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{{about|the space surveillance station in Tajikistan|village in Poland|Okno, West Pomeranian Voivodeship|island in Sweden|Oknö}} {{about|the space surveillance station in Tajikistan|village in Poland|Okno, West Pomeranian Voivodeship|island in Sweden|Oknö}}
{{Infobox military structure {{Infobox military installation
| ensign = File:Russian military space troops flag.svg
| ensign_size = 90px
|name = Okno |name = Okno
|native_name = |native_name =
|partof = |partof =
|location = ], ] |location = ], ]
|image = |image = Okno_(10).jpg
|caption = Okno telescopes |caption = Okno telescopes
|map_type = Tajikistan |map_type = Tajikistan
Line 21: Line 23:
|ownership = Russia <ref name="Lenta-Okno"/><ref name="prize"/> |ownership = Russia <ref name="Lenta-Okno"/><ref name="prize"/>
|open_to_public = No |open_to_public = No
|controlledby = Russia |controlledby = ]
|garrison = |garrison =
}} }}
'''Okno''' ({{lang-rus|Окно}} meaning window) is a Russian space surveillance station located in ] in ].<ref name="fas-okno"/> It is run by the ] and is part of the ].<ref name="RT-okno"/> It is located {{convert|2216|m}} above sea level in the ] mountains, an area with clear night skies. Another facility, ], is in the ]. '''Okno''' ({{lang-rus|Окно}} meaning window) is a Russian space surveillance station located in ] in ].<ref name="fas-okno"/> It is run by the ] and is part of the ].<ref name="RT-okno"/> It is located {{convert|2216|m}} above sea level in the ] mountains, an area with clear night skies. Another facility, ], is in the ].


The facility consists of a number of telescopes in domes and is similar to the US ] system. It is designed for the detection and analysis of space objects such as satellites.<ref name="RT-okno"/> The designers were awarded a Russian state prize for science and technology in 2004.<ref name="prize"/> The facility consists of a number of telescopes in domes and is similar to the US ] system. It is designed for the detection and analysis of space objects such as satellites.<ref name="RT-okno"/> The designers were awarded a Russian state prize for science and technology in 2004.<ref name="prize"/>


==History== ==History==
The Okno facility was started by the Soviet Union in 1979 using thousands of military unit No. 14464 "Construction Forces" draftees. All construction stopped in 1992 due to the ] and the centre started test operations in 1999 and combat duty in 2004.<ref name="Kremlin-Okno"/> Ownership of the complex was transferred from Tajikistan to Russia in 2004 in return for the writing off of $242 million ] of Tajikistan's $299 million USD debt to Russia.<ref name="Lenta-Okno"/><ref name="prize"/> The Okno facility was started by the Soviet Union in 1979 using thousands of military unit No. 14464 "Construction Forces" draftees. All construction stopped in 1992 due to the ] and the centre started test operations in 1999 and combat duty in 2004.<ref name="Kremlin-Okno"/> Ownership of the complex was transferred from Tajikistan to Russia in 2004 in return for the writing off of $242 million ] of Tajikistan's US$299 million debt to Russia.<ref name="Lenta-Okno"/><ref name="prize"/>


A Russian-operated space surveillance system located in Tajikistan, Okno-M, has reached its full capacity, making it four times more powerful, the Russian Ministry of Defense reports in July 2015. The surveillance station successfully underwent state tests late in 2014.<ref>http://sputniknews.com/russia/20150728/1025119227.html</ref> A Russian-operated space surveillance system located in Tajikistan, Okno-M, has reached its full capacity, making it four times more powerful, the Russian Ministry of Defense reports in July 2015. The surveillance station successfully underwent state tests late in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russian Aerospace Defense Forces Get Improved Surveillance System|date=August 3, 2015|url=https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/threat-news/russian-aerospace-defense-forces-get-improved-surveillance-system/
|publisher=Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance|access-date=May 14, 2023}}</ref>


