay its inevitable removal so that you may do so. it seems that you're not the only one being charitable. ITAQALLAH 23:30, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Itaqallah please read No true scotsman, Aminz i believe reputable news sources should be acceptable, IronDuke check Human Rights Watch website for info on slavery in sudan from more reputable sources.Hypnosadist 23:58, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

It doesn't have to be under anyone's specific jurisdiction for it to be based on religion, which it clearly is. "Inevitable removal?" Assuredly not. IronDuke 00:08, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Hypnosadist, you may wish to refer to affirmation of the consequent to note why 'slavery by muslims' may not always be 'islamic slavery' (i.e. slavery under an islamic state or institution). can you explain why the no true scotsman fallacy is remotely relevant here? you may also wish to note IronDuke's equivocation of implying the type of "current slavery" equalling "slavery" as witnessed under islam.

IronDuke, that is what you are required to prove, that the slavery is occuring as per the muslims' perceived implementation of islam (i.e. that they are 'enslaving' based upon religious injunction, not merely religious discrimination)- not simply that "slavery" is occuring, and muslims are the ones apparently doing it. currently, it is as shaky as your assertion that every instance of human trafficking equates to slavery. ITAQALLAH 00:34, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

I am required to do nothing of the sort. "Religious discrimination" = factors directly relating to religious belief = Islam and slavery. IronDuke 00:44, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

that is inaccurate. religious discrimination is to discriminate against a person(s) because of their religion, not because of the religion on the one discriminating. similarly, one's particular belief which leads towards discrimination may not be acceptable under their religion. the link your are attempting to draw is quite visibly far-fetched. to be quite honest, i haven't expected for you to see why such a position is flawed, since you were rather adamant that the material would stay whatever the outcome of talk-page discussion. on to RfC? ITAQALLAH 00:55, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

"religious discrimination is to discriminate against a person(s) because of their religion, not because of the religion on the one discriminating." No idea where you're getting that. It is jaw-droppingly untrue. "you were rather adamant that the material would stay whatever the outcome of talk-page discussion." Manifestly untrue. It was, in fact, you, who suggested that the section would suffer an "inevitable" removal. "on to RfC?" If you like. I have found that people don't respond in the numbers one would like, and results tend to be inconclusive. But be my guest. IronDuke 01:11, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

you are claiming that the term "religious discrimination" is due to the discriminating parties' religious beliefs, which is not necessarily true. "religious discrimination" connotes discrimination of a person(s) because of the religious beliefs they hold. religious discrimination can be at the hands of a non religious group or person (i.e. a communist or a secularist) as well as religious, so the basis of the term religious discrimination can have very little to do with the discriminator's religious beliefs, and this is not what the "religious" in the term "religious discrimination" refers to. it's patently obvious that simply religious discrimination on its own is not enough to show religious injunction behind enslavement, which is the only way how the action of a Muslim could be related to the topic "Islam and slavery" (per the very first sentence in the lead). as for your statement that my opinion regarding your approach is 'manifestly untrue', it may well be (and i hope it is), but there is reasonable evidence for it on the basis of statements like "it's here and it's here to stay". i know that RfC's tend not to draw much of a response, but it is still important in dispute resolution. besides, we can always try the mediation cabal after that. ITAQALLAH 11:05, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

The extent to which Muslims feel liturgically justified in practicing slavery is interesting, and I welcome extra info on that. However, that is not the only portion of this subject that can be explored, and I'm frankly baffled as to why you keep insisting that it is. IronDuke 14:25, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Nasr, professor of Islamic studies at the George Washington University, writes:

Many pious Muslims also refused to have slaves and wrote against it, but the practice in its Islamic form, which meant ultimate integration rather than segregation, continued sporadically but less frequently until the nineteenth century, when under internal forces and the impacts of the ideas of Abraham Lincoln and others it was discontinued. If some write today that slavery is still practiced here and there, as in the Sudan or some other African lands, it is more like the slavery of sweatshops in China or the West today. In neither case is it a prevalent practice, nor are such practices condoned by religious authorities. Before modern times both Christians and Muslim had slaves, which does not mean that either religion created or encouraged slavery.

--Aminz 04:25, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for the cite. I have included the relevant portion. IronDuke 14:25, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

IronDuke, regarding your recent additions to the article: You either don't know what slavery is, or pretend don't know. --Aminz 05:42, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Aminz, when you get a sec, please read (or reread, as the case may be) WP:NPA and WP:CIV. You may find taking a short break from editing this article will aid you in adhering to these policies. IronDuke 14:25, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

i believe his recent additions of non-related material are tantamount to original research. ITAQALLAH 11:05, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

I believe that your resistance to the inclusion of certain facts in this article is POV-warring on your part. Again, RfC is fine, but we've had comments on this already. Here are some of them:

• ...the article in it's state today is apalling. It is nothing but an apologetic sermon trying to convince us about the beauty of islam. I think this article should be deleted.

• ...I love how some people say how much they like NPOV, but then they go ahead and produce garbage like this. This article is the biggest apologetic writing I have ever seen.

• There is a conscious effort my muslim wiki members to remove all the bad stuff about islam and their culture and to present only the good.

• Yes this very one sided...

• I think the current content in this section is not relevant to the section or the article. It needs to be replaced to other things such more relevant topics such as the slavery in Sudan and other sub- sahran areas in general.

I see strong consensus for balance and for having a section on modern slavery. IronDuke 14:25, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

I think we need a reputable secondary source to make this connection, otherwise it will remain as Original Research. TruthSpreader 14:35, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

What would that secondary source have to say, in your view? IronDuke 14:50, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

that is, unfortunately, total misinformation due to the fact that not one of those comments are related to any article version after extensive work was undertaken due to which the article achieved GA status. i also feel that your stacking the article with OR, persistence in continuing to introduce material, the relevance of which is disputed, and quote-spamming of right-wing personalities is provocative and tendentious editing on your part- so it seems that both of us consider the other to be at fault. ITAQALLAH 01:19, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

That doesn't mean that difficulties don't still exist in the article. Your continual repetition of OR is not, in itself an argument. I wonder if you have read it recently. And indeed, you have not responded to the actual edits I've made addressing your concerns. I'm inserting right-wing personalities? One a scale of 1-10, how right wing is Seyyed Nasr, exactly? You wanted specific religious injunction to enslave, I provided it. From more than one source.

Also, if there is to be a section on modern slavery (which there currently is, after your edit) that must be reflected in the lead. Again, please see WP:LEAD.

As for consensus, what consensus are you referring to? IronDuke 01:39, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

you stated "rv- see talk", but hardly any of what you have said justifies your re-insertion of attempts to define human trafficking as "slavery", or equating "Arab" with "Muslim". right wing? i'm referring to Daniel Pipes. "You wanted specific religious injunction to enslave, I provided it. From more than one source." no, you did not. you produced a purported statement from a saudi about jewish women. that does not relate to sudan, or any instance of actual so called "modern slavery" by Muslims. Daniel Pipes, not an objective individual in the least, and understandably not a conventional scholarly reference, is certainly not a resource on which to attempt to assert "fact". the only reason why i have not removed the whole section (as i believe i should) is in the interests of collaborative editing: so that you can attempt to convince others of your position on the talk page which you are currently doing very little of. how then do you justify reverting on the basis of "see talk" when you have not addressed the merits behind it? the consensus referred to is the agreement amongst the editors about the general direction of the article immediately before and after GA status, as well as the status of the intro. if you also see WP:LEAD, you will note the boldface required in the first sentence, which you proceeded to remove. ITAQALLAH 02:36, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

could you explain in what way Dr. Kwaku, as a professor in Afrikan-American studies, is an authority on anything to do with the Islam and slavery? ITAQALLAH 02:51, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

I believe that Dr. Kwaku's area of expertise includes elements of the African American experience in Africa, of which Sudan is a notable part these days. IronDuke 04:12, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

I think part of the difficulty here lies in your conflation of chattel slavery and slavery. Yes, chattel slavery is the most egregious example, but not the only one. There are other forms of enslavement. I pointed you once at least , I think, to our own article human trafficking, in which slavery is specifically discussed. Human trafficking is a form of slavery, not always of the “chattel” variety. I can explain this in further detail, if you wish. Daniel Pipes may be right wing, but that does not disqualify him from inclusion here. Nasr is perhaps biased, but that does not mean we exclude him. You and I must adhere to WP:NPOV, but they need not.

I see this pattern frequently. Cries of OR, silenced by sources, turn to “Oh, I didn’t mean those sources.” I’m sorry you don’t like them, but they’re perfectly legitimate for our purposes. As for linking slavery to Islam, we have:

• the “purported” quote by the “Saudi” – who is a prominent cleric and shaikh -- (I love that word “purported, BTW”: is there evidence of a media conspiracy that has manufactured it? Love to see it if you have a source on that.)
• We have “And according to Dr. Kwaku Person-Lynn, "The saddest and most painful reality of this situation is, that same slave trading is occurring today, still in the name of Islam”.
• We have Eibner (who has been there – have you?) “Sudan is the only place where chattel slavery is not just surviving but experiencing a great revival. This renascence of the slave trade began in the mid-1980s and resulted directly from an upsurge of Islamism in Sudan at that time, and especially from the Islamist emphasis on the renewal of jihad.”
• We have Pipes “The complicity of the militant Islamic government in Sudan has... been established. It dispatches armed militias to terrorize and subjugate non-Muslim communities in the predominantly Christian southern Sudan. This is jihad in the raw, the extending of Muslim rule.”
• We have the U.S. State department: “the U.S. State Department's allegations: "The government's support of slavery and its continued military action which has resulted in numerous deaths are due in part to the victims' religious beliefs."
• And Al-Muhajiroun: "Once the Islamic State is established anyone in Dar ul Harb will have no sanctity for his life or wealth hence, a Muslim in such circumstances can then go into Dar ul Harb and take the wealth from the people unless there is a treaty with that state. If there is no treaty, individual Muslims can even go to Dar ul Harb and take women to keep as slaves."

And there’s more. I could get it, but at a certain point, it becomes overkill, no?

I see nothing in previous GA comments that suggests the changes I am making are contrary to consensus. As to the bolding, you raise a good point. I looked at it, and I can’t figure out a way to make it a reasonable sentence that actually means something. Can you? IronDuke 03:08, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Arab slave trade

There is a seperate article in the Arab slave trade for the slave trade in Muslim societies vs. slave trade in Muslim theology, as in what this should probably be. I think that should help sort out and present a solution to some of the problems this page is having in terms of focus.--Tigeroo 18:51, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Tigeroo you have stumbled on the great game of ping pong. Content keeps being deleted from one because it is to do with Islam and from the other because the info is to do with the arab racial/cultural grouping, it would only be possible if most editors on both articles agreed a joint frame of reference.Hypnosadist 19:30, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

PS For editors who haven't been around that long that the Arab slave trade used to be called the Islamic slave trade. This was changed after long edit wars on claims that it was POV to say that the trade was Islamic in nature, then many of the references to the Quran and islam were removed. Then this article was created to re-add that information to wikipedia.Hypnosadist 19:30, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Also, this article is (or is going to be) dealing with the slave trade from Pakistan to the West Coast of Africa. Arabs are but one part of the article. IronDuke 20:40, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

I see the problem maybe it needs to be modified to Slave trade in the Muslim world to be more encompassing, right now either they need to be merged or a way ot intergrating the contents or flow of both be worked out, and be clearly indicate and link the other article. I think seperating the historical, from the theoretical could help sort out a lot of issues. Maybe slapping a merge tag could help come up with a solution from both sets of editors.--Tigeroo 13:05, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

No tigeroo there is no split between the historical and the theoretical. Islam mandates slavery and slavery exists in these countries(in sudan to this day) because of that fact. Slave trade in the Muslim world would not cover the information that is most often deleted, that this trade is allowed by Islam.Hypnosadist 15:34, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Right, the article would be about how the institution is treated in Islamic theology and thought, and the evolution of the theological position through history. I don't know of a single religion or society that outlawed slavery before the modern era so I really wouldn't be expecting to find any such thing. There is "no mandate" as in thou shall go out and enslave the infidel, just as there is no prohibition. Historically even Muslims have been enslaved, something that doesn't fit in well with Muslim theology which generally "mandated" for them an exemption, and the article could explore that.--Tigeroo 17:02, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

OR, secondary sources

As per request, I am going to be adding a secondary source. Accordingly, I will be removing the OR tag. IronDuke 22:16, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

New thread regarding modern slavery issue (old one getting a mite long)

as i said before, there is nothing wrong with having a couple of sentences or a even paragraph on Sudan in the abolishion of slavery section but not in a new section. --Aminz 22:11, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

(moved from my talk page) IronDuke 01:51, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

I'm not sure why present-day slavery should be in abolition. Can you say more? IronDuke 01:51, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Not a "new thread"... --Aminz 02:58, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Just saw your recent edit. There are some interesting things there, things worth keeping, but blanking the entire section I wrote makes it hard for people to comment on the RfC, does it not? Let's wait and see what develops, if anything. IronDuke 02:11, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Okay. I will wait for now, but your sources are not satisfying nor the quoted material are relevant to this article. --Aminz 02:58, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

This article is about the concept of slavery in the religion of Islam, founded 1400 years ago, about its legislations and functions. The article very clearly at the beginning says that Islam accepts the institution of slavery. Had the interpretations of Islam changed in modern time, I would have agreed with a section on the modern understanding of Islam regarding the slavery. Were this article on "slavery" alone, modern practice of slavery was in direct relevance with this article. Were the modern practice of slavery a result of a new interpretation of slavery in Islam, I would have agreed with such a section. The modern slavery is not directly related to the scope of this article which is the relation between Islam and slavery. Even without the abolition of slavery section, this article is not incomplete as this article is not the history of slavery in Muslim lands. But we have the abolition of slavery section. Yes, slavery abolished in Muslim lands. It flourished again in 1983 in Sudan as a result of the brutal civil war going on there. The slavery in Sudan is rather a racial slavery which is quite un-Islamic. It is more influenced by their culture rather than Islam. I have never heard of an authentic Muslim scholar who accepts racism. That is exactly the point. Unless a reliable scholar of Islam attributes something to Islam, it is un-Islamic even if some people who happen to be Muslims do that. But all these are irrelevant. I suggest we rename the "abolition of slavery" section to "History of slavery in Muslim lands". Please note that for the abolition of slavery we have one paragraph; the slavery in Sudan should not be given undue weight. --Aminz 02:36, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

I agree with some of the points you are making, particularly that some sections need beefing up. I also think there's a lot more nuance to be had in terms of which Muslims did what slavery when, and how Muslims disagree over slavery, past and present. I am deeply sympathetic to your contention that true Muslims would not keep slaves, but that is ultimately a POV position. I am sure that they regard themselves as true Muslims, and if WP gets in the business of deciding who is and is not a real Muslim, well, I think you can see the trouble there. This trouble is especially pronounced in Islam and Judaism, where no central, controlling religious authority exists (as in Catholicism). Anyone can say, "I am Jew," or "I am a Muslim." Sorting out the "real" ones is not our job. However, if we can find a notable, reputable source who says: "Yes, the Sudanese keep slaves. Yes, they base this on Islam. No, they are not true Muslims," I'm all for including it. I will look, I invite others to do the same.

