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'''Hristo Dimitrov Uzunov''' (]/{{lang-mk|Христо Димитров Узунов}}; 22 February 1878 – 24 April 1905) was a ] teacher and revolutionary, head of the Ohrid branch of the ] and its ideological leader in the Ohrid region.<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref>Дневник на Христо Узунов (Memoires from Hristo Uzunov. The original was written in Bulgarian. The notes were made immediately after the Ilinden uprising for much of the winter of 1903, when Uzunov resided in Ohrid as illegal. In short, in chronological order, it traces the history of the Ohrid Revolutionary Organization from its inception in 1894 to the suppression of the uprising. Uzunov probably intended to write a story about the revolutionary movement in Ohrid. Some of the names and facts in the notebook are given with a cipher. They are decrypted by the voivode's brother - Angel Uzunov. All the pages in the notebook are not listed (p. 2, 6—94, 109, 115, 121—124, 130, 136—139). Table 2 consists of a list of killed Bulgarians (only) in Ohrid and Struga areas on suspicion of being IMRO activists.), в: "Дневници и спомени за Илинденско-Преображенското въстание", Издателство на Отечествения фронт, София, 1984, </ref><ref>Николов, Борис, Непубликувани документи из архива на Христо Узунов, сп. Исторически преглед, кн. 5, София, 1990, с. 81–91; Nikolov, Boris, Unpublished Documents from the Archive of Hristo Uzunov, Historical Review Magazine, Vol. 5, Sofia, 1990, pp. 81–91(in Bulgarian)</ref> '''Hristo Dimitrov Uzunov''' ({{lang-mk|Христо Димитров Узунов}}; 22 February 1878 – 24 April 1905) was a ] teacher and revolutionary, head of the Ohrid branch of the ] and its ideological leader in the Ohrid region.<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref>Дневник на Христо Узунов (Memoires from Hristo Uzunov. The original was written in Bulgarian. The notes were made immediately after the Ilinden uprising for much of the winter of 1903, when Uzunov resided in Ohrid as illegal. In short, in chronological order, it traces the history of the Ohrid Revolutionary Organization from its inception in 1894 to the suppression of the uprising. Uzunov probably intended to write a story about the revolutionary movement in Ohrid. Some of the names and facts in the notebook are given with a cipher. They are decrypted by the voivode's brother - Angel Uzunov. All the pages in the notebook are not listed (p. 2, 6—94, 109, 115, 121—124, 130, 136—139). Table 2 consists of a list of killed Bulgarians (only) in Ohrid and Struga areas on suspicion of being IMRO activists.), в: "Дневници и спомени за Илинденско-Преображенското въстание", Издателство на Отечествения фронт, София, 1984, </ref><ref>Николов, Борис, Непубликувани документи из архива на Христо Узунов, сп. Исторически преглед, кн. 5, София, 1990, с. 81–91; Nikolov, Boris, Unpublished Documents from the Archive of Hristo Uzunov, Historical Review Magazine, Vol. 5, Sofia, 1990, pp. 81–91(in Bulgarian)</ref>


==Revolutionary life== ==Revolutionary life==

Revision as of 05:49, 21 February 2023

Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary
Voivode
Hristo Uzunov
Hristo Uzunov c. 1900
Native nameХристо Узунов
Birth nameHristo Dimitrov Uzunov (Христо Димитров Узунов)
Born22 February 1878
Ohrid, Monastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now Republic of North Macedonia)
Died24 April 1905
Cer, Monastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now Republic of North Macedonia)
BuriedCer, Republic of North Macedonia
Allegiance IMRO
Years of service1896-1905
CommandsOhrid Branch of the IMRO
Battles / warsIlinden Uprising
Macedonian Struggle †
Alma materBulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki
Other workTeacher

Hristo Dimitrov Uzunov (Template:Lang-mk; 22 February 1878 – 24 April 1905) was a Macedonian teacher and revolutionary, head of the Ohrid branch of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and its ideological leader in the Ohrid region.

Revolutionary life

The banner of Uzunov's cheta with maid waving Bulgarian flag with inscription: "Свобода или смърть" in older Bulgarian orthography.

