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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
'''Independent Augustinian communities''' are Roman Catholic religious communities that follow the ], but are not under the jurisdiction of the Prior General of the ] in Rome. '''Independent Augustinian communities''' are ] religious communities that follow the ], but are not under the jurisdiction of the Prior General of the ] in Rome.


They include the ], the ], the ], the Discalced Augustinian, the ], The ], the Augustinian Sisters of Mercy of Jesus (South Africa), The ] (which includes ] congregations), the ], the Brothers of the Assumption (in the Congo), the Sisters of Our Lady of Consolation (Philippines), ], and the Hospitallers of the Mercy of Jesus (Canada). They include the ], the ], the Discalced Augustinian, and others. There is a spiritual link, through the common ] with The ] Brothers (located in the US, Europe, England, Ireland the Philippines and India), the Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word<ref>c.f.<cite> The Rule of Saint Augustine and the Constitutions of the Order of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament </cite> (New York: Schwartz, Kirwin, and Fauss, 1893), pp. 33–35.</ref> (who established the ] in Texas), and the Sisters of St. Joan of Arc (in Quebec, United States, and Rome), and the ].
To a lesser extent there is a spiritual link, through the common ] with The ] Brothers (located in the USA, Europe, England, Ireland the Philippines and India), the Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word<ref>c.f.<cite> The Rule of Saint Augustine and the Constitutions of the Order of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament </cite> (New York: Schwartz, Kirwin, and Fauss, 1893), pp. 33–35.</ref> (who established the ] in Texas), and the Sisters of St. Joan of Arc (in Quebec, United States, and Rome), the ] and the ].


==Augustinian Nuns== ==Other branches==
The two reform congregations are distinct orders in their own right.
⚫ ===Order of Discalced Augustinians===
{{Main|Discalced Augustinians}}
⚫ An offshoot from the ] resulting from reform efforts. These "barefoot" Augustinians are called "discalced" because they wear sandals rather than shoes. They were founded about 1560 by ].


{{main|Augustinian nuns}} ===Order of Augustinian Recollects===
{{Main|Order of Augustinian Recollects}}
The ]s of women under the ] (as distinct from the active orders of religious women who also do) are usually not visible to the general public except via the internet. Historically, the most important of the observant Augustinian communities of women are:
Founded in Spain in 1592, the Augustinian Recollects are a religious order composed of approximately 1200 religious.<ref></ref>
*The Spanish Augustinian tertiary nuns, founded in 1545 by Archbishop ] at ].
* The "reformed" Augustinian nuns who originated under the influence of Augustinian-educated ] ] after the end of the sixteenth century at ], ], and in ].


==Canons Regular==
The contemporary Augustinian nuns are established in centres as diverse as , , , , and in Africa.
Most of the congregations of Canons Regular follow the Rule of St/ Augustine.
===Canons Regular of Saint Augustine===
{{Main|Canons Regular#Canons Regular of Saint Augustine}}
Whilst not being a branch of the Augustinian order, the ], who have been known in English as the "Black Canons," or the "Austin Canons," constitute one of the oldest and most prestigious ] orders. This ancient order is made up of nine independent congregations confederated internationally in 1959, and the Confederation of Canons Regular of St Augustine elects an Abbot Primate.


====Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception====
Notable Augustinian nuns include composer ] (who composed the first sacred music by a woman ever to appear in print), mystic ] whose book '''' was an important influence to ]'s movie ], and the mystic ].
The ], founded in France in 1871, belong to the Confederation of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine.


==] of Saint Augustine== ===Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré===
{{Main|Premonstratensians}}
⚫ This order of Canons Regular (also known as "Norbertines") follows the Rule of St. Augustine, and were founded by ] in 1120. At the end of the 20th century, there were more than one hundred Premonstratensian monasteries worldwide and over 1,500 canons, brothers, deacons, nuns and sisters.<ref></ref>
Whilst not being a branch of the Augustinian family, the ] of St. Augustine, who have been known in English as the "Black Canons," or the "Augustinian Canons," constitute one of the oldest and most prestigious ] orders. This ancient order is made up of nine independent congregations confederated internationally in 1959, and the Confederation of Canons Regular of St Augustine elects an Abbot Primate. They have houses in Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, the Dominican Republic, England, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, and Uruguay. The different congregation include: The Canons Regular of St. John Lateran, the Austrian Congregation of Canons Regular, based in the ancient abbeys of Herzogenburg, ], Neustift, ], ], Vorau and Neustift that look after over 100 parishes in Austria and ] (]), the ], The Canons Regular of St. Victor, The Canons Regular of Great St. Bernard, The Canons Regular of St. Maurice, the Canons Regular of Windesheim, The Brothers of the Common Life, The Canons Regular of Our Lady, Mother of the Redeemer.


==Other congregations following the Rule of St. Augustine==
⚫ ==] (Barefoot)==
Canon 13 of the ] directed those who wished to found a new religious community to choose an existing approved rule.


⚫ ===Brothers Hospitallers of St John of God===
⚫ An offshoot from the hermit friars (not counted comprehensively in this article), resulting from reform efforts. These barefoot Augustinians (in France ''Augustins déchaussés'') were founded about 1560 by ] (d. 1582).
⚫ Not an historical offshoot, but following the ], this institute was founded by the Portuguese Saint ] in Spain during the 16th century.<ref></ref> They conduct 231 health care and social welfare services throughout the world and are the official health care providers to the Pope.


