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{{Short description|German chemist who discovered the diazotization reaction (1829–1888)}}
{{Infobox scientist {{Infobox scientist
|name = Johann Peter Griess | name = Johann Peter Griess
|image =
⚫ | image = File:Peter Griess ca1870.jpg
|caption = | caption =
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1829|9|6|df=y}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1829|9|6|df=y}}
|birth_place = ] (now part of ]), ] | birth_place = ] (now part of ]), ]
|residence = ], ]
|nationality = ] | nationality = ]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1888|8|30|1829|9|6|df=y}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1888|8|30|1829|9|6|df=y}}
|death_place = ], ] | death_place = ], ]
|field = ] | field = ]
|work_institution = ]</br>] | work_institution = ]<br>]
|alma_mater = ] | alma_mater = ]
|doctoral_advisor = ],</br> ] | doctoral_advisor = ],<br> ]
|doctoral_students = | doctoral_students =
|known_for = ] reaction | known_for = ] reaction
|prizes = | prizes =
|religion = | religion =
|footnotes = | footnotes =
}} }}
'''Johann Peter Griess''' (6 September 1829 – 30 August 1888) was an industrial chemist<ref>'']''</ref> and an early pioneer of ]. '''Johann Peter Griess''' (6 September 1829 – 30 August 1888) was an industrial chemist<ref>'']''</ref> and an early pioneer of ]. Griess was influential in the formation of modern dyes, first formulating the ] reaction of ].<ref name="Yates Yates 2015 pp. 65–81">{{cite journal | last1=Yates | first1=Edwin | last2=Yates | first2=Andrew | title=Johann Peter Griess FRS (1829–88): Victorian brewer and synthetic dye chemist | journal=Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science | publisher=The Royal Society | volume=70 | issue=1 | date=2015-12-16 | issn=0035-9149 | doi=10.1098/rsnr.2015.0020 | pages=65–81| pmid=31390390 | s2cid=7184692 | doi-access=free | pmc=4759715 }}</ref>


==Life== ==Life==


After he finished at an agricultural private school, he joined the Hessian ], but left the military shortly after. He started his studies at the ] in 1850, but changed to the ] in 1851. During his student life he was several times sentenced for ] and was also banned from the city for one year, in which he listened to lectures of ] at the ]. After most of the family possession were spent he had to start working at the chemical factory of Oehler in ] in 1856. This was only possible after the recommendation of ], who was head of the chemistry department in Marburg. The devastating fire of 1857 ended the production of chemicals at the factory and a changed Peter Griess rejoined Hermann Kolbe at the ]. His new enthusiasm for chemistry yielded the discovery of diazonium salts in 1858. The discovery of a new class of chemicals convinced ] to offer Peter Griess to join him at his new position at ]. During his time at the Royal College he studied the reactions of ] rich organic molecules. It took him quite long to accustom to his new home in England but the fact that he married in 1869 and founded a family made clear that he would not return to Germany, even though he was offered a position at the ]. After he finished at an agricultural private school, he joined the ] ], but left the military shortly after. He started his studies at the ] in 1850, but changed to the ] in 1851. During his student life he was several times sentenced to the ] (campus jail) and was also banned from the city for one year, during which time he listened to lectures of ] at the ].
After most of the family possession had been spent, Griess had to start working at the chemical factory of Oehler in ] in 1856. This was only possible after the recommendation of ], who was head of the chemistry department in Marburg. The devastating fire of 1857 ended the production of chemicals at the factory and a changed Peter Griess rejoined Hermann Kolbe at the ]. His new enthusiasm for chemistry yielded the discovery of diazonium salts in 1858.<ref>Peter Griess (1858) (Preliminary notice of the reaction of nitrous acid with picramic acid and aminonitrophenol), ''Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie'', '''106''' : 123-125.</ref> The discovery of a new class of chemicals convinced ] to invite Griess to join him at his new position at the ]. During his time at the Royal College, he studied the reactions of ]-rich organic molecules. It took him quite long to become accustomed to his new home in England, but the fact that he married in 1869 and founded a family made it clear that he did not intend to return to Germany, even though he was offered a position at the ].
He left and started a position at the ] ] in 1862 where he worked until his retirement. He left and started a position at the ] ] in 1862 where he worked until his retirement.
His wife died after a long, severe illness in 1886; he survived her for two years and died on August 30, 1888. He is buried in ]. His wife died after a long, severe illness in 1886; he survived her for two years and died on August 30, 1888. He is buried in ].
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==Work== ==Work==


In 1858 he described the ''Griess ] reaction'' which would form the basis for the ] for detection of ]. Most of his work related to brewing remained confidential, but his additional work on organic chemistry was published by him in several articles. In 1858 he described the ''Griess ] reaction'' which would form the basis for the ] for detection of ]. Most of his work related to brewing remained confidential, but his additional work on organic chemistry was published by him in several articles.


==Notes== ==Notes==
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| author = Griess P. | author = Griess P.
| title = Bemerkungen zu der Abhandlung der HH. Weselky und Benedikt Ueber einige Azoverbindungen | title = Bemerkungen zu der Abhandlung der HH. Weselky und Benedikt Ueber einige Azoverbindungen
| journal = ] | journal = ]
| volume = 12 | volume = 12
| issue = 1 | issue = 1
| pages = 426–428 | pages = 426–428
| year = 1879 | year = 1879
| doi = 10.1002/cber.187901201117}} | doi = 10.1002/cber.187901201117| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1425164
⚫ }}
*{{cite journal *{{cite journal
| author = August Bopp, ], ] | author = August Bopp, ], ]
| title = Zur Erinnerung an Peter Griess | title = Zur Erinnerung an Peter Griess
| journal = ] | journal = ]
| volume = 24 | volume = 24
| issue = 3 | issue = 3
| pages = 1006–1078 | pages = 1006–1078
| year = 1891 | year = 1891
| doi = 10.1002/cber.18910240398}} | doi = 10.1002/cber.18910240398| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1425652
}}
*{{cite journal *{{cite journal
| author = R. Wizinger-Aust | author = R. Wizinger-Aust
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| pages = 199–204 | pages = 199–204
| year = 1958 | year = 1958
| doi = 10.1002/ange.1760700802}} | doi = 10.1002/ange.19580700802}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=74613894}} {{Authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
⚫ | NAME = Griess, Peter
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 6 September 1829
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Kirchhosbach (now part of ]), ]
| DATE OF DEATH = 30 August 1888
| PLACE OF DEATH = ], ]
⚫ }}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Griess, Peter}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Griess, Peter}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
⚫ ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
⚫ ]

]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 10:21, 16 January 2024

German chemist who discovered the diazotization reaction (1829–1888)
Johann Peter Griess
Born(1829-09-06)6 September 1829
Kirchhosbach (now part of Waldkappel), Germany
Died30 August 1888(1888-08-30) (aged 58)
Bournemouth, England
NationalityGerman
Alma materUniversity of Marburg
Known fordiazotization reaction
Scientific career
FieldsChemist
InstitutionsUniversity of Marburg
Royal College of Chemistry
Doctoral advisorHermann Kolbe,
August Wilhelm von Hofmann

Johann Peter Griess (6 September 1829 – 30 August 1888) was an industrial chemist and an early pioneer of organic chemistry. Griess was influential in the formation of modern dyes, first formulating the diazotization reaction of arylamines.

Life

After he finished at an agricultural private school, he joined the Hessian cavalry, but left the military shortly after. He started his studies at the University of Jena in 1850, but changed to the University of Marburg in 1851. During his student life he was several times sentenced to the Karzer (campus jail) and was also banned from the city for one year, during which time he listened to lectures of Justus Liebig at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.

After most of the family possession had been spent, Griess had to start working at the chemical factory of Oehler in Offenbach am Main in 1856. This was only possible after the recommendation of Hermann Kolbe, who was head of the chemistry department in Marburg. The devastating fire of 1857 ended the production of chemicals at the factory and a changed Peter Griess rejoined Hermann Kolbe at the University of Marburg. His new enthusiasm for chemistry yielded the discovery of diazonium salts in 1858. The discovery of a new class of chemicals convinced August Wilhelm von Hofmann to invite Griess to join him at his new position at the Royal College of Chemistry. During his time at the Royal College, he studied the reactions of nitrogen-rich organic molecules. It took him quite long to become accustomed to his new home in England, but the fact that he married in 1869 and founded a family made it clear that he did not intend to return to Germany, even though he was offered a position at the BASF. He left and started a position at the Samuel Allsopp & Sons brewery in 1862 where he worked until his retirement. His wife died after a long, severe illness in 1886; he survived her for two years and died on August 30, 1888. He is buried in Burton upon Trent.

Work

In 1858 he described the Griess diazotization reaction which would form the basis for the Griess test for detection of Nitrite. Most of his work related to brewing remained confidential, but his additional work on organic chemistry was published by him in several articles.

Notes

  1. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  2. Yates, Edwin; Yates, Andrew (2015-12-16). "Johann Peter Griess FRS (1829–88): Victorian brewer and synthetic dye chemist". Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science. 70 (1). The Royal Society: 65–81. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2015.0020. ISSN 0035-9149. PMC 4759715. PMID 31390390. S2CID 7184692.
  3. Peter Griess (1858) "Vorläufige Notiz über die Einwirkung von salpetriger Säure auf Amidinitro- und Aminitrophenylsäure," (Preliminary notice of the reaction of nitrous acid with picramic acid and aminonitrophenol), Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 106 : 123-125.

References

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