Hristo Uzunov was born in 1878 in Ohrid, then in Ottoman Empire. Both his father and mother were active in the Bulgarian national movement. After the establishment of the Principality of Bulgaria his father settled in Sofia and worked here as a librarian in the National Library. It is believed that Uzunov became a member of the revolutionary movement in 1896, while he studied in Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki. Afterward he worked as Bulgarian Exarchate's teacher. On 5 August 1898, Dimitar Grdanov, a Serbian teacher in Ohrid, and pro-Serbian activist in Macedonia, was murdered by Metody Patchev, after which Patchev and his fellow conspirators Hristo Uzunov, Cyril Parlichev and Ivan Grupchev were arrested. Between January 1902 and March 1903 he was re-imprisoned in the Bitola jail. He actively took part in the Ilinden Uprising in 1903. After the Bulgarian Army officer Toma Davidov was killed by the Turks in March 1903, Uzunov took over the leadership of the revolutionary organization in Ohrid area.

Excerpt from Uzunov's death note written in Bulgarian language.

On 23 July 1903, in the village of Kuratica, near Ohrid, the flag of Uzunov's cheta was consecrated. The flag was handed over to Uzunov and with it the regional cheta was active during the Ilinden Uprising. Between 1904 and 1905 he focused at resisting the Serbian guerrilla campaigns in Macedonia and tried to resolve of the organization's internal problems.

Death

The graves of Hristo Uzunov and his men.

In 1905 Hristo Uzunov with his band (cheta) entered Monastir and after that Kičevo in order to gain control of that region. On 23 April 1905, they entered the village of Tser in the region of Kičevo, together with the cheta of Kičevo Vancho Sarbakov. On the night of 24 April they were surrounded by a great number of Ottoman forces and after using up their ammunition, facing surrender, they decided to commit suicide. Uzunov then wrote a short letter addressed to all "honourable revolutionaries" and after that he and his men killed themselves.

His grave is located in Tser, where he died.

References

  1. Радев, Симеон. Ранни спомени, Български писател, 1969, стр. 316.
  2. Трагичната участ на Узунова и четата му, Тома Николов, Отеч. фронт, София, 1989, гл. 16.
  3. Дневник на Христо Узунов (Memoires from Hristo Uzunov. The original was written in Bulgarian. The notes were made immediately after the Ilinden uprising for much of the winter of 1903, when Uzunov resided in Ohrid as illegal. In short, in chronological order, it traces the history of the Ohrid Revolutionary Organization from its inception in 1894 to the suppression of the uprising. Uzunov probably intended to write a story about the revolutionary movement in Ohrid. Some of the names and facts in the notebook are given with a cipher. They are decrypted by the voivode's brother - Angel Uzunov. All the pages in the notebook are not listed (p. 2, 6—94, 109, 115, 121—124, 130, 136—139). Table 2 consists of a list of killed Bulgarians (only) in Ohrid and Struga areas on suspicion of being IMRO activists.), в: "Дневници и спомени за Илинденско-Преображенското въстание", Издателство на Отечествения фронт, София, 1984, стр.83-147.
  4. Николов, Борис, Непубликувани документи из архива на Христо Узунов, сп. Исторически преглед, кн. 5, София, 1990, с. 81–91; Nikolov, Boris, Unpublished Documents from the Archive of Hristo Uzunov, Historical Review Magazine, Vol. 5, Sofia, 1990, pp. 81–91(in Bulgarian)
  5. National military history museum of Bulgaria, fond 260
  6. Илиев, Ив. Свети бойни реликви. — Военноисторически сборник, 1983, № 3, е. стр. 207—209.
  7. Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009, ISBN 0810855658, p. 230.
  8. Makedonija (501-512 ed.). 1995. p. 30.
  9. Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893 – 1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 40.
  10. Иванов Иван, Знамената на освободителното движение и въстанията в Македония и Тракия (откъс от "Български бойни знамена и флагове") Издателство на Министерство на отбраната "Св. Георги Победоносец", 1998.
  11. Николов, Тома. "Спомени от моето минало", Издателство на Отечествения фронт, София, 1989
  12. Трагичната участ на Узунова и четата му, Тома Николов, Отеч. фронт, София, 1989.
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