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| {{short description|Purported micronation}} | |||
| {{Citation style|date=September 2009}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ]The '''Kingdom of EnenKio''', or "EnenKio" for short, is a small ] of ] who lay claim to the ]' ] of ]. EnenKio seeks recognition as a ] ]n ] in the Northern ]. The Kingdom of EnenKio derives its name from the native name of the northernmost Marshallese ], Eneen-Kio, which was also written as Enen-kio. In the Marshallese language, ''Enen-kio'' means "Island of the orange flower." The nation has been infamous for alleged fraudulent purposes.{{which?|date=July 2013}} | |||
| The '''Kingdom of EnenKio''' is a claimed ] near the ] run by Robert Moore.<ref name=quakio>{{cite web|url=http://www.quatloos.com/enenkio.htm |title=The Kingdom of Enen Kio |work=]}}</ref> | |||
| == Background == | |||
| ] comprises three proximate ] ] currently known as Peale Island, Wake Island, and Wilkes Island. In aggregate they make up an area of approximately 6.5 km² and are approximately 2,300 statute miles west of the ] and 2,000 miles from ]. The nearest island neighbor is ] of the Marshall Islands group, some 300 miles to the south. Westerners have called Wake Island by different names throughout history, such as San Francisco, Lamira, Disclerta, Halcyon, Helsion, and Wilson. | |||
| The ] has claimed ], which it calls "Ānen Kio" ("Enen-Kio" in older Marshallese orthography). In 1973, Marshallese lawmakers meeting in Saipan at the Congress of Micronesia, the legislative body for the ], asserted that "Enen-Kio is and always has been the property of the people of the Marshall Islands." Their claim was based on oral legends and songs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3864881/wake_island_claimed_by_marshall_islands/ |title=Wake Island Claimed By Marshall Islanders |work=The Cameron Herald |date=8 February 1973 |page=2}}</ref> "EnenKio" means "Island of the orange flower" and comes from the ] that is native to the island.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RzsTAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Island+of+the+orange+flower%22 |title=Enen-kio: Island of the Kio Flower |journal=Micronesian Reporter |publisher=Public Information Office, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands |volume=19 |date=1971 |page=34}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Native plants of the Marshalls |url=http://biormi.org/index.shtml?en/native_plants.shtml |website=Republic of the Marshall Islands Biodiversity Clearing House Mechanism |publisher=RMI Office of Environmental Planning and Policy Coordination (OEPPC) |access-date=7 September 2019 |quote="Scientific name: Sida fallax English name: ? Marshallese name: kio"}}</ref> The island is currently controlled and administered by the ]. | |||
| == Claimed micronation == | |||
| The proclaimed king is current ] ]. | |||
| The self-declared "Kingdom of EnenKio" has also claimed Wake Island as a separate sovereign nation and has issued ]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/inquirer/walking-on-eggshells/news-story/e0f800a86f936c67291189541046737c |title=Walking on eggshells |work=] |date=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://archives.digitaltoday.in/indiatoday/20020930/cyber.html |title=Con Countries |magazine=] |date=30 September 2002}}</ref> The Kingdom of EnenKio is not recognized in any international forum as a sovereign state, nor does any internationally recognized state recognize it. In 1997 the ], a micronation engaged in financial fraud, reported that the two had entered into relations.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rf_mHK98RNwC&pg=PA116 |title=Global Pirates: Fraud in the Offshore Insurance Industry |author=Robert Tillman |year=2002 |publisher=] |isbn=978-1-55553-505-6 |page=116}}</ref> The Kingdom of EnenKio is characterized as a scam by anti-fraud website ]<ref name=quakio /> In 2000, Robert Moore, who claimed to be the head of state, was prevented by the ] from fraudulently issuing bonds for the non-existent nation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/lr16780.htm |title=SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION v. Robert F. Moore |work=] |date=26 October 2000}}</ref> | |||
| On 23 April 1998 the Marshall Islands government issued Circular Note 01-98, which vigorously denied the Kingdom of EnenKio and the Dominion of Melchizedek's claims, stating: | |||
| ==Basis of claim== | |||
| The Kingdom of EnenKio bases their claim over Wake Island upon primarily three factors. | |||
| ⚫ | {{quote|The Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands condemns the claims and activities asserted by representatives of the "Kingdom of EnenKio" and the "Dominion of Melchizedek". The representatives making claims of separate sovereignty are not citizens of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and have no right to make claims on behalf of Marshallese landowners. Furthermore, these representatives are making fraudulent assertions that violate the Republic of the Marshall Islands' constitution. The area of land and ocean which the "Kingdom of EnenKio" asserts as a sovereign nation separate from the Marshall Islands and the area of land and ocean which the "Dominion of Melchizedek" is asserting control over are areas within the geographical and political boundaries of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. | ||