I'm trying to figure out what exactly you and Itaqallah are saying, your basic disagreement with what I'm putting in. To that end, I'm going to try to paraphrase it, and ask that you tell me if I've got it right. What you're saying is, slavery with its justification rooted in Islam no longer has any part to play in modern life. Therefore, this article can only be about the history of slavery and Islam. IronDuke 03:18, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

I am not talking about "true" Muslims. There are murderers in every country and they adhere to a religion. We can not say they are murdering because their religion tells them to do so. If you can find a Muslim religous authority who says that racism is islamic then you can says "Scholar X says racism is islamic". Slavery is definitely not condemned by Islam nor is it by Christianity nor Judaism nor any other religion. --Aminz 03:27, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

I'm not seeing much that indicates that race is the only, or even at all, determinant factor. It doesn't appear to be in Mauritania, for example, nor the camel jockeys of Saudi Arabia. It's true, Jews, Christians, and Muslims all had slaves. However, Jews and Christians no longer have them, AFAIK, except perhaps in very, very isolated cases. Also, no one is running around using Jewish or Christian terms to justify slavery. And yet, in the section as it is now, there are references to slavery being part and parcel of jihad (a concept that does not exist in either Judaism or Christianity). Again, let me reiterate my support for being nuanced and even-handed. True, we cannot say they are murdering because their religion tells them to do so. But we can say they say their religion tells them to do so, or that others do. IronDuke 03:34, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

- "However, Jews and Christians no longer have them" - Haha, no no, OFCOURSE NOT, they are much too hypocritical for that. Instead they hire local companies from 3rd world countries, India, China, Pakistan, to do the DIRTY WORK for them, making their various garments, clothing, goods, etc. in sweatshops to keep their hands clean and so they can say "We no longer have slaves". When we all know that the whole western institution is based on enslaving children for cheap labour. Gmflash

Being in Australia, I know that after every few days I read in the newspaper that sex slaves are caught in Melbourne and Sydney. The actual number of these slaves is horifying. There is a complete mafia associated with it. Nobody associate their religion with it. Secondly, you discussed about Jihad that it doesn't exist in Judaism and Christianity. John Esposito writes in "Islam: The Straight Path" that Muhammad's use of warfare in general was alien neither to Arab custom nor to that of the Hebrew prophets, as both believed that God had sanctioned battle with the enemies of the Lord. By just having a different name for something doesn't mean that this concept is not in other religions. TruthSpreader 04:30, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

TruthSpreader, you wrote: Being in Australia, I know that after every few days I read in the newspaper that sex slaves are caught in Melbourne and Sydney. The actual number of these slaves is horifying. There is a complete mafia associated with it. Nobody associate their religion with it. Indeed, you are quite correct. And this is precisely the point. If Christians in Oz were enslaving Muslims, and invoking their own religion in so doing, it would absolutely go in Christianity and slavery. As for Jihad, well, erm, yes, lots of religions have had violent, proselytizing pasts. Can you tell me the last time Jews forcibly converted anyone? The point is, it isn't happening now. Also, please read the talk page before blanking sections again (which can be considered a form of vandalism). We're in the middle of an RfC, but people can't comment unless they see the whole version being discussed. I hope this is now obvious to you. IronDuke 15:42, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Being a library geek, I was reading the Encyclopedia of religion today. I saw comments similar to those of Esposito there as well. --Aminz 04:32, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

RfC

i have opened an RfC (per the above dispute, which should be read) for views about how relevant reported slavery by Muslims, seemingly without religious injunction, is to the topic of "Islam and slavery", the basic topic of which is "Slavery in Islam". ITAQALLAH 01:24, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Dispute as explained by User: Itaqallah: Dispute over whether reported "modern slavery" apparently at the hands of Muslims is directly relevant to the topic of the history of slavery under Islamic institution as well as slavery in Islamic jurisprudence. Essentially, whether slavery committed by people who happen to be Muslims with no Islamic injunction to do so is related to the topic. Also includes dispute over whether the term "slavery" is within the context of current affairs is being used as an equivocation with "slavery" under Islamic rule. Source issues related to modern slavery also a concern, as is extensive quote-spamming.

Dispute explained by User: Aminz: User: IronDuke is mostly using poor sources usually from websites that are not academic. Some of the sources do not pursue an academic agenda but rather propaganda. Please compare the modern slavery section with other sections of the article which are written using reliable academic sources. For example have a look at : This is a junk website compared to other sources used in this article. Before IronDuke had arrived 99% of the sourced used in this article were those written by renowned scholars (such as Bernard Lewis) peer-reviewed and published by reliable presses. Aside from reliability issue, IronDuke violates NPOV policy by giving undue weight to particular instances. For example, IronDuke finds a particular story found somewhere in the internet and posts it in the article. Implicitly, by doing that he is trying to make a dark picture of Islam. A girl has been gang-raped by six men who happened to be Muslims. What does it have to do with Islam? Why this particular story should be taken as an exemplar of what has been going on? That is POV pushing. --Aminz 02:54, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

This section written using *reliable sources* might be also useful: --Aminz 20:54, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Yes, agreed. Would you please do me a favor and put the section you wrote back as you had it/want it? Or would you rather I did it? Sorry for not having already done it myself. IronDuke 21:39, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Dispute explained by IronDuke: The article, before I came to it, lacked any mention of slavery and Islam in the present day. This is contrary to almost every mainstream source on the subject. There has been a contention that Muslims and slavery has nothing to do with Islam and slavery. I cannot understand that argument; it seems self-evidently false to me. User Itaqallah has pushed me repeatedly for sources (for which I thank him). Now he accuses me of "quote-spamming" (for which I do not). I'm not sure how to react when someone demands sources, then complains that there are too many sources. Aminz agrees with me that at least some of the sources I'm using are good (I hope he'll say which ones). As to his point about the "junk website", Burney has been quoted as an authority by the BBC. Not sure how much better I can do, especially on a current event. Aminz accuses me of giving undue weight, but I inserted the opposing source he provided as soon as I saw it, and would love to put in more opposing cites, if they or I can dig them up. I'll keep looking. IronDuke 04:03, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

The article has become a news article. Giving excessive space to modern slavery or servitude practices has taken over the article, and article has lost its original focus. Recent summarization of slavery in recent times by Aminz was very appropriate. TruthSpreader 00:40, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Reverting to GOOD article

This edit/pov war has spiraled out of control to the vast detriment of this article. I've reverted to the article that got the GA status. Lets discuss the changes we want on this article BEFORE we make any and then with consensus.Hypnosadist 15:58, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Hypno, I appreciate what you're trying to do. However, as there is an active RfC, it will help if people can actually see the edits under scrutiny. If you read the dialogue above, you'll see I've made this point several times. IronDuke 16:19, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Sudan section

References are all biased and questionable. The lengthy quotes are unnecessary. --Kitrus 10:25, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Yeah, we were waiting for RfC. But it seems we should solve the problem ourselves. --Aminz 10:57, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Any good refs that seem to support the other "side" would be welcome. Also, summarizing the some parts of the quotes would be okay as well. IronDuke 19:05, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Is muslim slavery "better" that christian/western slavery?

I doubt it: http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/whtslav.htm And why isn't the fact mentioned, that Muhammad himself was a owner of slaves, whereas Jesus wasn't?

Islam's definition of slavery

I have a question to ask regarding this article - what is Islam's definition of slavery? Is it similar to the Western view of slavery like the African slaves in the Americas? By that, I mean getting whipped brutally, left them to undergo extreme hunger and make them over work, physically, emotionally and sexually abused. Is that how slaves are like in Islam? If there is a difference, what makes it different to Western definition of slavery? --Fantastic4boy 05:03, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

There is no difference, PERIOD!Hypnosadist 09:12, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

on the contrary the two definitions do indeed differ. perhaps i can find for you a scholarly paper on this, but basically you only need to see what the primary texts say to conclude that there is a major gulf in the two definitions. ITAQALLAH 09:28, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Under shariah law, slaves had rights as well as obligations to the master. --Aminz 09:33, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

"rights" enforced by whom? "major gulf in the two definitions" thats just sick is there no limit to the lies!Hypnosadist 12:10, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

If its so good sell your kids to me under those rules! What No! Not even that cousin you don't like.Hypnosadist 12:13, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Slavery as practised in Christendom was different from the way slavery was and is practiced in Islam. However, slaves are still slaves, and don't have the most important human right, freedom. Arrow740 16:41, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Quote farm

The article needs some serious editing. It should be a quarter the length it is now. Arrow740 11:07, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Paul Lovejoy

Who is he? I have sources saying that concubines were slaves, period. Arrow740 03:27, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Recent removals

I've reverted a few changes, because the removals are not discussed. As it is pointed in other disucssions that wikipedia is not based on truth but on the principle of verifiability of information. And just a scholarly comment that when a paper is published in a journal, you don't need to have a famous person to be author to use it as a reference. The Journal itself should be a scholarly peer-reviewed source (hence, verifialbe), and self assertions like xyz is not Islamic scholar is not a valid reason in this regard. You can quote any scholarly journal which is published by big publishing companies like EBSCO and JSTOR. TruthSpreader 03:32, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Law journals are not reliable sources for Quranic exegesis. I am putting my edits back. Before you revert again, please address my concerns with your actions below. Arrow740 03:36, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Truthspreaders edits

Truthspreader, you don't like to read and/or understand edit summaries, so I'll repeat my concerns for you here.

1) A professor of law is not a reliable source for Quranic exegesis. 2) There is no need to mention that the Old and New Testaments accept slavery more than once in the same paragraph. 3) The OR was a personal interpretation of a Quranic verse that made no sense. 4) The exact Quranic verse, as is mentioned in other articles such as Islam, says that masters may not force slaves into prostitution against their will. The "against their will" is a condition, hence the word conditionally. "Force not your maids into prostitution if they desire chastity." See here. As you can hopefully see, this is not an unconditional condemnation.

Please, before doing mass reversions of edits that were made in good faith, try to understand the reasons for edits. Thank you. Arrow740 03:33, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Please see my above response, plus please don't use Qur'an as secondary source. Because asserting directly from Qur'an is purely Original research. TruthSpreader 03:35, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

That's exactly what I removed from the article. Please don't blindly revert, edit-warring doesn't do anyone any good. Arrow740 03:36, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Please undo your reversion. Arrow740 03:37, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Let me see again! TruthSpreader 03:38, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Do you accept that that ayaat does not condemn making slaves prostitutes; it condemns making them prostitutes against their will, i.e. forcing them into prostitution. I did not say that the Quran conditionally allows prostitution. I said that it conditionally condemns it. Arrow740 03:40, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Regarding that ayat, (as I read in tafsir) it is talking about forced prostitution, as it is not warranting prostituion at all, but giving hope to slaves who were living in such deplorable situation. As the other ayat of Qur'an actually asks for death punishment of prostitutes, until it was over ruled by .

Secondly Azizah Y. al-Hibri is president of Muslim Women Lawyers for Human Rights. TruthSpreader 03:46, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

I think it is pretty clear that a lawyer, publishing in law journals, is not a reliable source for analysis of the Quran or Islamic history! Let's address the issue of the sentence in question: "Female slaves were at times prostituted for the benefit of their masters in accordance with Near Eastern customs, the practice of which is condemned in the Qur'an 24:33." Now, we agree that the sentence is not accurate? What do you suggest instead? Arrow740 03:51, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

I also have a problem with this sentence: "Some Islamic scholars assert that sexual relations with concubines were only permitted because slavery couldn't be eradicated immediately being an essential component of social and economic infra-structure, as Qur'an presents marriage as the only legal way of satisfying one's sexual desires." Now, it's fine for Ghamidi to assert that, though I need this to be verified. However, we know this to be false, because sex with ma malakat aymanukum is also legal, both accordng to the Quran, Muhammad's practice, Islamic law throughout the ages. So Ghamidi's view is an extreme minority view. Shouldn't we remove it? Arrow740 03:55, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Again! Misplaced Pages is not based on truth, it is based on verifiability. Secondly, this is the same verse which I quoted on Muhammad's slaves from another source that Qur'an now doesn't give permission to have sexual relations with slaves, but only for those who had had slaves at that time. This is exactly what the "Sexuality in Islam" thesis was suggesting as well. Although, many people didn't act upon it (which I agree).

Regarding Ghamidi, I think this can be referenced to other sources as well. And also, this comment is not taking too much space at all. TruthSpreader 03:59, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

The Quran says you can have sex with ma malakat aymanukum and Ghamidi doesn't change that. Alright, can we compromise and take out the lawyer and leave Ghamidi? If we leave Ghamidi then we should add "arguing that the verses allowing sex with concubines only applied to Muhammad and his contemporaries, though this is a minority view." After all it is contradicted by Ibn Kathir, Ibn Taimiyya, etc. In general, verifiability is more important, however as editors if we see something we know to be false, we should remove it. Arrow740 04:04, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Well! it is already stated as "some" scholars assert that. Secondly, when we quote Lewis, Watt, Esposito or scholarly journals, they don't need to reflect what Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Kathir say or what Muslims have done, but rather interpretation of Qur'an on their basis and they mainly comment on early Muslim society (being scholars of Islamic text and history, not the reproduction of Medievel Islamlic scholars). TruthSpreader 04:12, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

The thesis is not notable. It should not be used in the body of the article. However I am willing to compromise and have it be in "further reading" or something like that. Also I am going to put the "conditionally condemns" back in unless you have a better suggestion. Arrow740 04:09, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Regarding PhD thesis, it is scholarly publication. You don't wonder why Ibn Warraq couldn't get his PhD. TruthSpreader 04:14, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

I don't think he ever tried to get one. Did he? Arrow740 04:16, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

So is "conditionally condemns" or "condemns forced prostitution" OK? Also include the extreme minority Ghamidi but exclude the lawyer is fair? I suppose that for now I have no objection to allowing the thesis as long as the author is never mentioned by name, and Ghamidi is one we're really quoting. The Ghamidi quote needs to be longer, as I said, and it should be noted that this is a minority view. Arrow740 04:16, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Qur'an prohibits extramarital relations (and prostitution is worst kind of it). Qur'an is simply saying to those prostitutes who are being forced that they don't need to worry about God's wrath. There is no question of legality at all. It is condemned in any case (as suggested by the cited source). Secondly, the Lawyer you are talking about again and again, her many publications are related to Islam, she is definitely related to Islamic jurisprudence (which also comes under category of Law in Law schools, as Law schools do study religious laws in some cases). Regarding Ghamidi view, there must be other scholars who would support this assertion. Normally, Ghamidi has very close correlation in his writing to Islahi, which might also be used as a source, but I need to search for that. TruthSpreader 04:23, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