When it was built it was believed by some in the west to be a military ] laser facility rather than one for optical tracking. In 1987 John E. Pike of the ] was quoted as saying "''Whether or not this facility will be capable of shooting down satellites or 'Star Wars,' it most certainly is developing the kind of technology that would eventually be able to do so."''<ref name="fas-okno"/><ref name="Lasersite"/><ref name="heritage"/> When it was built it was believed by some in the west to be a military ] laser facility rather than one for optical tracking. In 1987 John E. Pike of the ] was quoted as saying "''Whether or not this facility will be capable of shooting down satellites or 'Star Wars,' it most certainly is developing the kind of technology that would eventually be able to do so."''<ref name="fas-okno"/><ref name="Lasersite"/><ref name="heritage"/>

A complex like Okno features in the ] novel ], based on actual satellite photography of the site. The description of the installations in the book matches closely its actual configuration though not its real purpose, as the book is based on Okno being a laser antimissile system. The facility is also featured in the game ] as an anti-aircraft base.


==Function== ==Function==
] with Tajik President ] and Space Forces commander ], Okno, July 2009]] ] with Tajik President ] and Space Forces commander ], Okno, July 2009]]
Okno is a facility for tracking and monitoring man-made space objects. The Russian military claims that it automatically detects objects at altitudes up to {{convert|40000|km}}. This is above ] and includes satellites in ], ] and some in ]. It only works at night and works passively by picking up reflected sunlight off objects.<ref name="prize"/><ref name="RT-okno"/> After 2014 modernization its range was increased to 50000 km.<ref>https://news.rambler.ru/science/35393642-okno-v-tadzhikistane-uvidit-50-tysyach-km-kosmosa/</ref> Okno is a facility for tracking and monitoring man-made space objects. The Russian military claims that it automatically detects objects at altitudes up to {{convert|40000|km}}. This is above ] and includes satellites in ], ] and some in ]. It only works at night and works passively by picking up reflected sunlight off objects.<ref name="prize"/><ref name="RT-okno"/> After 2014 modernization its range was increased to 50,000&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.rambler.ru/science/35393642-okno-v-tadzhikistane-uvidit-50-tysyach-km-kosmosa/ |title="Окно" в Таджикистане "увидит" объекты в космосе на расстоянии 50 тысяч км — Рамблер/новости |access-date=2016-12-01 |archive-date=2016-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202040152/https://news.rambler.ru/science/35393642-okno-v-tadzhikistane-uvidit-50-tysyach-km-kosmosa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==External links== ==External links==
Line 48: Line 49:
==References== ==References==
<references> <references>
<ref name="fas-okno">{{cite book |title=Sourcebook on the Okno (в/ч 52168), Krona (в/ч 20096) and Krona-N (в/ч 20776) Space Surveillance Sites |last= |first= |authorlink= |date=2008-12-30 |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |location= |isbn= |page= |pages= |url=http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/track/okno.pdf|accessdate=July 31, 2012}} <ref name="fas-okno">{{cite book |title=Sourcebook on the Okno (в/ч 52168), Krona (в/ч 20096) and Krona-N (в/ч 20776) Space Surveillance Sites |date=2008-12-30 |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |url=http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/track/okno.pdf |access-date=July 31, 2012 |archive-date=2012-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522061057/http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/track/okno.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
</ref>


<ref name="RT-okno">{{cite web <ref name="RT-okno">{{cite web
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_C9fdT_Ay0 | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_C9fdT_Ay0
| title = Russia's military window on space | title = Russia's military window on space
| publisher = Russia Today | publisher = Russia Today
| date = 2008-03-04 | date = 2008-03-04
| accessdate = 2012-03-12 | access-date = 2012-03-12
| archive-date = 2010-04-11
}}</ref>
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100411104934/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_C9fdT_Ay0
| url-status = live
}}</ref>


<ref name="Lenta-Okno">{{cite web <ref name="Lenta-Okno">{{cite web
| url = http://lenta.ru/world/2004/10/16/nurek/ |url = http://lenta.ru/world/2004/10/16/nurek/
| script-title=ru:Таджикистан передал России электронную станцию слежения за космосом |script-title = ru:Таджикистан передал России электронную станцию слежения за космосом
| publisher = Lenta.ru |publisher = Lenta.ru
| language = Russian |language = ru
| date = 2004-10-16 |date = 2004-10-16
| accessdate = 2012-03-12 |access-date = 2012-03-12
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110218043314/http://lenta.ru/world/2004/10/16/nurek/
|archive-date = 2011-02-18
}}</ref> }}</ref>