| First, ] Marshallese ] suggests that, before ]an ], nearby ] travelled to what is now Wake Island, which the ancient travelers called ''Enen-kio'' after a small orange ]-] said to have been found on the island. In ancient Marshallese ], ]s surrounding the ] of ]s, called ''],'' were done using certain fresh human bones, which required a ]. A man could save himself from being sacrificed if he obtained a wing bone from a certain very large ] said to have existed on ''Enen-kio''. Small groups would therefore brave traveling to the island in hope of obtaining and returning with this bone, thus saving the life of the potential human sacrifice.<ref>http://www.enenkio.org/adobe/Kio_Island.pdf</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | The Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands discourages all independent sovereign nations having diplomatic relations with the Republic from acknowledging any fraudulent claims made by representatives of the "Kingdom of EnenKio" and the "Dominion of Melchizedek". | ||
| Second, EnenKio's Monarch claims to be a direct descendant of ancient travelers to Wake Island, as described above.<ref></ref> | |||
| |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of the Marshall Islands<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.quatloos.com/marshall_islands_declares.htm |title=Marshall Islands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Declares 'Kingdom of EnenKio' a Fraud |website=]}}</ref>}} | |||
| Third, and based upon the above two factors,<ref>http://www.enenkio.org/intro.htm#reference1</ref> EnenKio bases their claim upon concepts of first-usage lands rights commonly held in ]n ] and ] as ] for settling ].<ref>http://www.forumsec.org.fj/division/DEPD/Economic_%20Issues/Land%20Issues%20in%20the%20Pacific.pdf#search=%22land%20disputes%20first%20usage%20micronesia%22 {{dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref><ref>http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/alrc/publications/reform/reform80/07.rtf</ref><ref>http://www.forumsec.org.fj/docs/FEMM/2002/femv06.pdf#search=%22land%20disputes%20first%20usage%20micronesia%22 {{dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref> | |||
| However, because there is no evidence of any permanent Marshall Islander settlement on Wake Atoll, the kingdom's claims have been questioned by many. Becoming a citizen requires membership in Kio Royale, a "private independent service-oriented advocacy group" that requires an initiation fee ranging from $500 to $10,000.<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20051230033739/http://www.enenkio.org/adobe/kr_app.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.richardsramblings.com/2002/10/the-kingdom-of-enenkio/</ref> EnenKio is characterized as a scam by ],<ref>http://www.quatloos.com/enenkio.htm</ref> whose view is shared by the Marshall Islands Journal.<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20030428123330/http://www.enenkio.org/adobe/MIJ.War.pdf</ref> | |||
| ==Status== | |||
| To date, EnenKio is not recognized in any international forum as a sovereign state nor does any internationally recognized state recognize it. In 1997 the ] a micronation engaged in financial fraud, reported that the two had entered into relations.<ref name="Tillman2002">{{cite book|author=Robert Tillman|title=Global Pirates: Fraud in the Offshore Insurance Industry|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Rf_mHK98RNwC&pg=PA116|year=2002|publisher=UPNE|isbn=978-1-55553-505-6|pages=116}}</ref> On 23 April 1998 the Marshall Islands government issued Circular Note 01-98, which vigorously denied EnenKio's Wake Island claims. | |||
| <blockquote> | |||
| ⚫ | The Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands condemns the claims and activities asserted by representatives of the "Kingdom of EnenKio" and the "Dominion of Melchizedek". The representatives making claims of separate sovereignty are not citizens of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and have no right to make claims on behalf of Marshallese landowners. Furthermore, these representatives are making fraudulent assertions that violate the Republic of the Marshall Islands' constitution. The area of land and ocean which the "Kingdom of EnenKio" asserts as a sovereign nation separate from the Marshall Islands and the area of land and ocean which the "Dominion of Melchizedek" is asserting control over are areas within the geographical and political boundaries of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. | ||
| </blockquote> | |||
| <blockquote> | |||
| ⚫ | The Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands discourages all independent sovereign nations having diplomatic relations with the Republic from acknowledging any fraudulent claims made by representatives of the "Kingdom of EnenKio" and the "Dominion of Melchizedek". |
||
| </blockquote> | |||
| According to a WHOIS websearch at ], the domain "enenkio.org", which had been used for a website promoting the claims of the "Kingdom of EnenKio", was secured by the Japanese firm GMO Internet, Inc. on 6 June 2011.<ref></ref> As of 5 December 2011, the domain links to a Japanese dating website. | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | |||
| {{portal|Micronations}} | |||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist|30em}} | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| * |
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.enenkio.org/ |title=Official website |access-date=27 August 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051030101651/http://www.enenkio.org/ |archive-date=30 October 2005 |url-status=bot: unknown |df=dmy-all }} | ||
| * | |||
| {{Micronations}} | {{Micronations}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:27, 2 October 2023
Purported micronation
The Kingdom of EnenKio is a claimed micronation near the Marshall Islands run by Robert Moore.