"Qur'an prohibits extramarital relations" no that's false. Ever since Muhammad affluent Muslim men have been having sex with slaves. You know it, the Quran permits it. It's OK in Islam. I think you also know that your argument that the lawyer is a reliable source is not convincing. You have repeatedly refused to address the issue of 24:33. Please respond to my comments or I will just institute the changes. Arrow740 05:05, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

if, as the article claims, al-Hibri truly specialises in Islamic law and jurisprudence, then she does indeed become qualified to make comments on the primary sources and their legal implications. ITAQALLAH 08:22, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Should we not apply the same logic to Spencer and Bat Ye'or, who specialize in jihad, dhimma, and Islamic history? It is a matter of qualification. Arrow740 08:30, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

indeed it is. discussion continued at Talk:Dhimmi#al-Hibri. ITAQALLAH 08:59, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

The block of quotes

So, I think that all these quotes from the Quran and hadith should be removed. They are all selected to promote a particular POV; this section is unacceptable. There are two options; I will find the quotes about slavery from the Quran and hadith which cast Islam in a bad light and put them here, removing half of the pro-Islam quotes, or we can remove the quotes altogether. The latter option seems to be a more encyclopedic choice and would produce a more stable article. Arrow740 05:39, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

use all of the quotes you can find, if POV is your concern. for now, i will restore the quotes. ITAQALLAH 01:17, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

On what pretext? Arrow740 01:21, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

on the pretext that what the primary texts say about slavery is highly relevant. the article achieved GA status with them in. i see no justification for removal. ITAQALLAH 01:25, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

the Schimmel cite as follows has been tagged:

Annemarie Schimmel, a contemporary scholar on Islamic civilization, asserts that because the status of slave under Islam could only be obtained through either being a prisoner of war (this was soon restricted only to infidels captured in a holy war) or born from slave parents, slavery would be theoretically abolished with the expansion of Islam

exactly what clarification is needed? ITAQALLAH 01:25, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Because Islam expanded and slavery didn't end, duh. In fact the more Muhammad expanded it the more people he enslaved. Arrow740 01:28, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

"Only children of slaves or non-Muslim prisoners can become slaves, never a freeborn Muslim; therefore slavery is theoretically doomed to disappear with the expansion of Islam." ITAQALLAH 01:39, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

With the total takeover of Islam. What a terrible quote. Arrow740 01:52, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

How was this "Only children of slaves or non-Muslim prisoners can become slaves, never a freeborn Muslim; therefore slavery is theoretically doomed to disappear with the expansion of Islam." enforced. Perhaps a biometric ID card system? Can you find any legal cases were slaves were freed after proving they should not be slaves (as opposed to non-muslim's who deserve to be slaves). Notice i did not mention the world domination. Hypnosadist 07:10, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

I don't understand Schimmel's logic here; are slaves not allowed to reproduce?Proabivouac 07:36, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

the child is born free unless both parents are slaves. ITAQALLAH 10:06, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

So thats a yes to slaves can be breed Forever meaning slavery would Never end. It had not stopped in 1200 years and it would not have stopped in the next 1200 years world domination or no world domination.Hypnosadist 12:43, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

The elimination of slavery is, then, premised upon male slaveowners impregnating their female slaves, while male slaves are left without mates. Depending on the slave, that might make sexual, but not economic, sense.Proabivouac 13:15, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

i thought i answered this (seemingly not though), but (all) slaves have the right of marriage. that includes male slaves. as far as i know, if a female slave is married, then the master is not permitted to copulate with her. ITAQALLAH 10:46, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

There is, then, no reason to believe that slavery would be eliminated per, "Only children of slaves or non-Muslim prisoners can become slaves, never a freeborn Muslim." Only if the mating rights of slaves were somehow curtailed or discouraged would Schimmel's assertion make sense.Proabivouac 11:03, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Itaqallah's reverts

Blocks of quotes are not encyclopedic. You have placed a block of quotes into an article that is entirely biased and unencyclopedic. Where were you when I first posted to this talk page about it? Is it only today that you thought to wikistalk me?

As regards your other bad-faith reversion, there is no claim of "exageration" as you put it. Also CNN and the BBC produced hard evidence of slavery, such as first hand accounts, and a little boy whose finger was cut off.

The title of the subsection "Existence of slavery disputed" is also highly misleading, as Nasr is not denying that it exists, just that it's not really that bad to be enslaved in that manner. "Sudan insists that the whole matter is no more than the traditional tribal feuding over resources," this is not a denial either.

Maybe you should read the article before editing it? Arrow740 01:28, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

wikistalk? ridiculous. this article has been on my watchlist since before you even came to wikipedia. i was planning on responding for a few days now. the existence is indeed disputed, you need to read Nasr's quote again. please refer to my above response concerning the quotes: i invite you to find as many negative ones as you can and insert them. ITAQALLAH 01:33, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Please explain to me how Nasr is denying the existence of slavery? In fact no one does, and the CNN and BBC reports present hard facts. Do YOU deny it? Could anyone? You assume that you are in a good position to push POV with these quotes, though you're not. In any case your response does not reflect well on you. Arrow740 01:57, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Nasr is simply stating that the 'slavery' alleged to exist is little more than the 'slavery' that exist in Western and Chinese sweatshops. it's an analogy, slavery doesn't exist in the latter areas, through which he qualifies that such alleged slavery is not actually slavery at all. accusing editors of POV-pushing is uncivil. i suggest you refrain from it. ITAQALLAH 02:08, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

He isn't saying slavery doesn't exist. This is obvious to a thoughtful native speaker of english. Arrow740 05:56, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Slavery in Islamic texts

I have removed this recently-added section, at it is only a long list of Qur'anic and hadith quotes. I also do not understand why, should there be an occasion where a Qur'anic quote is appropriate, we should prefer an unknown translator in preference to three very well-known ones whose translation are to be found in the accompanying links.Proabivouac 02:13, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

you removed it as original research. in the light of (WP:OR#Primary, secondary, and tertiary_sources), could you please explain on what basis it is original research? we should stick to one translation, preferably Y. Ali for Qur'anic quotes as that is most prominent. ITAQALLAH 02:16, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

per , in what way was it OR? not every usage of primary source material amounts to original research. ITAQALLAH 02:11, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

That's probably not the right word for it, but it's the one generally used in this situation. However, it's generally agreed that such sections are unencyclopedic. There are no secondary sources to accompany their presentation, and frankly they look terrible, especially with the hideous quote devices which are out of control in this space. I'd say the same for the news reports - can't we use something a little less dramatic? Perhaps a List of Qur'anic verses related to slavery is the way to go, included as a link. Lists are not expected to be encyclopedic. That way the information could be available without marring the article. It would certainly be encyclopedic to include any of them as an accompaniment to a sourced discussion of notable/historical fiqh of these verses, but in this case the verse would only be an accompaniment to the texts. This article could use more of that.

Having said all that, I do not necessarily think that any reference to primary sources is original research, and you are correct to observe that the policy doesn't say that. I should have said that the long list was horribly unencyclopedic. It is typical for editors to call it OR, but I think that's just laziness (as it was in my case). I wish there were some agreement everyone could come to the proper use of Qur'an and hadith. What I see now is many editors switching stances on this depending on the issue.

In any event, we should not be using anonymous translations - I agree that Yusuf Ali is to be preferred. What do you think of the list idea?Proabivouac 03:21, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Alternative to quranic quotes

Couldn't we just list the surah and ayat of the quotes in the text? e.g.

The Qur'an urges

• kindness towards slaves (4:36, 9:60, 24:33, 40:13)
• freeing slaves for the expiation of sins (4:92, 5:92, 18:3)
• and the recognizing of concubinage (4:3, 23:6, 33:50-52)

--BoogaLouie 23:28, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Seeing no objections I'm going to do it. --BoogaLouie 22:07, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

How about having muslims admit that the above naturally means that islam supports and legalises slavery. PS and "kindness towards slaves (4:36, 9:60, 24:33, 40:13)" have never been enforced.Hypnosadist 05:57, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Muslims have the right to interpret their religion as they please. Our job is not to interpret the Qur'an but to report the important interpretations of it over time. Now Muslims predominately believe that the Qur'an calls for a progressive ban of slavery--Muslims throughout history have not always believed that and, as you know, many Muslims have owned slaves. The Qur'an does not "naturally mean" anything. It is given meaning through interpretation. So, let us report those. Religion evolves and what you or I think the Qur'an means is... meaningless. gren グレン 22:13, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

"Now Muslims predominately believe that the Qur'an calls for a progressive ban of slavery." Sure pal. Arrow740 22:24, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

I'd disagree here. Even scholarly sources also point to this fact. Freeing of slaves, asking for treating slaves good, and then at the end giving slaves the right to make contract with their masters! What does that show? A scholarly paper was simply rejected on the basis that it was published in a Law Journal. Althoug, it was a peer-reviewed journal, I don't know who gave us (wikipedians) to weigh opinion when the publishing source is a scholarly one. And also the author was well-versed in Islamic-jurisprudence. TruthSpreader 23:37, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Well-versed is not a qualification. I'm going to add quotes to the effect that slavery is divinely ordained and eternal in Islam when I have time. Arrow740 23:46, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Would you like to share your source? Because all the sources which I've read so far they say that Islam took slavery as granted, rather than it was ordained Divinely. And it also mitigated slavery as well. And then you have other (yet scholarly) opinions which say that the ultimatly it was prohibited to take more slaves at the end of prophet's life. TruthSpreader 01:21, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Avicenna said "there must be masters and slaves." I can give you 10 people saying that it is lawful to enslave any non-believers in jihad. Lewis says, "The manumission of slaves, though recommended as a meritorious act, is not required, and the institution of slavery not only is recognized buy is elaborately regulated by Sharia law...From a Muslim point of view, to forbid what God permits is almost as great an offense as to permit what God forbids - and slavery was authorized and regulated by the holy law...The emergence of the holy men and the holy places as the last-ditch defenders of slavery against reform is only an apparent paradox. They were upholding an institution sanctiied by scripture, law, and tradition and one which in their eyes was necessary to the maintenance of the social structure of Muslim life." (p 78). "In Islam, concubinage was sanctioned by the law and indeed by the Quran itself." I have others. Arrow740 03:13, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

This argument is already there in article. You can add a bit more from what you stated above. But I believe that it is really, ridiculous to actually discard some scholarly source and only including those ones with which you are happy. I think both views should be there in the article (especially when both are scholarly). Also, the comment from PhD thesis was also removed very mercilessly, when it had direct relation to article with title "Sexuality in Islam" by Heba G. Kotb M.D. TruthSpreader 03:47, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

The article already presents a sanitized view of slavery in Islam. The lawyer added no new insight here as the POV she expresses is already expressed by others. This unqualified, biased source should not be included on these grounds. Arrow740 06:50, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Where is she being quoted? Is it from a law journal or from a book? Arrow740 07:02, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

It is a POV, but it is a scholarly POV. It is a scholarly Jounral, which you can see here. Plus, I've explained earlier couple of times, PhD thesis are peer-reviewed as well. TruthSpreader 07:06, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Though if not published, unnotable. Arrow740 07:40, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

I'm sure you can find her spouting her theories in a book, a more reliable source than a journal for a different field. Arrow740 07:42, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Unpublished? who said that? Journals are published mate! TruthSpreader 07:43, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

<reset> I was referring to the thesis. Arrow740 07:48, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Theses are endorsed by Universities. And they are also used in scholarly papers to refer for scholarly findings. I wish you'd be a PhD student to know it. *sigh* TruthSpreader 07:52, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

You wish that do you? The standard for being published in a journal is different than for a thesis. Not all theses are notable, a random thesis you found online is certainly not. Arrow740 07:54, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

I do wish that! The thesis was supervised by William Granzig. I don't see any reason for its being unscholarly. Otherwise it couldn't pass through strict scruitining of external examiners and University Syndicate board (as a badly and unscholarly thesis would bring bad name to the University). And the thesis itself has attracted alot of media attention in Muslim world TruthSpreader 08:04, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Without any insult to Professor William Granzig, the thesis is not a notable source. And Maurice Bucaille's "book" is the second best selling book in the Muslim world so the standards don't seem to be very high over there. Also please desist your wikistalking. Arrow740 08:10, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

It is not only the notability of the source, but also scholarliness of the source also matters. And I don't think that Professor William Granzig will forgive you for this insult ;). TruthSpreader 08:13, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Yes, and TruthSpreader, I'm surprised you didn't know that there are a fair number of Muslim scholars talked of it as a divine system, albeit, one with a way out of slavery. You should read "A Quest for Honour": Slavery, Islam, and the Contributions of Martin Klein to African History" E. Ann McDougall. Canadian Journal of African Studies, Vol. 34, No. 3. (2000), pp. 546-564. It was very interesting about the processes of late slavery in Africa. We can't pretend that Muslims didn't think that slavery was divinely allowed. It differs in different places and we should make that clear. You have many views. The view that Islam progressively sought to end slavery (which is MSA Islam seems to argue a bunch). The view that slavery is okay because Islamic slavery allowed for equality and whatnot. The modernists like Sayyid Ahmad Khan who opposed it and argued that the Qur'an opposed it and such. I think this book would be interesting since it seems to talk about the different camps. I think it's clear that many Muslims have felt pressure from Western abolition in how they speak about slavery. It worries me that TruthSpreader seems to want to sanitize the issue and Arrow wants to make slavery an eternal to Islam. If you can get a copy of the article from the Canadian Journal of African Studies I would recommend reading it. Its tone is very well done where it speaks of the complexity of slavery and Islam while not speaking positively or negatively about Islam's impact on it. If we could emulate that tone this could be a good article. gren グレン 04:10, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Thank you Gren! Your comments are indeed useful. I have access to this journal. If you can quote the name of a few related articles in that journal, that'll great. Cheers! TruthSpreader 05:57, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Syed Ahmed Khan shows an interesting 19th century view of slavery. :O And he is the article of the day. gren グレン 03:15, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Slavery isn't that bad

According to this POV article. KittyHawker 20:00, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

I know, though the justifications say so much don't they!Hypnosadist 21:29, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

1. If you think something ridiculous, you can not remove it. Because that's your POV.
2. The source as quoted here says that Mukatabat was a right given to slaves to buy their freedom. The scholars might be divided on the interpretation of the verse but you need another source to show the dividing.
3. Ghamidi is a reliable source.
4. The quote from Nasr is referenced.

