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{{short description|Class of antidepressants}}
'''Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants''' (abbreviated: '''NaSSAs''') are a relatively new class of ]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kent J |title=SNaRIs, NaSSAs, and NaRIs: new agents for the treatment of depression |journal=Lancet |volume=355 |issue=9207 |pages=911-8 |year=2000 |pmid=10752718}}</ref> They are thought to work by blocking presynaptic alpha-2 ] that normally inhibit the release of the ]s ] (]) and ]. This results in increases in both noradrenergic and specific serotonergic transmission.
] (original brand name Remeron)]]


'''Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants''' ('''NaSSAs''') are a class of ]s used primarily as ]s.<ref name="Julien2004">{{cite book | author = Robert M. Julien | title = A Primer Of Drug Action: A Comprehensive Guide To The Actions, Uses, And Side Effects Of Psychoactive Drugs | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fhNkIsK4y9QC&pg=PA286 | access-date = 23 April 2012 | date = 17 September 2004 | publisher = Macmillan | isbn = 978-0-7167-0615-1 | pages = 286}}</ref> They act by ] the ] and certain ]s such as ] and ],<ref name="Julien2004" /> but also ],<ref name="Julien2004" /> ], and/or ] in some cases. By blocking α<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic ]s and ]s, NaSSAs enhance ] and ] ] in the ] involved in ] regulation,<ref name="Julien2004" /> notably ]-mediated transmission.<ref name="HalesShahrokh2009">{{cite book | author1 = Robert E. Hales | author2 = Narriman C. Shahrokh | author3 = Alan F. Schatzberg |author4=Charles B. Nemeroff | title = Study Guide to Psychopharmacology: A Companion to the American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fourth Edition | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=--BsJw_A7UwC&pg=PA202 | access-date = 23 April 2012 | date = 28 April 2009 | publisher = American Psychiatric Pub | isbn = 978-1-58562-354-9 | page = 202}}</ref> In addition, due to their blockade of certain serotonin receptors, serotonergic neurotransmission is not facilitated in unwanted areas, which prevents the incidence of many ]s often associated with ] (SSRI) antidepressants;<ref name="Julien2004" /><ref name="Publishers1998">{{cite book | author = Bentham Science Publishers | title = Current Pharmaceutical Design | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LjNh9ASGehUC | access-date = 23 April 2012 | date = August 1998 | publisher = Bentham Science Publishers | page = }}</ref> hence, in part, the "specific serotonergic" label of NaSSAs.<ref name="HalesShahrokh2009" />
Examples of NaSSAs include:


==List of NaSSAs==
* ] (Remeron®, Zispin®, Avanza®, Norset®, Remergil®, Axit®)
The NaSSAs include the following agents:


* ] (CGS-7525A)
NaSSAs are said to have fewer side effects than ]s and ]s (SSRIs) while being equally effective. In particular, it is said that the sexual dysfunction that is a relatively common side effect of SSRIs occurs significantly less often during treatment with Mirtazapine.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fawcett J, Barkin R |title=Review of the results from clinical studies on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of mirtazapine for the treatment of patients with major depression |journal=J Affect Disord |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=267-85 |year=1998 |pmid=10333982}} </ref>
* ] (ORG-50,081)
* ] (Bolvidon, Norval, Tolvon)<ref name="Carlstedt2009">{{cite book | author = Roland A. Carlstedt | title = Handbook of Integrative Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine: Perspectives, Practices, and Research | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4Tkdm1vRFbUC&pg=PA290 | access-date = 23 April 2012 | date = 14 December 2009 | publisher = Springer Publishing Company | isbn = 978-0-8261-1094-7 | page = 290}}</ref>
* ] (Norset, Remeron, Avanza, Zispin)<ref name="Carlstedt2009" />
* ] (Tecipul)


Notably, all of these compounds are ] and are also classified as ]s (TeCAs) based on their ]s.
⚫ ==See also==


], a structurally novel NaSSA with an improved ] profile (e.g., no ] effects, etc.), was reported in 2012.<ref name="pmid22178752">{{cite journal |vauthors=Millan MJ, Mannoury la Cour C, Chanrion B, etal | title = S32212, a novel serotonin type 2C receptor inverse agonist/α2-adrenoceptor antagonist and potential antidepressant: I. A mechanistic characterization | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 340 | issue = 3 | pages = 750–64 |date=March 2012 | pmid = 22178752 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.111.187468 | s2cid = 8546314 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22178753">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dekeyne A, Brocco M, Loiseau F, etal | title = S32212, a novel serotonin type 2C receptor inverse agonist/α2-adrenoceptor antagonist and potential antidepressant: II. A behavioral, neurochemical, and electrophysiological characterization | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 340 | issue = 3 | pages = 765–80 |date=March 2012 | pmid = 22178753 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.111.187534 | s2cid = 11363664 }}</ref> It has completed preliminary ] and may go on to undergo ]s.
* ]