Background
The Republic of the Marshall Islands has claimed Wake Island, which it calls "Ānen Kio" ("Enen-Kio" in older Marshallese orthography). In 1973, Marshallese lawmakers meeting in Saipan at the Congress of Micronesia, the legislative body for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, asserted that "Enen-Kio is and always has been the property of the people of the Marshall Islands." Their claim was based on oral legends and songs. "EnenKio" means "Island of the orange flower" and comes from the Kio flower that is native to the island. The island is currently controlled and administered by the United States.
Claimed micronation
The self-declared "Kingdom of EnenKio" has also claimed Wake Island as a separate sovereign nation and has issued passports. The Kingdom of EnenKio is not recognized in any international forum as a sovereign state, nor does any internationally recognized state recognize it. In 1997 the Dominion of Melchizedek, a micronation engaged in financial fraud, reported that the two had entered into relations. The Kingdom of EnenKio is characterized as a scam by anti-fraud website Quatloos! In 2000, Robert Moore, who claimed to be the head of state, was prevented by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from fraudulently issuing bonds for the non-existent nation.
On 23 April 1998 the Marshall Islands government issued Circular Note 01-98, which vigorously denied the Kingdom of EnenKio and the Dominion of Melchizedek's claims, stating:
The Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands condemns the claims and activities asserted by representatives of the "Kingdom of EnenKio" and the "Dominion of Melchizedek". The representatives making claims of separate sovereignty are not citizens of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and have no right to make claims on behalf of Marshallese landowners. Furthermore, these representatives are making fraudulent assertions that violate the Republic of the Marshall Islands' constitution. The area of land and ocean which the "Kingdom of EnenKio" asserts as a sovereign nation separate from the Marshall Islands and the area of land and ocean which the "Dominion of Melchizedek" is asserting control over are areas within the geographical and political boundaries of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
The Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands discourages all independent sovereign nations having diplomatic relations with the Republic from acknowledging any fraudulent claims made by representatives of the "Kingdom of EnenKio" and the "Dominion of Melchizedek".
— Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of the Marshall Islands
See also
References
- ^ "The Kingdom of Enen Kio". Quatloos!.
- "Wake Island Claimed By Marshall Islanders". The Cameron Herald. 8 February 1973. p. 2.
- "Enen-kio: Island of the Kio Flower". Micronesian Reporter. 19. Public Information Office, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands: 34. 1971.
- "Native plants of the Marshalls". Republic of the Marshall Islands Biodiversity Clearing House Mechanism. RMI Office of Environmental Planning and Policy Coordination (OEPPC). Retrieved 7 September 2019.
Scientific name: Sida fallax English name: ? Marshallese name: kio
- "Walking on eggshells". The Australian. 28 February 2014.
- "Con Countries". India Today. 30 September 2002.
- Robert Tillman (2002). Global Pirates: Fraud in the Offshore Insurance Industry. Northeastern University Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-55553-505-6.
- "SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION v. Robert F. Moore". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 26 October 2000.
- "Marshall Islands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Declares 'Kingdom of EnenKio' a Fraud". Quatloos!.
External links
- "Official website". Archived from the original on 30 October 2005. Retrieved 27 August 2005.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