===Augustinians of the Assumption===
==The Premonstratensians (])==
{{Main|Assumptionists}}

The Assumptionists are a religious congregation of pontifical right, founded in France around 1845 by ]. The priests and brothers are active in teaching, communications, and mission work.<ref></ref>
⚫ This order of Canons Regular also follow the Rule of St. Augustine, and were founded by ]. At the end of the 20th century, there were more than one hundred Premonstratensian monasteries worldwide and over 1,500 canons and lay brothers.

https://web.archive.org/web/20060221113550/http://www.norbertines.org/order/orderglance.html


==The Dominican friars== ==The Dominican friars==
When ] obtained approval for his new Order of Preachers, he was directed to adopt an already existing rule. As a cathedral canon, he chose the Rule of St. Augustine. "He supplemented rule with legislation and customs borrowed from the Premonstratensians."<ref></ref> He also drew some monastic observances from ] tradition. While the Dominicans follow an adapted Augustinian rule, they are a separate and distinct religious order that counts Augustine as one of its patrons.

The Dominican Friars follow the rule of St. Augustine given to them by their founder, ], who had been a canon regular, before embarking on the life that led to the establishment of the Order. The Dominicans in 1216 the ].

⚫ ==Brothers Hospitallers of St John of God==

⚫ Not an historical offshoot, but following the ], this institute was founded by the Portuguese Saint ] in Spain during the 16th century. They conduct 231 health care and social welfare services throughout the world and are the official health care providers to the Pope.


==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]; ] founded by St. Norbert (1120)
*


==Notes== ==References==
{{reflist}}
<references />


==External links== ==External links==
* *
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* – Independent Catholic * – Independent Catholic
{{Schaff-Herzog}} {{Schaff-Herzog}}

Latest revision as of 21:37, 7 September 2023

Independent Augustinian communities are Roman Catholic religious communities that follow the Augustinian Rule, but are not under the jurisdiction of the Prior General of the Augustinian hermits in Rome.

They include the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine, the Augustinian Recollects, the Discalced Augustinian, and others. There is a spiritual link, through the common Augustinian Rule with The Alexian Brothers (located in the US, Europe, England, Ireland the Philippines and India), the Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word (who established the University of the Incarnate Word in Texas), and the Sisters of St. Joan of Arc (in Quebec, United States, and Rome), and the Brothers Hospitallers of St John of God.

Other branches

The two reform congregations are distinct orders in their own right.

Order of Discalced Augustinians

Main article: Discalced Augustinians

An offshoot from the hermit friars resulting from reform efforts. These "barefoot" Augustinians are called "discalced" because they wear sandals rather than shoes. They were founded about 1560 by Thomas a Jesu.

Order of Augustinian Recollects

Main article: Order of Augustinian Recollects

Founded in Spain in 1592, the Augustinian Recollects are a religious order composed of approximately 1200 religious.

Canons Regular

Most of the congregations of Canons Regular follow the Rule of St/ Augustine.

Canons Regular of Saint Augustine

Main article: Canons Regular § Canons Regular of Saint Augustine

Whilst not being a branch of the Augustinian order, the Canons Regular of St. Augustine, who have been known in English as the "Black Canons," or the "Austin Canons," constitute one of the oldest and most prestigious Latin Rite orders. This ancient order is made up of nine independent congregations confederated internationally in 1959, and the Confederation of Canons Regular of St Augustine elects an Abbot Primate.

Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception

The Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception, founded in France in 1871, belong to the Confederation of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine.

Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré

Main article: Premonstratensians

This order of Canons Regular (also known as "Norbertines") follows the Rule of St. Augustine, and were founded by Norbert of Xanten in 1120. At the end of the 20th century, there were more than one hundred Premonstratensian monasteries worldwide and over 1,500 canons, brothers, deacons, nuns and sisters.

Other congregations following the Rule of St. Augustine

Canon 13 of the Fourth Council of the Lateran directed those who wished to found a new religious community to choose an existing approved rule.

Brothers Hospitallers of St John of God

Not an historical offshoot, but following the Augustinian Rule, this institute was founded by the Portuguese Saint John of God in Spain during the 16th century. They conduct 231 health care and social welfare services throughout the world and are the official health care providers to the Pope.

Augustinians of the Assumption

Main article: Assumptionists

The Assumptionists are a religious congregation of pontifical right, founded in France around 1845 by Emmanuel d'Alzon. The priests and brothers are active in teaching, communications, and mission work.

The Dominican friars

When Saint Dominic obtained approval for his new Order of Preachers, he was directed to adopt an already existing rule. As a cathedral canon, he chose the Rule of St. Augustine. "He supplemented rule with legislation and customs borrowed from the Premonstratensians." He also drew some monastic observances from Benedictine tradition. While the Dominicans follow an adapted Augustinian rule, they are a separate and distinct religious order that counts Augustine as one of its patrons.

See also

References

  1. c.f. The Rule of Saint Augustine and the Constitutions of the Order of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament (New York: Schwartz, Kirwin, and Fauss, 1893), pp. 33–35.
  2. Augustinian Recollects
  3. Order of Prémontré
  4. Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God
  5. Augustinians of the Assumption
  6. "St. Dominic and the Dominican Tradition", Providence College

External links

Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication in the public domain: Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914). New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

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