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{{Short description|Binary star system in the constellation Lynx}} {{Short description|Binary star system in the constellation Lynx}}
{{other uses}}
{{Starbox begin {{Starbox begin
| name = XO-2 | name = XO-2
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{{Starbox astrometry {{Starbox astrometry
| component1 = XO-2S | component1 = XO-2S
| radial_v = | radial_v = {{val|46.94|0.27}}<ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2S"/>
| prop_mo_ra = {{val|−29.308|(15)}} | prop_mo_ra = {{val|−29.308|(15)}}
| prop_mo_dec = {{val|−154.233|(13)}} | prop_mo_dec = {{val|−154.233|(13)}}
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| absmag_v = 5.74<ref name=benavides2010/> | absmag_v = 5.74<ref name=benavides2010/>
| component2 = XO-2N | component2 = XO-2N
| radial_v2 = | radial_v2 = {{val|47.45|0.44}}<ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2N"/>
| prop_mo_ra2 = {{val|−29.552|(15)}} | prop_mo_ra2 = {{val|−29.552|(15)}}
| prop_mo_dec2 = {{val|−154.227|(11)}} | prop_mo_dec2 = {{val|−154.227|(11)}}
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}} }}
{{Starbox detail {{Starbox detail
| source = <ref name="Damasso et al"/>
| component1 = XO-2S | component1 = XO-2S
| mass = 0.982 ± 0.034<ref name="Desidera2014" /> | mass = {{val|0.98|0.05}}
| radius = 1.02<ref name="Desidera2014" /> | radius = {{val|1.02|0.09|0.06}}
| gravity = | gravity = {{val|4.420|0.094}}
| luminosity = | luminosity = {{val|0.79|0.14}}
| temperature = 5399 ± 55 <ref name="Desidera2014" /> | temperature = {{val|5325|37|fmt=commas}}
| metal_fe = 0.39 ± 0.05<ref name="Desidera2014" /> | metal_fe = {{val|0.32|0.08}}
| rotation = | rotation = {{val|26.0|0.6|ul=d}}
| rotational_velocity = {{val|1.5|0.3}}
| age_gyr = 7.1 ± {{±|2.5|2.9}}<ref name="Desidera2014" />
| age_gyr = {{val|7.1|2.5|2.9}}
| component2 = XO-2N | component2 = XO-2N
| mass2 = {{val|0.96|0.05}}
| class2 = K0V
| radius2 = {{val|0.998|0.033|0.032}}
| mass2 = 0.971 ± 0.034<ref name="Fernandez2009" />
| radius2 = 0.976{{±|0.024|0.016}}<ref name="Fernandez2009" /> | gravity2 = {{val|4.43|0.10}}
⚫ | luminosity2 = {{val|0.70|0.04}}
| gravity2 =
| temperature2 = {{val|5290|18|fmt=commas}}
⚫ | luminosity2 =
| metal_fe2 = {{val|0.37|0.07}}
| temperature2 = 5340 ± 32<ref name="Burke2007" />
| rotation2 = {{val|41.6|1.1|ul=d}}
| metal_fe2 = 0.44 ± 0.02<ref name="Burke2007" />
| rotational_velocity2 = {{val|1.07|0.09}}
| rotation2 =
| age_gyr2 = 6.3 ± 2.4<ref name="Fernandez2009" /> | age_gyr2 = {{val|7.8|1.2|1.3}}
}} }}
{{Starbox catalog {{Starbox catalog
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| names1 = {{odlist | 2MASS=J07480748+5013032 | GSC=03413-00210 | LSPM=J0748+5013S | TYC=3413-210-1 }}<ref name="Simbad XO-2S"/> | names1 = {{odlist | 2MASS=J07480748+5013032 | GSC=03413-00210 | LSPM=J0748+5013S | TYC=3413-210-1 }}<ref name="Simbad XO-2S"/>
| component2 = XO-2N | component2 = XO-2N
| names2 = {{odlist | 2MASS=J07480647+5013328 | GSC=03413-00005 | LSPM=J0748+5013N | TYC=3413-5-1 }}<ref name="Simbad XO-2N"/> | names2 = {{odlist | 2MASS=J07480647+5013328 | BD=+50 1471 | GSC=03413-00005 | LSPM=J0748+5013N | TIC=356473034 | TOI=1720 | TYC=3413-5-1 }}<ref name="Simbad XO-2N"/>
}} }}
{{Starbox reference {{Starbox reference
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{{Starbox end}} {{Starbox end}}


'''XO-2''' is a ]. It consists of two components: '''XO-2S''' (also known as '''XO-2A''') and '''XO-2N''' (also known as '''XO-2B'''), both of which has two known exoplanets.<ref name="Desidera2014" /> '''XO-2''' is a ] system about {{convert|490|ly|pc|lk=on|abbr=off}} away in the constellation ]. It consists of two components, '''XO-2N''' and '''XO-2S''', both of which host ]s.<ref name="Desidera2014" />


==Star system== ==Star system==
This system is located approximately 490 ] away from ] in the ]. Both of these stars are slightly cooler than the Sun and are nearly identical to each other. The system has a ] of 11 and cannot be seen with the naked eye but is visible through a small ]. These stars are also notable for their large ]s.<ref name="Simbad XO-2S"/><ref name="Simbad XO-2N"/> This system is unusual in that the stars are not typically referred to as components A & B, but are designated based on their positions in the sky: XO-2N is the northern star and XO-2S is the southern star.
Both of the stars are slightly cooler than the Sun and are nearly identical to each other. The system has a ] of 11 and cannot be seen with the naked eye but is visible through a small ]. These stars are also notable for their large ]s.<ref name="Simbad XO-2S"/><ref name="Simbad XO-2N"/>


