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'''Biosequestration''' is the capture of atmospheric ] by ]. It is crucial to the initiation, evolution and preservation of life. |
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== Carbon in the Earth's atmosphere == |
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It is generally accepted by ] that the ] content of the ] since before the ] was 0.03 percent.<ref>JE Lovelock. Gaia. A New Look at Life on Earth. Oxford University Press. Oxford. 1989 p80</ref> The capture of atmosphereic C02 level has been largely a function of absorption by sea water, vegetation and soils.<ref>Tim Flannery. The Weather Makers. The History and Future Impact of Climate Change. Text Publishing. Melbourne.2005. p29</ref> The capacity of the oceans to absorb C02 is decreasing.<ref>CL Sabine et al. The oceanic sink for anthropogenic C02 Science 2004; 305:367-71.</ref> Given the potential adverse effects of rising atmospheric C02 levels (see ]) this increases the importance of developing policies and laws that increase photosynthesis and biosequestration. |
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== Enhanced photosynthesis == |
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Biosequestration may be enhanced by improving ] by modifying ] genes in plants to increase the catalytic and/or oxygenation activity of that enzyme.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Spreitzer RJ, Salvucci ME |title=Rubisco: structure, regulatory interactions, and possibilities for a better enzyme |journal=Annu Rev Plant Biol |volume=53 |issue= |pages=449–75 |year=2002 |pmid=12221984 |doi=10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.100301.135233 |url=http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.100301.135233?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> |
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One such research area involves increasing the earth's proportion of ] photosynthetic plants. C4 plants represent about 5% of Earth's plant biomass and 1% of its known plant species,<ref>Bond, W.J.; Woodward, F.I.; Midgley, G.F. (2005). "The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire". New Phytologist 165 (2): 525–538.</ref> but account for around 30% of terrestrial carbon fixation.<ref>Osborne, C.P.; Beerling, D.J. (2006). "Review. Nature's green revolution: the remarkable evolutionary rise of C4 plants". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361 (1465): 173–194</ref> |
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== References == |
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