<ref name="Kremlin-Okno">{{cite web <ref name="Kremlin-Okno">{{cite web
| url = http://archive.kremlin.ru/text/news/2009/07/220379.shtml |url = http://archive.kremlin.ru/text/news/2009/07/220379.shtml
| script-title=ru:ТАДЖИКИСТАН. Дмитрий Медведев и Президент Таджикистана Эмомали Рахмон посетили российскую оптико-электронную станцию обнаружения и распознавания космических объектов (ОЭС) "Окно". |script-title = ru:ТАДЖИКИСТАН. Дмитрий Медведев и Президент Таджикистана Эмомали Рахмон посетили российскую оптико-электронную станцию обнаружения и распознавания космических объектов (ОЭС) "Окно".
| publisher = President of Russia |publisher = President of Russia
| language = Russian |language = ru
| date = 31 July 2009 |date = 31 July 2009
| accessdate = 2012-03-12 |access-date = 2012-03-12
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141129112259/http://archive.kremlin.ru/text/news/2009/07/220379.shtml
|archive-date = 29 November 2014
}}</ref> }}</ref>


Line 81: Line 90:
| title = Red Horizons: The U.S. Response to Soviet Military Gains in Space | title = Red Horizons: The U.S. Response to Soviet Military Gains in Space
| publisher = The Heritage Foundation | publisher = The Heritage Foundation
| quote= "massive Soviet laser facility under construction at Dushanbe" | quote = "massive Soviet laser facility under construction at Dushanbe"
| date = 1988-09-14 | date = 1988-09-14
| author=Robin Ranger | author = Robin Ranger
| accessdate = 2012-11-30 | access-date = 2012-11-30
| archive-date = 2021-07-12
}}</ref>
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210712021133/https://www.heritage.org/europe/report/red-horizons-the-us-response-soviet-military-gains-space
| url-status = live
}}</ref>


<ref name="Lasersite">{{cite web <ref name="Lasersite">{{cite web
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/23/us/private-satellite-photos-offer-clues-about-soviet-laser-site.html | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/23/us/private-satellite-photos-offer-clues-about-soviet-laser-site.html
| title = Private Satellite Photos Offer Clues About Soviet Laser Site | title = Private Satellite Photos Offer Clues About Soviet Laser Site
| publisher = New York Times | work = New York Times
| author = William J Broad | author = William J Broad
| date = 1987-10-23 | date = 1987-10-23
| accessdate = 2012-03-12 | access-date = 2012-03-12
| archive-date = 2011-01-21
}}</ref>
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110121092556/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/23/us/private-satellite-photos-offer-clues-about-soviet-laser-site.html
| url-status = live
}}</ref>


<ref name="prize">{{cite web <ref name="prize">{{cite web
Line 101: Line 116:
| publisher = ] | publisher = ]
| date = 2006-04-17 | date = 2006-04-17
| accessdate = 2012-03-13 | access-date = 2012-03-13
| archive-date = 2012-04-15
}}</ref>
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120415112659/http://enews.fergananews.com/article.php?id=1390
| url-status = live
}}</ref>


<ref name="mod-ru">{{cite web <ref name="mod-ru">{{cite web
| url = http://www.structure.mil.ru/structure/forces/cosmic/weapons/more.htm?id=10342893@morfMilitaryModel | url = http://www.structure.mil.ru/structure/forces/cosmic/weapons/more.htm?id=10342893@morfMilitaryModel
| title = Оптико-электронный комплекс "Окно" (Optical-Electronic complex "Okno") | title = Оптико-электронный комплекс "Окно" (Optical-Electronic complex "Okno")
| language =Russian | language = ru
| publisher = Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation | publisher = Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| date = n.d. | date = n.d.
| accessdate = 2012-03-17 | access-date = 2012-03-17
| archive-date = 2013-01-24
}}</ref>
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130124074220/http://structure.mil.ru/structure/forces/cosmic/weapons/more.htm?id=10342893@morfMilitaryModel
| url-status = live
}}</ref>


