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| :''This article is about the first few weeks of the Invasion of Normandy (D-Day). The first day of the landings are covered in more detail at ].'' | |||
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| {{Infobox Military Conflict | |||
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| |partof=] | |||
| |image=] | |||
| |caption=Assault landing one of the first waves at ] as photographed by ]. The ] caption identifies the unit as Company E, 16th Infantry, ]. | |||
| |date=], ] – mid-July 1944 | |||
| |place=], ] | |||
| |result=Decisive Allied victory | |||
| |combatant1=<!-- countries are in alphabetical order to avoid any arguments, in any other order they show list of importance etc which can cause to arguments etc -->{{flag|Australia}}<ref></ref><br>{{flag|Canada|1921}}<br />{{flagicon|France|free}} ]<br>{{flagicon|New Zealand}} ]<br>{{flagicon|Netherlands}} ]<br> {{flag|Norway}}<ref></ref><br>{{flag|Poland}}<br>{{flag|United Kingdom}}<br />{{flag|United States|1912}}<br /> | |||
| |combatant2={{flagicon|Germany|Nazi}} ] | |||
| |commander1=<!-- 1st Canadian Army did not come ashore until later in the campaign so they should not be mentioned here --> | |||
| {{flagicon|United States|1912}} ]<br/>(])<br/>{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} ] (Deputy Supreme Allied Commander)<br/>{{flagicon|United Kingdom}}] (], Ground Forces Commander in Chief) <br/>{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} ] (Air Commander in Chief)<br />{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} ] (Naval Commander in Chief) <br> | |||
| {{flagicon|United States|1912}} ] (])<br/>{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} ] (])<br /> | |||
| |commander2={{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} ] (])<br />{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} ] (])<br />{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} ] (]) | |||
| |strength1=1,000,000 (by ])<ref>http://ibiblio.net/hyperwar/USA/USMA/WEurope1/WEurope1-3.html</ref> | |||
| |strength2=380,000 (by ])<ref>Zetterling, p. 32: "When Operation Cobra was launched, the Germans had brought to Normandy about 410,000 men in divisions and non-divisional combat units. If this is multiplied by 1.19 we arrive at approximately 490,000 soldiers. However, until ], casualties amounted to 116,863, while only 10,078 replacements had arrived."</ref> | |||
| |casualties1='''United States''': 1,465 dead, 5,138 wounded, missing or captured;<br />'''United Kingdom''': 2,700 dead, wounded or captured;<br />'''Canada''': 340 dead; 621 wounded or captured;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ddaymuseum.co.uk/faq.htm#casualities |title=Frequently Asked Questions for D-Day and the Battle of Normandy |accessdate=2007-11-10 |format= |work=D-Day Museum, Portsmouth }} Note that casualties are for 6 June 1944 only.</ref><br>'''Total:'''10,264 | |||
| |casualties2='''Nazi Germany''': Between 4,000 and 9,000 dead, wounded or captured <ref>Keegan, John. ''The Second World War''.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ddaymuseum.co.uk/faq.htm#casualities |title=Frequently Asked Questions for D-Day and the Battle of Normandy |accessdate=2007-11-10 |format= |work=D-Day Museum, Portsmouth }} Note that casualties are for 6 June 1944 only.</ref> | |||
| }} | |||
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| {{Campaignbox Normandy}} | |||
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| {{Campaignbox Western Europe (1944-1945)}} | |||
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| {{Campaignbox Western Front (World War II)}} | |||
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| The '''Invasion of Normandy''' was the invasion and establishment of ] forces in ], ] during ] in ]. It covers from the ] on ], ] until the Allied breakout in mid-July. | |||
| The invasion was the largest seaborne ] at the time,<ref>{{cite video|people=Ian Holm|medium=Documentary|publisher=BBC|location=UK|time=49:45|quote=The fleet of ships now embarking on the 24 hour journey to ] is the greatest armada the world has ever seen.}}</ref> involving over 850,000 troops crossing the ] from the ] to ] by the end of June 1944.<ref name="gilbert1">"By midnight, 155,000 Allied troops were already ashore" {{cite book|title=The Second World War|date=1989|accessdate=2007-10-10|pages=534|isbn=9-780805-017885}}</ref> | |||
| Allied land forces that saw combat in Normandy on June 6 came from ], ], the ], and the ]. In the weeks following the invasion, ] also participated and there were also contingents from ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Jeffery|title=The Long Left Flank}}</ref> Most of the above countries also provided air and naval support, as did the ],<ref></ref> ] and the ].<ref></ref> | |||
| The Normandy invasion began with overnight ] and ] landings, massive ], ], an early morning ] landing and during the evening the remaining elements of the parachute divisions landed. The "D-Day" forces deployed from bases along the south coast of England, the most important of these being ].<ref name="keegan2">{{cite book|last=Keegan|first=John|title=The Second World War|date=1989|accessdate=2007-10-12|isbn=9-780712-673488}}</ref> | |||
| ==Allied preparations== | |||
| ], ] on the evening of ], ].]] | |||
| {{main|Normandy Campaign#Allied Preparations}} | |||
| The objective of the operation was to create a ] that would be anchored in the city of Caen (and later Cherbourg when its deep-water port would be captured). As long as Normandy could be secured, the Western European campaign and the downfall of Nazi Germany could begin. About 6,900 vessels would be involved in the invasion, under the command of ] (who had been directly involved in the North African and Italian landings), including 4,100 ]. A total of 12,000 aircraft under ] ] were to support the landings, including 1,000 transports to fly in the parachute troops; 10,000 tons of bombs would be dropped against the German defenses, and 14,000 attack ] would be flown.<ref>{{cite book | |||
| | last = Hakim | |||
| | first = Joy | |||
| | authorlink = | |||
| | coauthors = | |||
| | title = A History of Us: War, Peace and all that Jazz | |||
| | publisher = Oxford University Press | |||
| | date = 1995 | |||
| | location = New York | |||
| | pages = | |||
| | url = | |||
| | doi = | |||
| | id = | |||
| | isbn = 0-19-509514-6 }}</ref> | |||
| Some of the more unusual Allied preparations included armoured vehicles specially adapted for the assault. Developed under the leadership of Maj. Gen. ] (Montgomery’s brother-in-law, and an armoured warfare specialist), these vehicles (nicknamed '']'') included "swimming" ], the ] flame throwing tank, mine-clearing tanks, bridge-laying tanks and road-laying tanks and the ''Armoured Vehicle, ]'' (])–equipped with a large-caliber ] for destroying concrete emplacements. Some prior testing of these vehicles had been undertaken at ] in ], England. The majority would be operated by small teams from the British ] attached to the various formations. | |||
| ], a southern English coastal town, en route to board landing ships for the invasion of France.]] | |||
| == Planning of the Invasion == | |||
| Allied forces rehearsed their roles for D-Day months before the invasion. On ], ], in south ] on the English coast, 638 U.S. soldiers and sailors were killed when ] | |||
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