⚫ ==See also==
* ] (SARI)
* ] (SMS)
* ] (NDDI)
* ]
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


==Further reading==
⚫ ]
* {{cite journal | author = Kent JM | title = SNaRIs, NaSSAs, and NaRIs: new agents for the treatment of depression | journal = Lancet | volume = 355 | issue = 9207 | pages = 911–8 |date=March 2000 | pmid = 10752718 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)11381-3 | s2cid = 27686300 | doi-access = free }}


==External links==
]
*{{Commonscatinline|Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants}}



{{treatment-stub}}
{{Antidepressants}} {{Antidepressants}}
{{Adrenergic receptor modulators}}
{{Serotonin receptor modulators}}

⚫ ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 16:50, 21 March 2024

Class of antidepressants
Chemical structure of the prototypical NaSSA mirtazapine (original brand name Remeron)

Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs) are a class of psychiatric drugs used primarily as antidepressants. They act by antagonizing the α2-adrenergic receptor and certain serotonin receptors such as 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C, but also 5-HT3, 5-HT6, and/or 5-HT7 in some cases. By blocking α2-adrenergic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, NaSSAs enhance adrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the brain involved in mood regulation, notably 5-HT1A-mediated transmission. In addition, due to their blockade of certain serotonin receptors, serotonergic neurotransmission is not facilitated in unwanted areas, which prevents the incidence of many side effects often associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants; hence, in part, the "specific serotonergic" label of NaSSAs.

List of NaSSAs

The NaSSAs include the following agents:

Notably, all of these compounds are analogues and are also classified as tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) based on their chemical structures.

S32212, a structurally novel NaSSA with an improved selectivity profile (e.g., no antihistamine effects, etc.), was reported in 2012. It has completed preliminary preclinical research and may go on to undergo clinical trials.

See also

References

  1. ^ Robert M. Julien (17 September 2004). A Primer Of Drug Action: A Comprehensive Guide To The Actions, Uses, And Side Effects Of Psychoactive Drugs. Macmillan. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-7167-0615-1. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  2. ^ Robert E. Hales; Narriman C. Shahrokh; Alan F. Schatzberg; Charles B. Nemeroff (28 April 2009). Study Guide to Psychopharmacology: A Companion to the American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fourth Edition. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-58562-354-9. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  3. Bentham Science Publishers (August 1998). Current Pharmaceutical Design. Bentham Science Publishers. p. 298. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  4. ^ Roland A. Carlstedt (14 December 2009). Handbook of Integrative Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, and Behavioral Medicine: Perspectives, Practices, and Research. Springer Publishing Company. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-8261-1094-7. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  5. Millan MJ, Mannoury la Cour C, Chanrion B, et al. (March 2012). "S32212, a novel serotonin type 2C receptor inverse agonist/α2-adrenoceptor antagonist and potential antidepressant: I. A mechanistic characterization". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 340 (3): 750–64. doi:10.1124/jpet.111.187468. PMID 22178752. S2CID 8546314.
  6. Dekeyne A, Brocco M, Loiseau F, et al. (March 2012). "S32212, a novel serotonin type 2C receptor inverse agonist/α2-adrenoceptor antagonist and potential antidepressant: II. A behavioral, neurochemical, and electrophysiological characterization". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 340 (3): 765–80. doi:10.1124/jpet.111.187534. PMID 22178753. S2CID 11363664.

Further reading

External links

Antidepressants (N06A)
Specific reuptake inhibitors and/or receptor modulators
SSRIsTooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
SNRIsTooltip Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
NRIsTooltip Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
NDRIsTooltip Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors
NaSSAsTooltip Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants
SARIsTooltip Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors
SMSTooltip Serotonin modulator and stimulators
Others
Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants
TCAsTooltip Tricyclic antidepressants
TeCAsTooltip Tetracyclic antidepressants
Others
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Non-selective
MAOATooltip Monoamine oxidase A-selective
MAOBTooltip Monoamine oxidase B-selective
Adjunctive therapies
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Adrenergic receptor modulators
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