</references> </references>

Latest revision as of 15:38, 6 March 2024

This article is about the space surveillance station in Tajikistan. For village in Poland, see Okno, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. For island in Sweden, see Oknö.
Okno
Nurak, Tajikistan
Okno telescopes
Okno is located in TajikistanOknoOkno
Coordinates38°16′52″N 69°13′30″E / 38.281°N 69.225°E / 38.281; 69.225
TypeSpace surveillance facility
Site information
OwnerRussia
Controlled byRussian Space Forces
Open to
the public
No
ConditionOperational
Site history
Built1999 (1999)
Built bySoviet Union/Russia

Okno (Russian: Окно meaning window) is a Russian space surveillance station located in Nurak in Tajikistan. It is run by the Russian Space Forces and is part of the Centre for Outer Space Monitoring. It is located 2,216 metres (7,270 ft) above sea level in the Sanglok mountains, an area with clear night skies. Another facility, Okno-S, is in the Russian Far East.

The facility consists of a number of telescopes in domes and is similar to the US GEODSS system. It is designed for the detection and analysis of space objects such as satellites. The designers were awarded a Russian state prize for science and technology in 2004.

History

The Okno facility was started by the Soviet Union in 1979 using thousands of military unit No. 14464 "Construction Forces" draftees. All construction stopped in 1992 due to the civil war in Tajikistan and the centre started test operations in 1999 and combat duty in 2004. Ownership of the complex was transferred from Tajikistan to Russia in 2004 in return for the writing off of $242 million USD of Tajikistan's US$299 million debt to Russia.

A Russian-operated space surveillance system located in Tajikistan, Okno-M, has reached its full capacity, making it four times more powerful, the Russian Ministry of Defense reports in July 2015. The surveillance station successfully underwent state tests late in 2014.

When it was built it was believed by some in the west to be a military anti-satellite laser facility rather than one for optical tracking. In 1987 John E. Pike of the Federation of American Scientists was quoted as saying "Whether or not this facility will be capable of shooting down satellites or 'Star Wars,' it most certainly is developing the kind of technology that would eventually be able to do so."

Function

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev with Tajik President Emomali Rahmon and Space Forces commander Oleg Ostapenko, Okno, July 2009

Okno is a facility for tracking and monitoring man-made space objects. The Russian military claims that it automatically detects objects at altitudes up to 40,000 kilometres (25,000 mi). This is above low Earth orbit and includes satellites in medium Earth orbit, geostationary orbit and some in high Earth orbit. It only works at night and works passively by picking up reflected sunlight off objects. After 2014 modernization its range was increased to 50,000 km.

External links

Main Space Intelligence Centre (2012)
Parent unitSpace Command
Components

References

  1. ^ Таджикистан передал России электронную станцию слежения за космосом (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 2004-10-16. Archived from the original on 2011-02-18. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
  2. ^ "Okno ELINT complex in Tajikistan is becoming Russian". Ferghana Information Agency. 2006-04-17. Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
  3. "Оптико-электронный комплекс "Окно" (Optical-Electronic complex "Okno")" (in Russian). Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. n.d. Archived from the original on 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  4. ^ Sourcebook on the Okno (в/ч 52168), Krona (в/ч 20096) and Krona-N (в/ч 20776) Space Surveillance Sites (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. 2008-12-30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-05-22. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
  5. ^ "Russia's military window on space". Russia Today. 2008-03-04. Archived from the original on 2010-04-11. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
  6. ТАДЖИКИСТАН. Дмитрий Медведев и Президент Таджикистана Эмомали Рахмон посетили российскую оптико-электронную станцию обнаружения и распознавания космических объектов (ОЭС) "Окно". (in Russian). President of Russia. 31 July 2009. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
  7. "Russian Aerospace Defense Forces Get Improved Surveillance System". Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance. August 3, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
  8. William J Broad (1987-10-23). "Private Satellite Photos Offer Clues About Soviet Laser Site". New York Times. Archived from the original on 2011-01-21. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
  9. Robin Ranger (1988-09-14). "Red Horizons: The U.S. Response to Soviet Military Gains in Space". The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 2021-07-12. Retrieved 2012-11-30. massive Soviet laser facility under construction at Dushanbe
  10. ""Окно" в Таджикистане "увидит" объекты в космосе на расстоянии 50 тысяч км — Рамблер/новости". Archived from the original on 2016-12-02. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
Soviet and Russian long range military radars
Early Warning
Space Surveillance
Categories: