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{{short description|Fourth Chabad Rebbe}}
'''Shmuel Schneersohn''' (] - ]), was an ] ]. He was the fourth ] ] based in the town of Lubavitch in present-day ]. He was the son of Rabbi ] who was the third ''Rebbe'' of Lubavitch. He was also known as the ''Maharash''.
{{Distinguish|Shmuel Schneurson}}
{{redirect|Maharash|the 17th century Polish rabbi|Meir Wahl}}
{{Infobox rebbe
|title= Lubavitcher Rebbe
|image = Stamp of Rabbi Shmuel Schneerson.jpg
|caption = Stamp of Shmuel Schneerson
| began = 17 March 1866
| ended = 14 September 1882 ]
|birth_name= Shmuel Schneersohn
|main_work= Likutei Torah - Toras Shmuel
|predecessor= ]
|successor= ]
| spouse = Sterna (daughter of his brother Chaim Shneur Zalman), Rivkah (granddaughter of ])


|issue2= Shneur Zalman Aharon<br />]<br /> Avrohom Sender<br />Menachem Mendel<br /> Devorah Leah Ginsburg<br />Chaya Mushka Horenstein
==Rebbes of Lubavitch==
*]: |dynasty= ]
|father= ]
#] (]-])
|mother= Chaya Mushka (daughter of ])
#] (]-])
|birth_date= 29 April 1834 OS
#] (]-])
|birth_place= ], ]
#] (]-])
|death_date= 14 September 1882 OS
#] (]-])
|death_place= ], Russian Empire
#] (]-])
|place of burial= ]
#] (]-])
}}
]


'''Shmuel Schneersohn''' (or '''Rabbi Shmuel of Lubavitch''' or '''The Rebbe Maharash''') (29 April 1834 – 14 September 1882 ]) was an ] ] and the fourth ] (spiritual leader) of the ] ] movement.
==Time-line of Lubavitcher rebbes==
<center>
<table border=1>
<tr>
<td width=30% align=center>
Preceded by:<br>]
<td width=30%align=center>
]
<td width=30% align=center>
Succeeded by:<br>]
</table>
</center>


==Biography==
{{bio-stub}}
{{Judaism-stub}} {{Chabad sidebar}}
Shmuel Schneersohn was born in ], on 2 Iyar 5594 (1834),<!--Hebcal website says that this date equals 11 May 1834; not 29 April--> the seventh son of ]. He faced competition from three of his brothers, primarily from ] who established a dynasty in ] upon their father's death. Other brothers also established dynasties in ], ], and ].<ref>''Sefer HaToldot Rav Shmuel, Admor Maharash'', Glitzenstein, A. H.</ref>


In 1848, Schneersohn was married to the daughter of his brother, Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneersohn. After several months she died, and he then married Rivkah, a granddaughter of his own grandfather ]. He had three sons, Zalman Aharon, ], and Menachem Mendel, as well as one daughter, Devorah Leah.{{fact|date=March 2021}}
]

]
Schneersohn was said to have had chariots on call for the evacuation of books in time of fire.<ref>''The Messiah of Brooklyn: Understanding Lubavitch Hasidim Past and Present'', M. Avrum Ehrlich, ch.16 note.12, KTAV Publishing, {{ISBN|0-88125-836-9}}</ref>
]

Besides his communal activism, he had wide intellectual interests. He spoke several languages, including ].<ref name="ilo">''Encyclopedia of Hasidism, entry: Schneersohn, Shmuel''. Naftali Lowenthal. Aronson, London 1996. {{ISBN|1-56821-123-6}}</ref> He wrote widely on a range of religious and secular topics, and much of his writing has never been published and remains in manuscript form alone.<ref name="ilo"/> His discourses began to be published for the first time under the title ''Likkutei Torat Shmuel'' in 1945 by ], and 12 volumes have so far been printed.<ref name="ilo"/>

He died in Lyubavichi, on 13 Tishrei 5643 (1882), <!--Hebcal gives 26 September for 13 Tishrei--> leaving three sons and two daughters, and was succeeded by his son Sholom Dovber.<ref name="ilo"/>

Schneersohn urged the study of ] as a prerequisite for one's humanity:
<blockquote>A person who is capable of comprehending the '']'' (kabbalistic secrets concerning the coming-into-being of all existence every moment) - and fails to do so - cannot be considered a human being. At every moment and time one must know where his soul stands. It is a ] (commandment) and an obligation to know the ''seder hishtalshelus''.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514105202/http://www.sichosinenglish.org/books/sefer-hatoldos-admur-maharash/09.htm |date=2007-05-14 }}</ref></blockquote>

==Works==
*"Likkutei Torah L'Sholosh Parshiyos" - Discourses based on the first three ] in Torah Ohr of the ]
*"] 5626-5642" 35 volumes - discourses in order of the parshiyos and festivals
*"Sefer hasichos Toras Shmuel"
*"Igros Kodesh" A collection of over 70 surviving letters and Halachik responsa