--Aminz 02:01, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

We are under no obligation to include silly justifications for immoral practices. Arrow740 02:21, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

It is silly in your eyes. Note that your edits can be interpreted as disruption. --Aminz 06:09, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

No, yours can, because you revert without explanation. Arrow740 06:41, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

You can see my explanation above. KittyHawker virtually didn't reason anything. --Aminz 06:42, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

You like ignoring edit summaries and claiming that no reasons were given. Please stop that. Also you've had 5 4 reverts here. You are the disruptive one. Arrow740 06:49, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Of course, Ghamidi is a perfectly legitimate source for interpreting the Qur'an (as opposed to, say, history). However, I'm not clear he's all that notable within a history of over a millenium of jurisprudence; certainly not enough to be our main source here. Reading this article, I'd like to see a discussion of how attitudes over this whole time period. I don't have the knowledge to do it myself, but I hope someone does.Proabivouac 06:54, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

unfortunately, many of User:KittyHawker's edits were unacceptably tendentious and poorly justified. ITAQALLAH 14:18, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Mukatabat section

Folks, we can't just appoint Ghamidi, who is not particularly representative of historical Islamic jurisprudence, as the official interpreter of the Qur'an here. Whoever added this material (I have my ideas) has a serious biased editting problem. Message: Misplaced Pages is not a a soapbox for our own personal views, however strongly held, about Islam.Proabivouac 06:27, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

I moved it to Mukatabat article. That's true. Ghamidi is one scholar. But I don't think his views are dissent on this matter. Just based on my personal experience. --Aminz 06:30, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

I see that. I moved the tags along with it. I'd have to see more sources here, but my initial reaction is that the notion of a gradually-unfolding, increasingly socially-progressive revelation sound far too Ghamidi-ish for me to accept without proof that other scholars believe this exactly.Proabivouac 06:38, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Ghamidi represents a very minority view, not just today but especially when you concider the 1200 of islamically sanctioned slave ownership.Hypnosadist 14:21, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

GA delisted

I have delisted this article from good articles due to long-standing neutrality disputes, excessive use of quotes, and persistent edit warring. Feel free to nominate the article for GA status again once the problems are resolved. Beit Or 10:26, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Good!Hypnosadist 13:48, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Propaganda and western demonization of Islam

The title of this section is biassed and says nothing about "the west" just christians.Hypnosadist 14:22, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Even if balanced by a section about 'turd-polishing' efforts from other sources re the representing of enslavement under Islam how does it the understanding understanding of either of the key issues viz:
a) describing the extent of slavery toleration under Islam
b) relating the history of Islam-sponsored slavery
c)the extent of support (if any) from Islam for the Abolitionist Movement.

I'm moving it to a place where it will find some relevance like Islamaphobia.

DavidYork71 00:01, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

It has found it's place under 'Islam slavery as a cause of Islamophobia' at the aforementioned page. DavidYork71 00:20, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Recent edits

• al-Nasr's first quote is so vague that it conveys no historical information,
• al-Nasr's second quote does not question the existence of slavery,
• Schimmel's quote is vague and is so far from the intended meaning (once everyone is Muslim there won't be any more people enslaved in war) that is cannot remain,
• al-Hibri is a lawyer with no training in Islamic studies or history and publishes in law journals,
• rationalizations for extramarital sex with slaves is so unscholarly that we are under no obligation to include it,
• "sex with concubines was only permitted because..." is similarly devoid of content, it is a rationalization and neither exegesis nor history,
• I think we all know that mukataba is a contract, not a right. That doesn't even make sense. You should be saying mukataba is a contract that slaves had a right to (and you would be wrong). Arrow740 04:00, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Would it be possible for someone to share the Schimmel passage upon which the deleted material was based?Proabivouac 08:16, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Arrow, we discussed Hibri before. She is specialized in Islamic jurispundence and teaches course on that in University of Richmond. She is also a former professor of philosophy. In any case, she is reliable source. 2. Why Schimmel's quote is so far from the intended meaning? and why is it vague. To me it very clear. The slaves were generally imported into Muslim lands due to the restrictions imposed on a free person becoming a slave 3. Mukataba according to some scholars is a right(per EoI quote and Ghamidi agrees with that). 4. Both of Nasr's quotes are not vague and they are quite relevant. --Aminz 08:32, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

• "She is specialized in Islamic jurispundence and teaches course on that in University of Richmond. She is also a former professor of philosophy. In any case, she is reliable source." Yes, for philosophy and law, and whatever she publishes in peer-reviewed journals, as long as the journals are journals of whatever we're using her for. She wants to be an expert on Islamic jurisprudence but that's not quite enough. We know that students teach classes every day, so please stop bringing that up.
• "Why Schimmel's quote is so far from the intended meaning? and why is it vague. To me it very clear." She can only be saying, once everyone is Muslim, there will be no one left to enslave. However, what we are quoting is basically, "theoretically, slavery should end." Do you see the problem? A statement about a hypothetical situation is being presented as an apology.
• "Mukataba according to some scholars is a right(per EoI quote and Ghamidi agrees with that)." Obviously you didn't read what I wrote. It is a contract. How can a contract be a right? Maybe you can think of some other contracts that are also rights. Anyway, the "if you find good in them" means it's not obligatory as Lewis and Gordon point out.
• "Both of Nasr's quotes are not vague and they are quite relevant." The "many pious Muslims" one is vague. In fact there was no opposition between being a pious Muslim and owning slaves, and I will quote to that effect soon. Besides, "many" means at least three. Please admit that that is vauge. Please. The other quote is not vauge but was being completely mischaracterized. It was not a denial of slavery as it was presented, just saying that slavery wasn't that bad. Do you see the difference? Arrow740 08:45, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

1. al-Hibri guest-edited a special volume on Islam for the Journal of Law and Religion. She wrote a book named:"Sex, Marriage and Family in World Religions Columbia University Press". She os the professor (not TA) on the "Islamic Jurisprudence" at the university. Without qualifications she couldn't have done that. She is certainly a reliable source. 2. She says that the slavery naturally dies within the Islamic state, so the slavery theoretically ends with expansion of Islam. 3. It is obligation according to some, EoI says. 4. I will provide more details of the other views. As Gren pointed out Seyed Ahmad Khan is one example. It is not vague. "Many" doesn't mean at least 3. No. If we say many americans voted for Bush it doesn't mean at least 3 voted. And it appears to me that you only want to find a reason to remove the sourced material. I changed the heading of the section. --Aminz 08:59, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

1. If you want to quote from those books that would be a different story. And yes, students are the lecturers all the time. We both know that she has no degrees in the area. 2. False, Islam expanded and slavery didn't end. We're under no obligation to include false statements. 3. No, please try to understand. It is a contract. What you are probably trying to say is, the slaves had the right to the contract. Is that what you are trying to say? Anyway, views don't change the facts as reported by Lewis. 4. Yes it does. Many means three. This material is not history. Historians don't talk that way. Do you accept that? Arrow740 09:08, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Again, would someone be willing to share the relevant Schimmel passage in full?Proabivouac 09:13, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

I guess Itaqallah added it, so he might have access to the source. I don't. --Aminz 09:17, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Aminz, it is unfortunate that you have abandoned the talk and resorted to disruptive edit-warring. I'm willing to offer a compromise. Both the flawed Nasr quotes can stay with the title on that section changed. As for the rest my position is as above.Arrow740 10:02, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

I have not abandoned talk page. You have not provided any new argument. --Aminz 10:03, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

I would be happy if some other people read my arguments and what you wrote and gave an opinion on the acceptability of the material in question. Arrow740 10:22, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Proabivouac, i believe i quoted the passage above. "We're under no obligation to include false statements." and you're in no position to judge what is or isn't false, Arrow. as for "disruptive edit-warring," you have been doing so simultaneously over numerous articles, including this one. thus, such wikilawyering is needless. as for Hibri, we have already shown several times why she is competent in the field of Islamic law and jurisprudence, and her resume provides ample proof. ITAQALLAH 15:52, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Arguments why Azizah Y. al-Hibri is a reliable source

• She is specialized in Islamic jurispundence and teaches course on that in University of Richmond. She is also a former professor of philosophy. (Her area of speciality is "Comparative legal theory (especially Islamic-American in areas of human rights, and constitutional, contractual, and family law), Human rights (especially Muslim women's rights), Islamic jurisprudence,..."
• She guest-edited a special volume on Islam for the Journal of Law and Religion.
• She has written a lot on Islam, e.g. the book "Sex, Marriage and Family in World Religions Columbia University Press"; "The Nature of the Islamic Marriage: Sacramental, Covenantal, or Contractual,"
• In her website she putted the source we want to use "An Islamic Perspective on Domestic Violence," 27 Fordham International Law Journal 195 (December 2003)." as a featured publication of her.
• She has been a visiting scholar at "Harvard Divinity School and Center for the Study of World Religions"

--Aminz 10:38, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Arrow's response

• No arguments here that pertain to WP:RS. She says it's an "area of interest" by the way.
• Same
• She published book on sex, marriage and family in world religion with a university press, OK, how does that pertain? I'm not sure what you were trying to convey with the next phrase.
• "Fordham International Law Journal" she even admits: "Dr. al-Hibri publishes mostly in law journals and other legal publications."
• Probably to learn.

No qualifications like degrees or anything like that, so we'd have to go with the publisher, if it's a RS for the material use it, otherwise don't. That is in keeping with WP:RS. Arrow740 10:52, 17 February 2007 (UTC) She dabbles (and basically admits as much) and to a small degree she's been indulged (they let her teach a couple classes, the law journal published her article talking about hadith, etc). That's it. Arrow740 10:58, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

• Okay, now let's ask for comment. --Aminz 11:03, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

There are of course other issues above besides her. Arrow740 11:14, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

• the Fordham International law journal is an entirely appropriate publisher for this subject. since when wasn't Islamic law a sub-category of law? it doesn't specialise in "Western" law, it deals with all types of foreign and international legal systems, and evidently that includes Islamic law. furthermore, that she teaches at recognised institutions and has received prestigious awards (i.e. the Fulbright Award (which is a scholarship) from the University of Qatar's Sharia school) on the subjects, and has her work on Islamic law published by numerous reputed presses, merely points further towards her obvious pedigree. attempts to dismiss these points remain unconvincing and ineffective. ITAQALLAH 16:05, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Please explain why she is any way qualified to speak about Islam and slavery and whether there is anyone out there who shares her views. Beit Or 21:48, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

she is qualified to speak on Islamic jurisprudence, and in this case on what Islamic jurisprudence says about slavery. ITAQALLAH 22:27, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Her hypothetical assertion based on flawed logic has no place here. "a contemporary scholar on Islamic civilization, asserts that because the status of slave under Islam could only be obtained through either being a prisoner of war (this was soon restricted only to infidels captured in a holy war) or born from slave parents, slavery would be theoretically abolished with the expansion of Islam" is just wrong. Slave breading like in Rome and America after the end of the trans-atlantic supply just becomes the order of the day. Not to mention the problem proving you are not owned or muslim on muslim jihad. Also its a cheap attempt to make it the slaves fault for being slaves! why i hear you ask? because if they were muslims the poor slave owner wouldn't be forced to wage jihad on them and enslave them. It's just plain insulting! Hypnosadist 23:58, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

I quote from :

The Fordham International Law Journal, published five times annually, provides a forum for student and professional articles concerning issues in international law. The Journal is managed by a board of student editors and is staffed by students who demonstrate interest and ability through the Unified Writing Competition. Membership on the Journal staff contributes significantly to a student's legal education, in particular the development of legal research and writing skills. The Journal has the distinction of being the only international law journal in the library of the European Court of Justice. In addition, the Journal maintains subscribers throughout Europe, Asia, and Latin America, and is available on LEXIS and WESTLAW.

It's a student publication from a university that isn't particularly prestigious. This is a joke. I should have known something like this was going on. Arrow740 00:05, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Now that this issue has been decided I would appreciate input on the other things we're disputing, aside from the Nasr and Sikainga which I've agreed to compromise on. Arrow740 00:06, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

i don't see any issue that has "been decided", except by your self. the journal is maintained by students and overseen by academics, the scholars who contribute to the journal are not necessarily students themselves. regardless, the journal is regarded as academic and prestigious. ans as we already know, al-Hibri is more than qualified enough to speak on the issue. ITAQALLAH 00:16, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

As I elucidated above, according to usual definitions of qualifications (not that you pay particular attention to standard definitions of words) she doesn't seem to have any. Arrow740 01:09, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

her resume suggests otherwise. in both instances you cite, you were incorrect. ITAQALLAH 01:16, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

We need an outside opinion. The summer school in Bahrain or wherever seems to be her only training in an Islam-related area. I wonder if she presented herself in Arabia the way she looks in the picture. Arrow740 01:19, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

we already had one the last time we discussed the issue, namely Merzbow's. ITAQALLAH 01:23, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

User:Merzbow is a Saudi Agent (just kidding). Seriously, I guess I'll file an RfC or something. It is better to have something conclusive. Arrow740 01:26, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

I think the situation for law journal is unique in that the most prestigious of them are, in fact, run by students. The FILJ page claims that "According to a study made by Washington and Lee University, Fordham International Law Journal was the number 5 most cited international and comparative law journal in the world." And the Harvard Law Review is also student-run; I'm not even a lawyer and I've heard of this famous and prestigious journal many times. It would be interesting to get an opinion by a lawyer to either back this up or not. In fact, I believe well-known user Newyorkbrad (talk · contribs) is a lawyer, I'll drop him a note. - Merzbow 02:14, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

What are these students supposed to know about Islam? Arrow740 02:56, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Newyorkbrad has agreed with me that notable law journals are, in fact, student run. We can speculate about what they may and may not know about Islam, but the reliability of the publication has been conclusively established now. - Merzbow 03:06, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Very well. Now, are we to take it to be a reliable source for any subject the board cares to publish about? Arrow740 03:38, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Of course not, if they publish an editorial on wine criticism it certainly won't be notable. But I think the subject of Islamic jurisprudence is close enough. I don't think law review journals are restricted to publishing only about American legal topics. - Merzbow 05:50, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Islamic jurisprudence is fundamentally different from secular law because the source documents are religious. These student editors were in no position to evaluate al-Hibri's paper. Arrow740 19:08, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

The article says that verses 4:36, 9:60, 24:33, and 40:13 advise Muslims to treat their slaves well. This statement is sourced to Bernard Lewis. Why do we need Al-Hibri to rehash the same point? Beit Or 19:20, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Edit warring

is bad. Maybe my attempt at compromise will help... but in any case please don't change it if you are going to go back and forth edit warring. It's not a great solution but it beats back and forth editing until I have to block someone for 3RR or protect the page. Now, onward discussioning. gren グレン 10:30, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Gren, Islam accepted slavery and so did all religions. I am afraid this association is related to part of what Mark Leopold, senior associate member at St Antony's College at Oxford University warns of: "The easy association of slavery with Islam throughout much of the earlier literature (found especially but by no means exclusively in Christian missionary writings) is one aspect of much wider, and perhaps currently more dangerous than every Western demonization of Muslim faith and its believers." --Aminz 10:32, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Gren, also please take a look at where Beit Or is removing well-sourced material. --Aminz 10:33, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Please stick to the subject of "islam and slavery" instead of starting the article by pointing to Judaism, Christianity, and other, unnamed religions. Beit Or 10:36, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

This sentence is descriptive. Why should we single out Islam as a religion approving slavery when all religions do? The section is certainly focused on slavery in Islam. I can not see anyhting about regulation of say Judaism regarding slavery. --Aminz 10:47, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

First, the claim that all religions endorse slavery is POV. Secondly, this article is about Islam and slavery, so please stick to subject. Thirdly, I continue to be amazed by your approach to writing Misplaced Pages: you assess material for inclusion on the basis of whether it's good or bad for the image of Islam. Beit Or 11:01, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Lewis says: "In 1842 the British Consul General in Morocco, as part of his government's worldwide endeavor to bring about the abolition of slavery or at least the curtailment of the slave trade, made representations to the sultan of that country asking him what measures, if any, he had taken to accomplish this desirable objective. The sultan replied, in a letter expressing evident astonishment, that "the traffic in slaves is a matter on which all sects and nations have agreed from the time of the sons of Adam . . . up to this day." The sultan continued that he was "not aware of its being prohibited by the laws of any sect, and no one need ask this question, the same being manifest to both high and low and requires no more demonstration than the light of day. The sultan was only slightly out of date concerning the enactment of laws to abolish or limit the slave trade, and he was sadly right in his general historic perspective."--Aminz 11:04, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Islam-related articles are often written from the defensive position... which is bad, and neutrality should solve the issue of demonization. You'll note that Christianity and slavery does not use a comparison to other religions... but, it's also poorly written making the struggle between Abolitionists and slavers into an anachronistic struggle. If we put things in social context: the state of the economy, modes of production, societal organization, it helps to explain things. However, people love to write these articles in the form of Islam is bad because it had lots of slavery and Christianity is good because it abolished it. I'm not fully sure how to make people write in more academic styles rather than using history to justify the goodness or badness of something/someone. gren グレン 10:52, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Why is adding "like all other religions" bad? I am fine with adding the same thing to all other articles. But as I showed above, this is more necessary in the case of Islam, because some people might have this misconception: That Islam approved slavery and Christianity didn't. Only Christins did that. --Aminz 10:58, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

You've totally missed the point, even though Gren has put it very well. An encyclopedia article must dispassionately discuss its subject matter, not fight some alleged misconceptions. Beit Or 11:04, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

"like other religions" is only 3 words. Why should we remove it. It is not a section. It is descriptive and informative. --Aminz 11:06, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

It immediately distracts readers from the purpose of the article which is to answer to the question 'Just how far does Islam tolerate and/or promote slavery?', and to provide relevant historical examples of Islam-sponsored slavery (or an Islamic side to the abolitionist movement, though I'm not aware that there was one until the 20th century). The equivalent question with respect to other philosophies/religions is addresseed on other dedicated wiki articles, so the place to refer inquisitive readers is with links to slavery, slavery and buddhism, under the == See also == heading near the end.

Even to say 'Islam is -a- religion which ..(condones forms of slavery practice)' is to be needlessly indirect. Go to the point and put it thus:

"Islam condones (etc with respect to slavery, including circumstances of persons being born into slavery, ownership, right of concubinage, right to determine the identity of the marriage partner, prerogative to sell and trade) ... and this means in practice (authority to direct livelihood and actions, rights to discipline, master's inheritance, slaves inheritance, return of seized and runaway slaves, etc)... however there were certain admonitions against mistreatment of well-behaved slaves etc ... and the status of slaves approximated to that of freemen (in respect of x,y and z but not a,b, and c) ... while 'believing' slaves had an advantage over other slaves in respect of (acceptability as marriage partners, acceptability of their manumission as expiation for manslaughter) ... finally, slave status could be upgraded to that of mawali by the fulfilment of the mukataba, an umm walad could not be sold and would acquire free status upon her master's death, and there was otherwise a chance for slaves to be freed at the master's discretion or as an act of (in one case necessary, in other cases sufficient) expiation for certain sins of the master as per Quran."

Let's hear a !HOI! from all who have a consensus with that! DavidYork71 04:00, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

I would be much more comfortable adding something like "Muslims inherited a slaving system not only from their Arabian heritage but from former Byzantine and Sassanid lands which they conquered." You'd need to find proper citations but I have learned this, etc. Islam was not this great unique thing where everything produced in the early 600s came straight from the mouth of God and was given to the Islamic lands. They conquered and used systems already in place for the most part until over time they began to make their own history rather than inheriting it. Early Islam ruled over a majority of non-Muslims. Context like that is fine and if you can find good works on how Islam took over the Persian and Byzantine slaving systems that would be of great interest. Also, the slaving systems differed I am sure from Africa (especially when Colonial slave routes made it much more hardcore) to Central Asia (which wasn't a major part of the slave system to my knowledge). That would be informative and it would show that slaving isn't uniquely Islamic in a way that's not being apologetic but instead explaining historical processes. gren グレン 11:10, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

That's a good suggestion. And I agree with your general statements about development of Shariah. I think in the process of "making their own history rather than inheriting it", the forged hadith justifying previously enforced laws were also important. --Aminz 11:15, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

I can't agree with you more, Gren. However, it is inappropriate to use the existence of slavery in non-Muslim societies to deflect possible criticism of Islam. This is a tu quoque fallacy and not related to the subject of the article. Interestingly, this defense is also illogical from the Muslim standpoint: Islam is supposed to be the perfect, God-sanctioned way of life. If, in at least some aspects, it is bad, but no worse than others, then how can it be perfect? Beit Or 11:19, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

No, I don't think Shariah is meant to be perfect. It is ever changing at least among shias. So, I don't think Shias believed it has ever been perfect. Among Sunnis, only the doctorine of Ijma stopped possible new interpretations. --Aminz 11:26, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

That Islam inherited slavery from other societies is related to this article. --Aminz 11:28, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

I'm not trying to deflect criticism from Islam. I am trying to explain Islam and slavery. The institutions of slavery arose out of an historical context. You can blame Islam or not... it doesn't matter. Our writing shouldn't blame Islam. Slavery is a neutral subject. Muhammad owned slaves. Muhammad ate bread. Two statements and you can think what you will of them. We explain them, contextualize them and don't suggest that they are good or bad. That's neutrality. Muslims can think Islam is perfect. Others can think it's Satanic. I'm happy with just trying to explain it. And although it makes you sound very sophisticated to bring up logical fallacies my point is not to deal with moral judgment about Islam. Tu quoque implies that I am trying to justify Islam's use of slavery. It doesn't need any justification. It needs to be explained how it developed and why it developed. It borrowed institutions from many other places because the Arabs were not equipped to run an empire so they took ideas from wherever they could. Ideas about slavery are just one of those facets. If you think that all "Islamic ideas" came straight from God then you're more of a Muslim than I thought. :O And it's not like you're sullying a perfect Islam. Those Muslims who think slavery is an aberration just said that those who interpreted earlier were wrong. You seem to want to prove that "Islam isn't perfect". The problem is when we write about Islam we don't mean a faith as much as we mean a large historical view. On Misplaced Pages we do not declare certain beliefs "un-Islamic" whereas a Muslim has the prerogative to do so. Oh well, I think you missed my point earlier. gren グレン 11:38, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Hah, my post sounded rather... I can't think of the right word... but, sometimes it's not the best thing to list the fallacies you believe someone is committing. You know? gren グレン 11:46, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

I think it was a misunderstanding, Gren. My point about deflecting criticism etc. pertained to Aminz's version of the first sentence of the article, not to your comment. Beit Or 11:47, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Ahh, well my advice about fallacies still stands. In any case, in looking to source my claim most of the talk is regionally about the influence of colonialism in challenging the systems of slavery in various ways. Most of the don't seem to universalize it since they are only discussing their particular areas. It does need to be sourced, but I want to know: are you disagreeing with it? gren グレン 11:54, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

I'm not sure I've understood your comment. What am I disagreeing with? Beit Or 12:32, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

You added unsourced to the intro I added. Do you believe it to be false? (It needs to be source either way, but this is important as well). gren グレン 12:52, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

The claim that the legality of slavery is disputed among modern Muslim scholars is a strong one and needs good sourcing. For example, who are these scholars? Beit Or 12:56, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

I agree that it's wrong to bring other religions into discussion here. "like Judaism, Christianity and other world religions" is defensive writing. - Merzbow 21:37, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Apologetics

It is strange that Aminz views stating the facts about Islam and slavery in a neutral manner makes this article critical of Islam. When stating the facts seems like criticism, that becomes time for critical thinking.

The slavery in the Arab World in the 19th century has been documented by Dr. Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, an Arabist and a scholar of Indonesian affairs, who had visited Mecca during his journey in the Hijaz. He states in his book Mohammedanism that "Slaves in the Arab world are generally not that different from servants and workers in Europe” and that their masters “handled them with a genial humanity that made their lot no worse - perhaps better, as more secure - than that of a factory worker in nineteenth-century Europe."

This does not belong in the lead paragraph. Perhaps another place can be found for a summary of this, perhaps not. This article is not a place to put everything that one could use to rationalize divine sanction of the evil institution.

Also regarding 4:92, replacing "Muslim" with "believer" removes argument that original research is being conducted. Arrow740 19:57, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

I couldn't find the quote in the source. The source instead says:"There is perhaps no nation where the captives, the slaves, the very toilers in the galleys are better provided for or treated with more kindness than among the Muhammedans." In general case, due to the negative bias of 19th century scholar regarding Islam, we should only use recent sources. --Aminz 22:52, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

The quote could be even back up with the views of Jewish/Zionist scholars like Stillman and Lewis. --Aminz 22:59, 26 February 2007 (UTC)misplaced

Though Muslims use the word Zionist to avoid claims of antisemitism the word Jewish is still the prefereable term for those people. Arrow740 23:53, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Aminz, I'm really surprised by your choice of language here. It makes you sound like a conspiracy theorist. What has "Zionism" to do with Islam and slavery anyhow? Pretty much nothing.Proabivouac 00:07, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

I wanted to add this to the "Islam and Antisemitism" article and mistakenly added it here. Sorry. --Aminz 00:17, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Arrow, please address my question. --Aminz 00:33, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Wrong article again, Aminz? Arrow740 00:36, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

I repeat my comment:"I couldn't find the quote in the source. The source instead says:"There is perhaps no nation where the captives, the slaves, the very toilers in the galleys are better provided for or treated with more kindness than among the Muhammedans." In general case, due to the negative bias of 19th century scholar regarding Islam, we should only use recent sources." --Aminz 00:40, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

So what do you want from me? Arrow740 00:42, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

There are two problems. 1. The source for "Slaves in the Arab world are generally not that different from servants and workers in Europe" 2. Usage of a 19th century scholar. --Aminz 00:45, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

1. I took out that paragraph from the intro that someone else had put in. I don't have the book. Is it available online? 2. I hear your opinion on this. Arrow740 00:46, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Can you please check the presented source http://www.al-islam.org/slavery/3.htm#n21 It says quite the opposite thing: "There is perhaps no nation where the captives, the slaves, the very toilers in the galleys are better provided for or treated with more kindness than among the Muhammedans." --Aminz 00:48, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Alright, so let's keep it out of the article until it is verified. Maybe someone can get the book with the Hurgronye quote. Arrow740 00:51, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

So please keep it out. --Aminz 00:57, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

I am the one who removed it. Arrow740 00:57, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

I am refering to this edit. --Aminz 01:48, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Me too. I did two things in that edit. Arrow740 02:37, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Reference for forced marriage of slaves

Malik ibn Anas, vol. 2, page 155 — Preceding unsigned comment added by DavidYork71 (talk • contribs)

please stop inserting original research. ITAQALLAH 17:49, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Please don't removed sourced material without discussion. Arrow740 17:52, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

being sourced doesn't save it from being original research. besides, i have discussed it. ITAQALLAH 17:58, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

If it is sourced and topical it is not OR. What are your specific issues regarding this article? Arrow740 18:05, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

this edit is OR. ITAQALLAH 18:10, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

I suppose you're right, you can revert back to the bot. Arrow740 18:18, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Additions

Can someone please summerize these and add to the article whenever he is free:

Sikainga states:

"The Quran admonishes the owner to treat the slaves well, and provide them with medical care when required as well as with adequate upkeep. If the owner fails to meet these obligations, the qadi (Muslim judge) can compel him/her to fulfil them or else either to sell or emancipate the slave. The owner is forbidden to overwork the slave, and if s/he does so to the point of cruelty, s/he is liable to incur a penalty that is, however, discretionary and not prescribed by law."

"Islam encouraged manumission (Arabic ‘itq) and provided several procedures to facilitate it. The first method is mukataba, or a contract of manumission between the owner and the slave, whereby the latter would pay the former a fixed sum of money. The second is tadbir, by which the owner would declare that a slave would be freed after the owner’s death. A third method is a verbal proclamation by the owner that a slave is free. Fourth, a slave could be freed as a kafara or penance for accidental homicide, breaking an oath, or other offenses."

--Aminz 08:20, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

Slavery in the Qur'an

Arrow, I think Sikainga's point was a general description of the Qur'anic conception of slavery. I think we should start a new paragraph for that cause it is different from other verses dealing with specific verses. In his article, Sikainga starts with this and then goes into specific details later. Would you please let me know why you moved it to the end of the article . Thanks --Aminz 23:42, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

The section seems to belie Sikainga. Arrow740 00:29, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

How? --Aminz 01:28, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Most of the verses there are of a legal nature. His comment should probably be removed altogether since it is incorrect. Arrow740 02:22, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Arrow, he says that verses are mainly of ethical nature and it is attributed to him. BTW, in the article, he has an stress on that poiny putting it as "It is important to note that ..."--Aminz 02:26, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

But the verses discussed in this article are mostly of a legal nature. Arrow740 02:37, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Also, Arrow, the "see also" for "Slavery in the Qur'an" is "Slavery in the Bible" and not in religion. --Aminz 01:41, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

There is no need to draw the reader's attention to the Bible there. Arrow740 02:22, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

It is seealso. "Slavery in the Qur'an", "Slavery in the Bible" belong to the same category--Aminz 02:26, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

I'll defer to you until I see what it's like in other articles. It seems like defensive writing to me. Arrow740 02:37, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

The quranic verses need to be fixed using the {{quran-usc}} template.--Sefringle 02:13, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Context

Merzbow wrote, "I agree that it's wrong to bring other religions into discussion here. "like Judaism, Christianity and other world religions" is defensive writing."