==Aphorisms==
<blockquote>"The world says, 'If you can't crawl under, climb over.' But I say, ''Lechatchilah Ariber''--'At the outset, one should climb over.'"<ref>See footnote number "", of {{cite web
|url = http://www.sichosinenglish.org/books/sichos-in-english/50/08.htm
|title = The Blessings Of The Lubavitcher Rebbe Shlita / After Minchah Erev Yom Kippur, 5752
|quote =
|publisher = ]
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20020327024023/http://www.sichosinenglish.org/books/sichos-in-english/50/08.htm
|archive-date = March 27, 2002
|url-status = dead
}}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>"You cannot fool God; ultimately, you cannot fool others either. The only one you can fool is yourself. And to fool a fool is no great achievement."<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031104075554/http://www.sichosinenglish.org/books/through-the-eyes-of-a-woman/59.htm |date=2003-11-04 }}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>"because better is better, is good not good? rather good is good, and better is better!"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=31629&st=&pgnum=205|title = אגרות קודש אדמו"ר מוהריי"צ ד - שניאורסון, יוסף יצחק, 1880-1950 (Page 205 of 623)}}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>
"Why are you demanding of me?<ref>To rid you of evil thoughts</ref> Demand of yourself! If you toil and fill your mind with Torah there won't be any space for foreign thoughts! break your desires and you will feel great pleasure in prayer!"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=31629&st=&pgnum=111&hilite=|title=אגרות קודש אדמו"ר מוהריי"צ ד - שניאורסון, יוסף יצחק, 1880-1950 (Page 111 of 623)}}</ref></blockquote>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*
*
*

{{Rabbinical eras timeline|1830|1880|Shmuel_Schneersohn}}
{{S-start}}
{{succession box | before = ] | title = ] of ] | years = 1866—1882 | after = ]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Chabad}}
{{Schneersohn family tree}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schneersohn, Shmuel}}
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Latest revision as of 13:05, 20 January 2024

Fourth Chabad Rebbe Not to be confused with Shmuel Schneurson. "Maharash" redirects here. For the 17th century Polish rabbi, see Meir Wahl.
Shmuel Schneersohn
Stamp of Shmuel Schneerson
TitleLubavitcher Rebbe
Personal life
BornShmuel Schneersohn
29 April 1834 OS
Lyubavichi, Russian Empire
Died14 September 1882 OS
Lyubavichi, Russian Empire
SpouseSterna (daughter of his brother Chaim Shneur Zalman), Rivkah (granddaughter of Dovber Schneuri)
Parents
Religious life
ReligionJudaism
Jewish leader
PredecessorMenachem Mendel Schneersohn
SuccessorSholom Dovber Schneersohn
Death of Shmuel Schneersohn. Ha-Melits. 1882-10-10. P8.

Shmuel Schneersohn (or Rabbi Shmuel of Lubavitch or The Rebbe Maharash) (29 April 1834 – 14 September 1882 OS) was an Orthodox rabbi and the fourth Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad Lubavitch Chasidic movement.

Biography

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Shmuel Schneersohn was born in Lyubavichi, on 2 Iyar 5594 (1834), the seventh son of Menachem Mendel Schneersohn. He faced competition from three of his brothers, primarily from Yehuda Leib Schneersohn who established a dynasty in Kapust upon their father's death. Other brothers also established dynasties in Lyady, Nizhyn, and Ovruch.

In 1848, Schneersohn was married to the daughter of his brother, Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneersohn. After several months she died, and he then married Rivkah, a granddaughter of his own grandfather Dovber Schneuri. He had three sons, Zalman Aharon, Shalom Dovber, and Menachem Mendel, as well as one daughter, Devorah Leah.

Schneersohn was said to have had chariots on call for the evacuation of books in time of fire.

Besides his communal activism, he had wide intellectual interests. He spoke several languages, including Latin. He wrote widely on a range of religious and secular topics, and much of his writing has never been published and remains in manuscript form alone. His discourses began to be published for the first time under the title Likkutei Torat Shmuel in 1945 by Kehot, and 12 volumes have so far been printed.

He died in Lyubavichi, on 13 Tishrei 5643 (1882), leaving three sons and two daughters, and was succeeded by his son Sholom Dovber.

Schneersohn urged the study of Kabbalah as a prerequisite for one's humanity:

A person who is capable of comprehending the seder hishtalshelus (kabbalistic secrets concerning the coming-into-being of all existence every moment) - and fails to do so - cannot be considered a human being. At every moment and time one must know where his soul stands. It is a mitzvah (commandment) and an obligation to know the seder hishtalshelus.

Works

  • "Likkutei Torah L'Sholosh Parshiyos" - Discourses based on the first three parshiyos in Torah Ohr of the Alter Rebbe
  • "Likkutei Torah - Toras Shmuel 5626-5642" 35 volumes - discourses in order of the parshiyos and festivals
  • "Sefer hasichos Toras Shmuel"
  • "Igros Kodesh" A collection of over 70 surviving letters and Halachik responsa

Aphorisms

"The world says, 'If you can't crawl under, climb over.' But I say, Lechatchilah Ariber--'At the outset, one should climb over.'"

"You cannot fool God; ultimately, you cannot fool others either. The only one you can fool is yourself. And to fool a fool is no great achievement."

"because better is better, is good not good? rather good is good, and better is better!"

"Why are you demanding of me? Demand of yourself! If you toil and fill your mind with Torah there won't be any space for foreign thoughts! break your desires and you will feel great pleasure in prayer!"

References

  1. Sefer HaToldot Rav Shmuel, Admor Maharash, Glitzenstein, A. H.
  2. The Messiah of Brooklyn: Understanding Lubavitch Hasidim Past and Present, M. Avrum Ehrlich, ch.16 note.12, KTAV Publishing, ISBN 0-88125-836-9
  3. ^ Encyclopedia of Hasidism, entry: Schneersohn, Shmuel. Naftali Lowenthal. Aronson, London 1996. ISBN 1-56821-123-6
  4. Sefer HaToldos Admur Maharash Archived 2007-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
  5. See footnote number "", of "The Blessings Of The Lubavitcher Rebbe Shlita / After Minchah Erev Yom Kippur, 5752". Chabad.org. Archived from the original on March 27, 2002.
  6. The Nechama Greisman Anthology Archived 2003-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
  7. "אגרות קודש אדמו"ר מוהריי"צ ד - שניאורסון, יוסף יצחק, 1880-1950 (Page 205 of 623)".
  8. To rid you of evil thoughts
  9. "אגרות קודש אדמו"ר מוהריי"צ ד - שניאורסון, יוסף יצחק, 1880-1950 (Page 111 of 623)".

External links

AcharonimRishonimGeonimSavoraimAmoraimTannaimZugot
Preceded byMenachem Mendel Schneersohn Rebbe of Lubavitch
1866—1882 		Succeeded bySholom Dovber Schneersohn
Chabad
Rebbes
Places and landmarks
Holidays
Organizations
Schools
Texts
Practices and concepts
Chabad offshoots
Schneersohn family tree
Shneur Zalman
(1745–1812)		Shterna
Shalom ShachnaDevorah Leah
(d. 1792)		Dovber
(1773–1827)		Sheina
Menachem Mendel
(1789–1866)		Chaya Mushka
(d. 1860)
Baruch Shalom
(1805–1869)		Shmuel
(1834–1882)		Yosef Yizchak
(1822–1876)		Yisroel Noah
(1815–1883)		Chaim Schneur Zalman
(d. 1879)		Yehuda Leib
(1811–1866)
Levi Yitzchak
(1834–1878)		Shalom Dovber
(1860–1920)		Shterna Sara
(1860–1942)		Avraham
(1860–1937)		Yitzchak Dovber
(1833–1910)		Shlomo Zalman
(1830–1900)		Shalom Dovber
(d. 1908)		Shmaryahu Noah
(1842–1924)
Baruch Schneur
(d. 1926)		Yosef Yitzchak
(1880–1950)		Nechama Dina
(1881–1971)		Levi Yitzchak
(d. 1904)
Levi Yitzchak
(1878–1944)		Chana
(1880–1964)
Menachem Mendel
(1902–1994)		Chaya Mushka
(1901–1988)
  Light green indicates a Hasidic Rebbe of the Chabad-Lubavitch dynasty   Light purple indicates a Hasidic Rebbe of the Chabad-Kapust dynasty   Light orange indicates a Hasidic Rebbe of the Chabad-Niezhin dynasty   Light blue indicates a Hasidic Rebbe of the Chabad-Liadi dynasty   Light yellow indicates a Hasidic Rebbe of Avrutch dynasty

Solid lines indicate parents/children, dashed lines show marriages, dotted lines show in-laws. Additional members of Schneersohn family are not listed here

Notes:
  1. Founder and first Rebbe of Chabad, known as Shneur Zalman of Liady
  2. Surname Altschuler
  3. 2nd Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch, known as Dovber Schneuri and the Middle Rebbe
  4. 3rd Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch, known as Tzemach Tzedek, first to assume the surname "Schneersohn"
  5. 4th Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch, known as Maharash
  6. Rebbe in Avrutch
  7. 1st Rebbe of Chabad-Niezhin
  8. 1st Rebbe of Chabad-Liadi
  9. 1st Rebbe of Chabad-Kapust, known as Maharil of Kapust
  10. 5th Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch, known as Rashab
  11. 2nd Rebbe of Chabad-Liadi, known as Maharid
  12. 2rd Rebbe of Chabad-Kapust
  13. 3rd Rebbe of Chabad-Kapust, known as Rashab of Rechitsa
  14. 4th Rebbe of Chabad-Kapust
  15. 6th Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch, known as Rayatz
  16. 3rd Rebbe of Chabad-Liadi, Levi Yitzchak Guterman, son-in-law of Chaim Schneur Zalman Schneersohn
  17. 7th Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch, uses the spelling of "Schneerson"
References:
  • Schneersohn, Yosef Yitzchak; Schneerson, Menachem Mendel (2005). Hayom Yom: Bilingual Edition. Brooklyn, NY: Kehot Publication Society. ISBN 0-8266-0669-5.
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