That holds equally true here as it does on Dhimmi, Islam and antisemitism and other similar articles. However, for the same underlying reasons, it seems to me that the practices of pre-Islamic Arabia are very relevant. Other religions provide "context" only insofar as we make it so, but pre-Islamic Arabia really was the context as a matter of historical fact. It might still be defensive writing, of course, but some treatment is in order.Proabivouac 06:44, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Prose

The article says "While one scholar agrees Islam improved the slavery, all agree it didn't abolish it" is criticism and judgmental as if Islam had to abolish it. We should not put is "while... all". We simply report the facts. We should simply say that Islam recognized slavery and improved status of slaves. --Aminz 07:08, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

DavidYork, please explain your edits one by one, achieve consensus and move on. --Aminz 07:25, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Aminz had undone edits of mine (indiscriminate reversion)and what's been lost is:

1. lead reference to the section 'Modern day slavery'

2. referenced paragraph about birth into slavery

WP:LEAD speaks of an introduction that is a 'concise overview' and a 'very brief overview of the article' and which 'briefly summarizes the most important points covered in the article' with 'a sentence, clause, or at least a word devoted to each of the main headlines'. It is to be only 1-2 paragraphs in an article less than 15000 chars. What you've put there now is =5= paragraphs, and also not concise. You'll see it also raises points not raised in the body of the article, like about Byzantium and the rules of birth into slavery.

I've previously put my proposals for the plan of editing this article. See further up the page.

I'm asking myself if -I- am known for excising relevant referenced material with indiscriminate reverts

I would see the main points of the articles, and to be breifly covered in the introduction, as these

Islam condones circumstances of slavery including birth into slavery. There are (two) means of enslavement. There are several means of manumission. Civil rights, including marriage rights of slaves, are comprehensively regulated. The Arab slave trade, regulated by Islam, was a major enterprise. Abolition of slavery now applies to all muslim countries However abolitionism is unislamic (all scholars concur) And modern-day islamic slavery is documented in Arabia and North Africa.

Further development on each point is restricted to the article body.

You've said my referencing a scholars conclusion that Islam confounds abolitionism is 'criticism and judgement' of Islam. So would I also take it that referring to the Holocaust in an article about Fascism is also against some wiki policy because some reader terms it as a criticism. If you detect an unbalanced judgement, then i'd invite you to balance with referenced comment from scholars about why al these things like, say, .. birth into slavery, masters controlling the marriage of slaves, masters dictating the terms of or refusing to grant mukataba, rights of concubinage, prerogatives of ownership and disciplining, resiling from abolitionism .. are good.

DavidYork71 08:57, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

DV71, here is a diff showing your edits:

1. Starting from the beginning: you changed:"The major juristic schools of Islam have historically accepted the institution of slavery" to "All mainline Islamic madh'habs provide certain permissions for the practice of slavery" it doesn't improve anything and it doesn't seem better at all.

2. You removed " However, the Islamic dispensation enormously improved the position of the Arabian slave through the reforms of a humanitarian tendency both at the time of Muhammad and the later early caliphs." to "While at least one historian has concluded that 'the Islamic dispensation enormously improved the position of the Arabian slave through the reforms of a humanitarian tendency both at the time of Muhammad and the later early caliphs'"

Encyclopedia of Islam also says the same thing so does other scholars. Putting it as "WHILE ..." is loading the sentence with further meanings. It is not NPOV way of putting it.

3. You added "all scholarship concurs that neither from the Qur'an nor from the hadith may we infer any intention to effect the abolition of slavery"

It is repetitive. We already mentioned that "The major juristic schools of Islam have historically accepted the institution of slavery". What's the point of putting this in contrast with others?

Let's address these points and we can move on further. --Aminz 09:08, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

• DavidYork71, please stop editing in contravention to wikipedia policy. namely WP:NPOV, WP:OR, WP:MOS, and so on. please stop inserting biased commentary, masking it as sourced. ITAQALLAH 12:55, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Revisions of Lead

I have put some work into revision of the to live more up to the purposes of WP:LEAD. See below in full then further comment.

Islamic permissions for slavery practise are found in all of the mainlinemadh'habs (or schools of Islamic thought and jurisprudence).

The personal example of the conduct of Muhammad' also encompasses all of practices of slave ownership, slave emancipation, slave trafficking, slave concubinage and the approval for the enslavement of entire tribes through military enterprises.

Islamic fiqh deals comprehensively with the regulation of slavery and slave relations. It covers the means by which persons become enslaved, the means by which slaves may attain their emancipation, the masters rights of ownership and discipline and concubinage, matters relating to inheritance, restrictions and negations upon the prerogative of slave to choose their marriage partner(s), rights and obligations and disabilities of mawali, economic rights of slaves party to mukataba, and the obligations of the master with respect to his or her slave(s).

The Islamic (or 'Oriental' or 'Arab') slave trade is a term that describes the practice of slavery and slave trafficking - enjoying either the acceptance or promotion of the Islamic state - across East Africa and West Asia commencing from the Eighth through until the early 20th century. Those enslaved came from a most diverse variety of racial and geographic backgrounds. Although many of the enslaved were black, it may be distinguished from the concurrent European, West African and American slave trades in that there was no component of programmatic racial subjugation. There are also examples of slaves or former slaves attaining to positions of influence and even rulership in society during its currency.

The suppression and eventual outlawing of slavery in Muslim lands did not commence until the period after World War I), and then owes its inspiration largely to the pressure and controlling power influence exerted by leading abolitionist nations - particularly Britain and France. In places (for example, Mauritania) it is known to have have remained legal even up until the early 1980s.

Contemporary slavery practice in the Islamic world, despite official denials and proscriptions, finds expression in parts of Africa and Arabia and (most notably and persistingly) in the Sudan - in defence of which Islamic fiqh has conveniently, and at times creatively, been proffered as a justification.

This is highlighting six headlined themes (bold above) in the ensuing article. Unlike what was before

• 'providing concise overview'
• 'highlighting what comes in the article'
• 'capable of standing alone as a concise overview of the article'
• 'establishing context'. I admit it doesn't define 'Islam', 'Muhammad', 'Slavery'. That would constitute an improvement
• 'explaining why the subject is interesting or notable' This is lacking and can improve.
• 'briefly describing notable controversies' Lacking. Controversies would be certains differences in the views of the differing madhhab (i have material on this to add in presently). Controversy of civil law abolitionism vs indefeasible slavery permissions of fiqh, HAS been referred to. NB. the number of such differences/controversies is more than can be all easily covered in intro.
• 'clear and accessible style' (IMHO)
• 'small details avoided' - this is big improvement from prior content
• 'reader encouraged to read the rest of the article' I think this is achieved but your objective opinions are sought
• 'subject of the article should be mentioned at the first natural place that it occurs in the prose, preferably in the first sentence' I can do this along with a brief description of why the subject is important and interesting.
• 'carefully sourced as appropriate' Sourcing to all parts is found in the text of the body plus accompanying article 'Muhammed's Slaves'
• length is longer than recommended but so was subsumed version
• 'specialised terminology avoided' Madhhab is defined, .. fiqh?

Comments and adaptations invited. DavidYork71 13:37, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

a number of problems here. among them: a) you don't boldface the start of each paragraph b) you don't remove extremely well sourced material and replace it with your own musings c) you don't replace neutral commentary with biased commentary d) you don't introduce stylistic errors by splitting up the lead as extensively as you have done. ITAQALLAH 13:46, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

To say that the above is 'personal musing' is misguided. It is, summarised against six points corresponding to headings with in the main article, the precis of the content for the article that follows and that of its associated article (Muhammad's slaves). What exactly there is not tied to something in either article? Only one person willing to comment?

I have much interesting material here to include on fiqh of marriage by and to slaves, child slavery and birth into slavery, emasculation, slaves and property, slaves as property, slaves and their inheritance, slaves and retribution for manslaughter(talio), enforceability promises of manumission, inhibitions on bequests by mawla, 20th century Islamic slavery, slave marriage restrictions .. just imagine being a slave and your master saying who you may and must not marry and you have no legal recourse against it. Levy is a very interesting book about this. Past my bedtime so it will have to wait another day

DavidYork71 18:43, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

your lengthy reply is mostly a red herring. your contributions are unsourced original research, tainted with your own subjective analyses. for it to replace a well-sourced, accurate, neutral introduction is bemusing. ITAQALLAH 01:02, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Lead Para

Here again is a single lead para I have crafted. For critical assessment against the elements of WP:LEAD concise? covers main points? draws interest to article?, readable? referenced where necessary? small detail avoided? argot avoided? clear accessible style? existence of controversies mentioned? Evaluate, develop and comment:

Islam and slavery have a long history of accomodation defined by the existence of the Oriental slave trade for over a thousand years until last century. The subject has modern relevance because, despite official proscriptions, Islamically-condoned slavery (or at least slavery asserted as such) is still practised in parts of Arabia and Africa - most notably Sudan. The subject describes a tension between the goals of the modern abolitionist movement and contrary outcomes tolerated by Islam, especially with respect to the circumstance of young children 'born into' slavery and the plight of waqf slaves who may be held in slavery indefinitely. It is also true that in the last century Islamic countries were among the last in the world to finally disavow and reject slavery. The accomodation of slavery within Islam is a rich subject with some interesting variances between the main traditional schools of Islamic thought (madhhabs). Finally, Islamic slavery has, - with respect to racial equality and the social mobility of slaves and former slaves - produced some commendable outcomes at least in comparison with slavery practised elsewhere in the world.
DavidYork71 18:43, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

DavidYork, please reply to my comment above. --Aminz 20:42, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

The intro already says the two ways a person can become a slave. Please do not give undue weight to it. --Aminz 20:47, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

i see no reason to repleace the current well-sourced, neutral intro. ITAQALLAH 00:57, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

The intro was bloated and apologetic. I'm not saying that the current version is perfect, but it is an improvement in those two aspects. Arrow740 07:59, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Bloated, apologetic; big amen to both. And apologetic in the sense that I'm wont to call 'turd-polishing' (or turdpainting) (cf. the expression 'you can't polish a turd') where Islam's status as a religion tolerating people being owned by and born enslaved to others .. is the turd. What's your view re this one para covering six points vs the longer intro of six points each with separate paras that I drafted and posted further above?

DavidYork71 12:02, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Remember the intro is to be concise, briefly covering all points and major headings, not introducing technical terms and detail. It is clear and readable, defines the subject, and states why the subject is interesting and worthy of note. It acknowledge the existence of significant controversies without launching into the assessment of any of them. The former lead just fell down on a lot of those criteria.

DavidYork71 12:02, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

ideal leads should be around three paragraphs long, summing up the article. it was well sourced, and replacing it with presentist, convoluted, and virtually unsourced prose is tantamount to vandalism. "apologetic" is a subjective and invalid pretext for removing well sourced material. ITAQALLAH 18:21, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

WP:LEAD relates that the ideal lead will be 'sourced, as appropriate'. Now where a lead is summarising content that follows (ie. not introducing something from outside it) the sourcing is from the content that follows, which is also where the referencing is contained.

DavidYork71 19:50, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

WP:LEAD states that the lead should be 'carefully sourced as appropriate.' the standard practice is to apply the same standards of citation to the lead as one would to the rest of the article, despite the lead summarising the article. ITAQALLAH 20:14, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

What evidence leads you to suggest that that is the standard practice? Arrow740 20:27, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

A suggestion for both 'sides' in this debate: the lead simply needs to summarise the existing contents and this can include the citations. Thus, like any summary/introduction, there should be NO content in the lead that is not in the main body - this is simple and mandatory. It should mention all main sections and ideas even if it is only one concise sentence to summarise 20 from the main body. On the other hand (but in fact related), there is no need to cite anything that is not cited in the body. I think you all get the idea that the lead should be a brief summary and not contain anything that is not in the body. Why is that difficult? --Merbabu 21:34, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Merbabu, i think the current lead fulfills that. indeed, a lead almost identical to this was part of the version that attained GA status. Arrow, the better articles tend to employ extensive usage of inline citations, including in the lead. ITAQALLAH 21:37, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

OK, my intention was not to criticise or endorse any particular version. It is not a debate I want to get into detail over. I just want to make some general observations ad suggestions not specifically on content. Ie, a lead should not be that controversial if it is merely a highly summarised version of the article without additional info. As for the cites, once again, the 'as appropriate' phrase in the guideline suggest to me that if an editor feels that it is needed that's fine (as it will be cited in the body) - but we shouldn't be citing something in the lead if it is not cited in the body.Merbabu 22:51, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Reformed structure, new content, propose renomination for GA

By contributions and changes I've effected today there are some significant changes to the structure, which I relate for you below:

Contents 1 Reforming character of Islamic slavery 2 Pre-Islamic slavery 3 Slavery in the Qur'an and Sunnah 4 Islamic jurisprudence 4.1 Enslavement 4.2 Means of emancipation 4.3 Prerogatives of masters over slaves 4.4 Obligations of masters to slaves 4.5 Legal disabilities and dispensations of slaves 5 History of slavery under Islamic rule 5.1 The 'Islamic' slave trade 5.2 19th century and post 19th century 5.3 20th century suppression and outlawry 6 Contemporary slavery in the Islamic world 6.1 Contemporary Islamic juridical support for slavery 6.2 Islamically-inspired resurgence of slavery in contemporary Africa 6.2.1 Slavery in Sudan 6.2.2 Islamic slavery elsewhere in Africa 6.2.3 Disputation about the plight of slaves and official government denials

you will see that 1, 4.3-4.5, 5, 5.3, 6.2 and 6.2.2 are new headings

The lead is a single paragraph with much of the former lead under the first para. I would propose renomination for GA, but also would propose to introduce picture content of Islamic slaves and slave traders past and present .. particularly sudan. I can certainly find Sudan pictures but will take time for copyright clearing.

Please comment about the logical treatment of the subject matter in the scheme of content headings about. Any proposals for new headings or subheadings, moves, or mergings. Does it make sense and proceed logically and cover everything as good as or better than before. Please also note my newest contributions of the material for 4.3-4.5, 5.3 and 6.2.2. DavidYork71 05:10, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

GA Nom done by me today under 'Social sciences - Miscellaneous nominations'

DavidYork71 05:16, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

GA comment

The issues in the top banner need to be fixed and a citation added to the statement with the citation needed template after it. Unless these two things are addressed, somebody may quick-fail it. --Nehrams2020 05:25, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Changes, comments, questions...

I will try to spend a bit of time looking at this article and comment/edit where I can. I will progressively post any changes here. Please discuss if you need to. As a general comment, I am wondering if perhaps some of this information might not be better used in Slavery in Africa. Sure, some people are trying to use Islam to justify slavery, but does that mean we should therefore write a thinly failed article critical of Islam, or is it the fault of those behind slavery?

• - Looking at the reference provided. There is no reference to 'Islamic slavery'. There is also no reference to slavery justified by Islam. The word 'Islam' appears twice but not in the context your contribution suggests. Merbabu 08:09, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• I've added more from this article. It changes it a lot if we include a bit more of the article. Again, isn't this more about Slavery in Africa? --Merbabu 08:15, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• I've noticed this bit In early Islam, neither a Muslim nor a Christian or Jew could be enslaved.< ref > John Esposito (1998) p.40< /ref > ) seems to be missing from the current version - please let me know if I am wrong. If it is missing, can someone explain? I'm not challenging, merely asking. --Merbabu 08:50, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• I see a lot of references to "Islam regards...", "Islams allows...", "Islam permits...", "In Islam...", - these seem very broad and sweeping. Is this exactly what the original sources say? I assumes that the issue is black and white with no interpretation allowed. Is that really so? Or should they be saying something like "According to Mr XXXX, Islam permits..." The sources probably need to be checked. --Merbabu 09:04, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• We need to confirm what this source really says. The change is quite different, but the cited source is the same. hmmm. Merbabu 09:59, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• . I made this change. I don't have this reference but have a number of others on the topic (ie, East Indies). Can hopefully add later. (see question below regarding use of this reference). Merbabu 10:47, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• From . Writing about 1862 the English traveller W.G. Palgrave says that in Arabia he constantly met with '''negro'' slaves in large numbers.. That should probably be changed unless that is the actual word used in the reference, in which case it should be put in inverted commas. Merbabu 10:53, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

• Same with this one At Constantinople, the sale of women slaves, both negresses and Circassians continued to be openly practised until the granting of the Constitution in 1908.< ref >Levy, p.88< /ref >
• Actually, I'm not sure what this whole section 20th century suppression and outlawry has got to do with Islam. It's not enough that they are examples from majority Muslim areas. Any reason i might have missed?Merbabu 10:58, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

• I'm just wondering, why has the Sunnah been added here? is it referring to the added paragraph on Muhammad? And is that addition relevant to the section? Just asking. Merbabu 11:13, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• . Hmmm - quite a few here:

• The practice of the enslavement of child war captives, enjoying the justification of the Islamic sharia - This is a fairly strong statement. While I am not in a position to suggest it is incorrect, and I know it is a quote, are we just going to take the writer's word for it? Is it indeed correct? If so, is it in the article cos I must have missed it. --Merbabu 11:33, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• The large The Wall Street Journal quote (December 12, 2001) by Michael Rubin has no reference. Is it online? Where was it found? Merbabu 11:33, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• This quote has been added to with in-line citations. Do we know that these are indeed the reports the writer was talking about? --Merbabu 11:44, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

• The supplied reference doesn't mention the word Islam or Muslim. Thus, I'm questioning the need for this passage in and article on islam and slavery? How about Slavery in Mauretania? Merbabu 11:58, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• THis unreferenced OR has now been placed in twice in 60mins. , . Do not synthesise information or have original research please. Merbabu 12:11, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• : A few changes to reflect what was in the cited article. --Merbabu 12:41, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• . I feel this is poorly sourced. While I don't have reason to doubt it's accuracy, if it is indeed the case then there are no doubt better sources than an art critic. Not to disparage Robert Hughes, but i just don't think an opinion piece of his, no matter how good quality, is the bst info on the current status of slavery in Africa. Furthermore, the word 'Islam' or 'Muslim' does not appear in the article. Merbabu 13:15, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
• Is this the best place for the Nasr quote? Is it singificant? I certainly think it is a 'good' one. I don't understand why it is in this particular spot. Merbabu 13:30, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Sachau's Muhammedanisches Recht

With regard to this contribution, I am wondering how the editor got to use this old (1897) apparently German language book. Have you quoted it from another source? If so, that reference should also be put there. Ie, "cited in......" Merbabu 10:47, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

The title would seem to be 'Muhammedan's Law' cited by Reuben Levy who is the author of these two books - ], ]

Nice work. Merbabu 12:41, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Propose remove NPOV dispute tags

Any objections in the next 48-72 hours? DavidYork71 12:22, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

there are far too many edits which are extremely tendentious and original research, as well as unilaterally enforced. there does seem to be some reasonable material here and there, but within the sea of unencyclopedic writing it seems a rarity. also, please don't flood up the history by making volumes of seperate edits. ITAQALLAH 23:09, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Itaqallah, I agree with your comments on the removal of the tag, except not your comment about not filling up the edit history. I would MUCH rather prefer small incremental changes that are explained in detail with each edit summary. Some one-off changes are so massive that it took me ten minutes to go through very carefully with a fine tooth comb. On the contrary, a detailed incremental edit history is very important for a clearly contentious topic as this one. Ie, look at this . ???? regards Merbabu 23:18, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

that edit was pretty much a revert to his version. i've been told that flooding the history page wastes wiki resources. also see Template:Preview. ITAQALLAH 23:33, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Ok - i understand the argument that it stretches wiki resources, but in an edit war it will just have to be excused. Although I do agree with you that might simple non controversial fix of spelling which was one at a time, could have been done a bit more efficiently. As for saying that the reversion to his version it merely begs the question 'which version' - ie, it's unclear and 'opposing' editors can just get confused and grumpy. Merbabu 23:41, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Stop being cowboys

All 'sides' need to stop large scale reversion back and forth with minimal explanation. This applies to BOTH Itaqallah and David York from the two 'sides'. This article has to be approached seriously and incrementally. This for example is completely inflammatory edit warring. There is no excplanation or description of why or to where this was reverted. Merbabu 23:26, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

the material had been rehashed and resectioned, which i believe was unreasonable. the previous consensus version was of a layout similar to this. the extensive rewriting of the whole article was undiscussed and inappropriate. ITAQALLAH 23:31, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

In fact, DavidYork started violation of "All 'sides' need to stop large scale reversion back and forth with minimal explanation." --Aminz 23:37, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Merbabu, making series of unilateral, wholesale edits, many of which are against policy, will inevitably result in a lot of the needless contributions being undone. i restored a scholarly, well-sourced lead, and you have reverted to a presentist, unsourced and lopsided lead. the sectioning introduced by DavidYork is poor, unilateral and illogical, and is contrary to previous consensus. ITAQALLAH 23:39, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Let me point out the first flaw in the new version: See the "Oriental slave trade" bit in the beginning of the intro and "The 'oriental' or 'Arab' slave trade is sometimes called Islamic slave trade, but religion was hardly the point of the slavery, Patrick Manning, a professor of World History, states." --Aminz 23:41, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Another example of OR: "The subject has modern relevance because, despite official proscriptions, Islamically-condoned slavery (or at least slavery asserted as such) is still practised in parts of Arabia and Africa - most notably Sudan."

That's POV; Compare this with "Since mid-twentieth century, slavery has been virtually extinct in the cental Islamic lands, through reports from Sudan and Somalia reveal that slavery is still practiced in border areas as a result of continuing war." from The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, p.298. Plus it is also POV because the Sudan government denies slavery. --Aminz 23:46, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

And there you go "The subject describes a tension between the goals of the modern abolitionist movement and contrary outcomes tolerated by Islam, especially with respect to the circumstance of young children 'born into' slavery and the plight of waqf slaves who may be held in slavery indefinitely"

I suggest you guys read this work by Bernard Lewis on slavery . It explains how an article on slavery is best organized. The article in Encyclopedia of Islam is also good. --Aminz 23:49, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Firstly, a general comment. I’m not going to stand in the way of general whole-sale reversions back and forth if that’s the preferred method. It’ just not my preference. I was also assuming AGF in that MAYBE DY did add something of value. Ie, I wanted to justify each deletion and removal of his info. For example, I did do a good job of pointing out the flawed reinterpretation of his sources and insistence on blaming Islam for the cases of slavery (ie, blame that was largely missing from the articles). Agreed, he's quick to label slavery Islamically (is that even a word?) inspired simply beacuse it is in a 'Muslim country'. He has a real problem in synthesising and re-interpreting facts. See Australia-Indonesia relations.

OK - Having said all that, and saying I won’t become involved in a mass revert war, I suppose am happy to see the article reverted to pre-DY version (the GA version) as per Aminz’s suggestion and then have EACH subsequent addition justified on talk page first. I am happy to help enforce that. To be fair, the onus is on all parties to explain in reasonable detail why or why not they think a change is acceptable. --Merbabu 23:58, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks Merbabu. --Aminz 00:01, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

I have now removed this comment or similar 3 times in 24 hours - david has inserted it three times. Yes, it is OR or at best synthesis.Merbabu 23:56, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

GA Fail

Quick failed because of NPOV tag, obviously, the concerns above have not been adequately addressed, removal of the tag won't do that. Sorry. Good luck with the article.A mcmurray (talk • contribs) 12:41, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Linking to Muhammad's slaves

Linking to that article has been removed. I proposed linking with the summarisation of its content under the heading 'Slavery in the Quran and Sunnah' thus: 'In the Sunnah, or personal example of the conduct of Muhammad, there are demonstrations of the behaviours of slaveholding, slave trafficking, the employment of slaves, household slavery, emancipation and adoption of slaves, slave concubinage, and approval for the enslavement of captive individuals or even of entire tribes as the result of military enterprises (see Muhammad's slaves).' Is there else which would be needed to add in there to summarise the article and its relevance to this one?DavidYork71 00:46, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for putting this here. It shows others you are willing to collaborate (or at least willing to think about collaborating - ha ha). I questioned it's removal but did not remove it. Firstly, there is the issue of original research. While it is probably factually accurate (others may correct me) on this occasion it’s significance and hence need for inclusion is (a) unexplained/unclear (b) and/or your actual assertion of its significance is OR without specific reference to its significance (no matter how 'true' it may be). Ie, it’s not clear why it is here. I think you yourself have just alluded to the fact that it may need to be linked in better with the topic and relevance made clearer. At best, it is a minor point in the article and needs to be well-referenced. When another editor removed it, from memory they cited OR issues too. I hope the editor opposing it can explain. Merbabu 00:54, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

we don't substantiate assertions by citing other wiki articles. the cited article doesn't seem to verify the assertion anyway: the references to Za'ad al-Ma'ad are not usable as explained on talk. your alterations of the "Islamic position on slavery" in that article were misrepresentations of the sources. ITAQALLAH 01:08, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

David, without specific reference to its significance or some very profound and new case on your behalf, I agree with Itaqallah that it should not be here. ie, it's significance is unclear and unreferenced (and that is assuming it is actually correct).Merbabu 01:57, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

We would but any source that sites this is to POV to be used!Hypnosadist 02:42, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

The present lead paragraph has reference to Muhammad and his associates owning slaves so there is the apt place to provide link to Muhammad's slaves. And yes this man, owned, traded, 'bought more than he sold', freed and adopted (Zayd), and took as concubine (Maria the copt), as well as approving enslavements (including mass enslavements - see and birth into slavery

The argument for the inclusion of this link is self evident. Muhammad is an exemplar for the islamic faith, his buying, selling and capturing of slaves indicates the complete acceptance of slavery as an act a good muslim can do. What is the Sunnah if it is not the example of Muhammed recorded for all time. Can there honestly be any debate about that? DavidYork71 08:17, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Replacement Lead Proposal

The current lead section has been criticised by other editors as 'bloated' and 'apologetic'. Here below is my proposal of an alternative for adaptation and comment. Remember, the lead is to be 'referenced, as appropriate' and it's not necessarily appropriate for the lead to be doubling references, for the parts of the article it summarises, where those reference are to be seen in the article's main body:

Bold textIslam and slavery have a long history of accommodation defined by the existence of the Islamic (or 'Arab' or 'Oriental') slave trade for over a thousand years until last century. The subject has modern relevance because, despite official proscriptions, Islamically-condoned slavery (or at least slavery asserted as such) is still practised in parts of Arabia and Africa - most notably Sudan. The subject describes a tension between the goals of the modern abolitionist movement and contrary outcomes tolerated by Islam, especially with respect to the circumstance of young children 'born into' slavery and the plight of waqf slaves who may be held in slavery indefinitely.Bold text

Bold textIt is also true that in the latter half of the last century a number of Islamic countries were among the last in the world to formally disavow and repudiate slavery, while the toleration for slavery practices still seen in parts the Islamic world draws some of its support from pronouncements by influential Sunni religious scholars on the subject of Islamic permissions for its continuance.Bold text

Bold textAs a historical fact and a modern reality the accommodation of slavery within Islam is a rich subject with some interesting variances between the main traditional schools of Islamic thought (madhhabs). Finally, Islamic slavery has, - with respect to racial equality and the social mobility of slaves and former slaves - produced some commendable outcomes at least in comparison with slavery practised elsewhere in the world.Bold text

Anti-Slavery Hadith and Scholarly statements

• This article is written in the passive voice as if Islam accepts slavery, like there is not difference of opinion on it.
• There are Hadith that condemn slavery. Why are they not here?
• Why is the Quranic notion of slavery only to Allah not mentioned?
• Why is it when the Wahabi Salih al-Fawzaa's "affirmation of slavery" is mentioned from his rant "Taming a Neo-Qutubite Fanatic" that it is not mentioned that "Qutubite" refers to Syed Qutb followers of the Muslim Brotherhood and used as a slur against modern Islamists by Wahabis? i.e Islamists; currently the largest political leaning in the Muslim world, and the MB being the largest Islamic group globally and in Egypt + Sudan, believe Islam banned slavery.
• There needs to be some quotes from islamic scholars that abhor slavery
• This article should be sourced and used more to add to the article. Aaliyah Stevens 10:42, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

And there is a difference between Arabs having "a long history of accommodation of a slave trade for over a thousand years until last century" and Islam doing so. Not everything Arabs do is representative of Islam, or is Islam. 10-15% of all Arabs are Christians, and the number was much higher in previous centuries. Arabs are not Islam. Aaliyah Stevens 10:48, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Too much original research to merit a response. Beit Or 23:01, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Well find it in your heart to merit my humble self with such a response from your precious time. Aaliyah Stevens 23:43, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Hello Aaliyah Stevens i will talk to you, and answer some of your points! Lets start with who stopped slavery, the trans-atlantic trade was stopped by the Royal Navy but the Arab trade routes took much longer and involved the french and germans as well and their troops on the ground in thier colonies in north africa. The abolishon of slavery was a European idea imposed by force on non-europeans in an act of cultural imperialism. And in those places the "western" troops couldn't control slavery continued, in the case of places like Saudi Arabia and Oman well into the twentith century.

Secondly the Muslim Brotherhood have been at best mis-informed about islam banning slavery and as a proud britain i find this lie highly offensive. Many modern scholars do abhor slavery but not for the previous 1200 years.

Finally Mohammed owned, bought and sold slaves, so did his family and decendants. This shocking truth is why in my opinion some people need to be lied to about islam banning slavery to keep there faith in the light of the immorality of slavery as modern humans understand it today. Hypnosadist 00:57, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Right on the spot, HS DavidYork71 03:59, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

• 1. The transatlantic slave trade was racial, based on the belief that slaves were inferior biologically. The notion of 'slave' in Africa and Arab world was very different. Have you seen the film Amistad?
• 2. However I also as a Brit, accept it was the royal navy who stopped it. That doesn't however mean, that Islam in theory didn't ban it, just because Arabs continued it's practice.
• 3. The Muslim Brotherhood, Syed Qutb, Hizb ut-tahrir, and most modern Islamists insist using a Hadith from Bukhari that Muhammad said that no more free men shall be taken as slaves, i.e. it was abrogated. And that the existing slaves were kept under much better conditions more like contracted butlers. So Islam didn't ban slavery, but it intended to phase it out by blocking the means to acquire new slaves, and asking Muslims to eventually free existing slaves as a manumission for their sins. Some Scholars add one exception to this: that is prisoners of war, used for labour, which they call slaves, was the ONLY remaining source of labour. This however according to the Quranic injunction of treating POWs how Muslim POWs are treated, depended on the relative international treaties & norms of each time, and depended on the treatement of Muslim soldiers captured on the other side - which would make it impossible today. Muslims didn't live up to these Islamic ideals, but that doesn't mean Islam didn't in theory aim to phase out slavery.
• 4. I think it's strange that a non-Muslim non-qualified, probably don't understand Arabic to interpret Islam, brit like you, questions the Islamic authority of the Muslim Brotherhood, or thinks they are misinformed, especially since I have seen their evidences from Islam to forbid it. They have many famous scholars and Islamic lawyers, and are the largest Islamic group in the world. The fact that the largest Islamic groups ban it, at least deserves mention.
• 5 It is clear we can at least agree that Muslims, didn't live up to the ideals of Islam, and acted abhorrently in many areas, not just in slavery, but hey that was the medieval world; we in England weren't great either. There should be one article called Arabs and Slavery, and another called Islam and Slavery. they are two very different things. Aaliyah Stevens 10:15, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Heading change

Please check my change here . THe original heading blames Islam, while isn't it about Islam being used to justify slavery. That's a big difference. Ie, the latter suggests those using Islam as a justifitcation for slavery is the problem. Merbabu 12:42, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

I've adjusted this to 'Islam as a justification for slavery in contemporary Africa' to reflect the quote beneath "The saddest and most painful reality of this situation is, that same slave trading is occurring today, still in the name of Islam" DavidYork71 22:49, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

David, that is just someone's opinion in an opinion piece, and we can only be represent it as such. We cannot present it as truth. i know you know this. Your suggested heading also suggests that islam is at fault, only with mild subtlty. but i guess this is in line with your self-professed 'Anti-islam sentiment' , which you are determined to push here. Merbabu 04:14, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

More anti-slavery than anti-Islam sentiment. The remainder of the article in its entirety should help you understand Islam's contribution to the maintenance of, and continued acceptance of, slavery. The content following from the heading indeed does relate to what the heading describes. It is also the Sudanese National Islamic Front which claims Islamic authority for the enslavements and associated crimes.DavidYork71 04:27, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

No, the problem is your insitant on contributions that are a thinly-veiled blaming of Islam the religion, RATHER than (some) people and their interpretations of islam for their benefit. Your post above actually suggests you too realise this: ...which claims Islamic authority. So how about Claims of Islamic authority for slavery Merbabu 04:56, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Slavery is a presuposition of Universe the Koran is writen in. This is why it has rules on which slaves you can have sex with and which you can't, and how they can possibly gain their freedom (important control mechanism). Rules exist about the relative value of slaves as compared to freemen. This is an issue without interpritation, the koran says its bad to be a slave but not that slavery is bad let alone that the practice (as a whole) should be stopped. Hypnosadist 05:38, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

I'm not 100% clear on the above post. Does the Koran merely 'accept' (ie, resigned to a reality of the time, and therefore provides regulation) or does actively 'condone' even suggest it is a good thing?

My biggest issue, however, is not these facts but how they are being presented here. Some of the versions being insisted on (primarily by DY71) are ones that I modified from essentially saying Islam is to blame for contemporary slavery. His current insisted contribs are only a bit more subtle. Ie, he refers to it as "Islam's contribution to the maintenance of slavery". Or, 'Islamic slavery' is also insisted upon without reference. Given that on at least two occassions now it has been shown he is misrepresenting his cited sources, I find it very hard to take is imposed view of the world as reliable. And his contribs to related articles.Merbabu 05:53, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

The misrepresenting sources is a very bad wiki-crime as it can easilly remain undiscovered for a long time, please if you have done this DavidYork71 don't do it again as it is very damaging to wikipedia as a whole.Hypnosadist 06:10, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Current tagging

NPOV and OR are tagged at the head of this article currently. Any objection to removal? DavidYork71 02:04, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

You must be kidding given the current dispute. --Aminz 03:55, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

He seems to operate in his own little world. Merbabu 04:06, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Then describe the justification for maintaining. Is there any remaining aspect of the subject not yet covered in the article? DavidYork71 04:29, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

it's got nothing to do with items uncovered. I can't believe you need it explained. Read the tags - 'neutrality', 'original research' and 'unattributed claims' - and then consider the CONTINUING edits over the last week. it is your contributions more than any others that are at the centre of this dispute. Do you seriously believe these aspects are not in serious dispute? Merbabu 04:53, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

disputed passage

this is a classic violation of WP:SYN, using two seperate sources to forward an assertion supported by neither:

According to Australian social historian Robert Hughes (writing for Time Magazine), slavery in Africa has been dominated by Arabs. ""Slave markets, supplying the Arab emirates, were still operating in Djibouti in the 1950s; and since 1960, the slave trade has flourished in (the Islamic Republic of) Mauritania and the Sudan. There are still reports of chattel slavery in northern Nigeria, Rwanda and Niger." The Republic of Sudan has been governed under the implementation of Islamic sharia since 1983.

it falsely assumes that all Arabs must be Muslim, and that any enslavement on their part must be Islamically-motivated, when the times article claims nothing of the sort, and neither does the citation to an obscure website. ITAQALLAH 07:02, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Agreed... he even had the temerity to rewrite the quote he cited and add "(the Islamic Republic of)", which wasn't in the Time article at all. Also, what happened to section header 5.1? It's blank. - Merzbow 07:07, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

. ITAQALLAH 07:30, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

DavidYork71 you can not change the inside of quotes! Hypnosadist 07:38, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Indeed. I'd frankly be surprised were there not a source which (rightly or wrongly) draws this connection, but we are rightly forbidden from imposing it ourselves.Proabivouac 07:42, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Arabs and Slavery vs. Islam and Slavery

The two should be seperated. Islam and Slavery should be purely about what the Quran, Muhammad and Islamic scholars have said about the subject, while Arabs and Slavery should be about what happened regardless of if they were christian, jewish or Muslim arabs. People find it hard to deliniate the two, attributing blame to Islam for many misgivings of arabs.

• 1.This article is written in the passive voice as if Islam accepts slavery, like as if there is not difference of opinion on it among Islamic Scholars.
• 2. There are Hadith that condemn slavery. Why are they not here?
• 3. Why is the Quranic notion of slavery only to Allah not mentioned?
• 4. Why is it when the Wahabi Salih al-Fawzaa's "affirmation of slavery" is mentioned from his rant "Taming a Neo-Qutubite Fanatic" that it is not mentioned that "Qutubite" refers to Syed Qutb followers of the Muslim Brotherhood and used as a slur against modern Islamists by Wahabis? i.e Islamists; currently the largest political leaning in the Muslim world, and the MB being the largest Islamic group globally and in Egypt + Sudan, believe Islam aimed tophase out slavery.
• 5. There needs to be some quotes from islamic scholars that abhor slavery
• 6. This article should be sourced and used more to add to the article.
• 7. The transatlantic slave trade was racial, based on the belief that slaves were inferior biologically. The notion of 'slave' in Africa and Arab world was very different. Have you seen the film and read the court transcripts from La Amistad? European slave traders tried to use the same argument you claim, that islam and African culture allowed slavery so why did the blacks object? This argument was refuted, because European racial slavery was totally different to slavery in west-africa where slaves were more like house servants.
• 8. However I also as a Brit, accept it was the royal navy who stopped it. That doesn't however mean, that Islam in theory didn't ban it, just because Arabs continued it's practice. ther is a diffrence between the two.
• 9. The Muslim Brotherhood, Syed Qutb, Hizb ut-tahrir, and most modern Islamists insist using a Hadith from Bukhari that Muhammad said that 'no more free men shall be taken as slaves', i.e. slavery was abrogated. And that the existing slaves were kept under much better conditions more like contracted servants. So Islam didn't ban slavery, but aimed to phase it out by blocking the means to acquire new slaves, and asking Muslims to eventually free existing slaves as a manumission for their sins. Some Scholars add one exception to this: that is prisoners of war, used for labour, which they call slaves, was the ONLY remaining source of labour. This however according to the Quranic injunction of treating POWs how Muslim POWs are treated, depended on the relative international treaties & norms of each time, and depended on the treatement of Muslim soldiers captured on the other side - which would make it impossible today. Muslims didn't live up to these Islamic ideals, but that doesn't mean Islam didn't in theory aim to phase out slavery.
• 10. I think it's strange that a non-Muslim non-qualified, probably don't understand Arabic to interpret Islam, brit like you, questions the Islamic authority of the Muslim Brotherhood, or thinks they are misinformed, especially since I have seen their evidences from Islam to forbid it. They have many famous scholars and Islamic lawyers, and are the largest Islamic group in the world. The fact that the largest Islamic groups ban it, at least deserves mention.
• 11 It is clear we can at least agree that Muslims, didn't live up to the ideals of Islam, and acted abhorrently in many areas, not just in slavery, but hey that was the medieval world; we in England weren't great either. There should be one article called Arabs and Slavery, and another called Islam and Slavery. they are two very different things.
• 12 Right wing christain websites like WORLDNETDAILY.com are not objective sources for news! Aaliyah Stevens 11:22, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

I'll just answer one of these points as i have no faith my words as a non-muslim are worth listening to!

"7. The transatlantic slave trade was racial, based on the belief that slaves were inferior biologically. The notion of 'slave' in Africa and Arab world was very different. Have you seen the film and read the court transcripts from La Amistad? European slave traders tried to use the same argument you claim, that islam and African culture allowed slavery so why did the blacks object? This argument was refuted, because European racial slavery was totally different to slavery in west-africa where slaves were more like house servants."

I love this misreprisentantion, so islam alloud people of all races to be enslaved so its morally supirior, that makes sense (the racist view of the slave trade and thier excuses is not morally supirior either).

PS Who sold the black slaves to the white man, who moved the slaves to the coast, who captured the slaves for the interior of africa, who was trading slaves in the congo when no white man had ever been there before?

pps If you think its so nice do you want to be possessed by my right hand? No really being raped isn't your thing, these modern views of right and wrong! Hypnosadist 00:38, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Arab slave trade is the article you are looking for Aaliyah! this article is about how islam says slavery is a morally acceptable condition for a human being, and hence ties it in with the 25 million slaves traded in the Arab slave trade as Islam was the moral and legal framework that said this trade was ok. Heres my counter to Qutb, this article documents slavery in the quran and rebuts Qutbs "arguments" .Hypnosadist 08:02, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

• Firstly what you have said above is your unsubstantiated POV, what matters here are credible, reliable, notable references. And Syed Qutb, Maududi, or Nabhani are higher authorities on Islam than any of us.
• Secondly your so called rebut linked above does not mention Syed Qutb, it talks about another man from Saudi called Mohammad Qutb who also refutes that Islam allows slavery now. *Thirdly this so called refutation is not an academic one approved by Queensland Uni, it is an article that appeared in the "Queensland Humanist" student produced magazine, for the university's Manussa Group, a group "dedicated to the promotion of Humanism, the Critique of Religion". Not exactly nuetral nor academic.
• This article is about Islam and Slavery, NOT the Arab slave trade, so for you to speak so hatefully about Islam because of what Arabs did (Christian, Jewish, and Muslim) is not accurate. This whole article mixes the two Christian Egyptian Arab priests were known to castrate slaves to make them Enuchs, but you seem to equate all Arab practice with Islam. Please don't make such uncivil comments about raping or enslaving me, it add no value to the discussion except emotion, and to imply I would condone such a thing because I believe in Islam is insulting, and incorrect. Aaliyah Stevens 13:17, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Then read the koranic quotes in the article i gave you, i did not claim it was a good source for this article it just has rebuttals to all they usual islam doesn't support slavery arguments when it patently does. This is proved firstly by the very simple fact it was still there after 1200 years of islamic rule. Secondly by the fact the koran contains rules for how a good muslim should treat his slaves, presupposing that a good muslim OWNS SLAVES!

PS Again islam set the rules in a traditional islamic state in which 25 million people were enslaved. Sharia said it was ok, the prophet said it was ok, the four califs said it was ok. The ottoman empire said it was ok until they came under pressure from the newly slave free european nations.

PPS Islam under Ma malakat aymanukum allows rape (and thousands and thousands of women just as human as you were raped under this law), that you find this insulting is good but the truth hurts. As the kids of today say "Take the Shame!". Hypnosadist 13:51, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Introductory nonsense

Sorry, but this:

Some have questioned the use of the term slavery, as opposed to 'servitude', as an accurate description , and David Hecht has stated that Islamic 'slavery' was a totally different practice than what Western 'slavery' is synonymous to. However, others believe that 'servant' is incorrect since these slaves did not enjoy the freedom to leave their employment without having been emancipated by their master.

Is ridiculous POV pushing and does not belong in intro. When dozens of books have been written by the most eminent scholars of Islam called "Slavery in Islam" I don't think we need to question it. Arrow740 20:54, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

By the way I will soon expand the material related to the themes I mentioned in the intro, and I invite others to help me with that. Arrow740 21:03, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

The fact that notable people consider the english word "slavery" not an accurate translation of the Islamic notion of 'slavery', and that it is referenced means it cannot be removed. what you say above is your (what I believe to be pretty accurate) POV, and is the de-facto use of the word in the article anyway. Also David Hecht of the BBC doesn't say don't use the word, but says it has a very different meaning and implication in Africa, so that should be included too, it is referenced. It doesn't say "many", or "most" people question, it says "some" Aaliyah Stevens 23:38, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Have reference to the reliable (muslim author and otherwise) contemporary translations of Quran, hadith and juristic writings. If they don't employ the term 'those possessed by your right hand' they use the term 'slave' to denote this nature of person and not 'domestic employee' or the like.DavidYork71 00:23, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

1. 24:32
2. Ghamidi, Requisites of Nikah; Slavery
3. Lewis, Bernanrd, Race and Slavery in the Middle East : an Historical Enquiry, Oxford University Press, 1990. p.6
4. Hurgronje,
5. Sachau, p.133
6. Sachau, p.133
7. Jok Madut Jok (2001), p.3
8. James R. Lewis and Carl Skutsch, The Human Rights Encyclopedia, v.3, p. 898-904
9. "Slavery" African Style, BBC Correspondent, Dakar, Senegal,
10. Brunschvig, Encyclopedia of Islam, Abd
11. Quran 24:33

• B-Class Islam-related articles
• Mid-importance Islam-related articles
• WikiProject Islam articles
• Delisted good articles