XO-2N and XO-2S have a separation of approximately {{formatnum:4600}} ].<ref name="Burke2007" /> XO-2N and XO-2S have a separation of approximately {{formatnum:4600}} ].<ref name="Burke2007" />


==Planetary systems== ==Planetary systems==
There are two known ] orbiting XO-2N. ] (or rarely XO-2Bb), which is classified as a ], was discovered by the ] using the ] orbiting XO-2N (XO-2B) in 2007<ref name="Burke2007" /> and XO-2Nc was discovered in 2015 using the ].<ref name ="Damasso et al"/><ref name="Simbad XO-2c"/> There is one confirmed ] orbiting XO-2N. ], which is classified as a ], was discovered by the ] using the ] around XO-2N in 2007. It was initially the only known planet in the system and was referred to as XO-2b.<ref name="Burke2007" /> A long-period variation in the ] of XO-2N was detected in 2015, which could be explained by either a second planet or a stellar activity cycle. The stellar activity explanation is considered more likely,<ref name="Damasso et al"/> and is further supported by a 2024 study.<ref name="Ruggieri2024"/>

⚫ Two planets were reported to orbit around XO-2S in 2014 using radial velocity method. One of them is Jupiter-mass and another has a mass comparable to Saturn.<ref name="Desidera2014" />


⚫ Two planets were reported to orbit around XO-2S in 2014 using the ]. One of them is Jupiter-mass and another has a mass comparable to Saturn.<ref name="Desidera2014" /> A 2024 study found evidence for a third, ] mass planet around XO-2S.<ref name="Ruggieri2024"/>
Both stars also show RV-trends, which may indicate the presence of additional long-periodic jovians or brown dwarfs around each of them.


{{OrbitboxPlanet begin {{OrbitboxPlanet begin
| name = XO-2S | name = XO-2N
| table_ref = <ref name="Desidera2014" /> | table_ref = <ref name="Damasso et al"/>
}} }}
{{OrbitboxPlanet {{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = ] | exoplanet = ]
| mass = ≥ 0.259 ± 0.014 | mass = {{val|0.597|0.021}}
| period = 18.157 ± 0.034 | radius = {{val|1.019|0.031}}
| period = {{val|2.61585922|(28)}}
⚫ | semimajor = 0.1344 ±0.0025
| semimajor = {{val|0.03673|(64)}}
| eccentricity = 0.18 ± 0.035 | eccentricity = <0.006
⚫ }}
⚫ | inclination = {{val|87.96|0.42|0.34}}
⚫ {{OrbitboxPlanet
⚫ | exoplanet = ]
| mass = ≥ 1.37 ± 0.053
| period = 120.8 ± 0.034
⚫ | semimajor = 0.4756 ±0.0087
⚫ | eccentricity =0.1528 ± 0.01
}} }}
{{Orbitbox end}} {{Orbitbox end}}


{{OrbitboxPlanet begin {{OrbitboxPlanet begin
| name = XO-2N | name = XO-2S
| table_ref = <ref name="Narita2011" /><ref name="Sing2011" /> | table_ref = <ref name="Ruggieri2024"/>
}} }}
{{OrbitboxPlanet {{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = ] | exoplanet = b
| mass = 0.62 ± 0.02 | mass = {{val|0.26|0.01|p=≥}}
| radius = 0.973 ± 0.03 | period = {{val|18.220|0.001}}
⚫ | semimajor = {{val|0.1347|0.0025}}
| period = 2.61586178 ± 0.00000075
| semimajor = 0.0369 ±0.002 | eccentricity = {{val|0.15|0.02}}
⚫ | eccentricity = 0.045 ± 0.024
⚫ | inclination = 88.7 ± 1.3
}} }}
{{OrbitboxPlanet {{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = ] | exoplanet = c
| mass = 1.8 | mass = {{val|1.38|0.05|p=≥}}
| period = >6200 | period = {{val|120.059|0.013}}
| semimajor = {{val|0.4737|0.0085|0.0088}}
⚫ | eccentricity = {{val|0.149|0.006}}
⚫ }}
⚫ {{OrbitboxPlanet
⚫ | exoplanet = d
| mass = {{val|3.71|1.2|0.51|p=≥}}
| period = {{val|4696|1133|489|fmt=commas}}
| semimajor = {{val|5.46|0.85|0.40}}
⚫ | eccentricity = {{val|0.091|0.028|0.018}}
}} }}
{{Orbitbox end}} {{Orbitbox end}}
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==See also== ==See also==
* ] and ] * ] and ]
* ] * ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|refs= {{Reflist|refs=

⚫ <ref name=benavides2010>{{cite journal |bibcode=2010JDSO....6...30B |title=New Wide Common Proper Motion Binaries |author1=Benavides, Rafael |author2=Francisco Rica |author3=Esteban Reina |author4=Julio Castellanos |author5=Ramón Naves |author6=Luis Lahuerta |author7=Salvador Lahuerta |journal=Journal of Double Star Observations |year=2010 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=30 }}</ref>

⚫ <ref name="Burke2007">{{cite journal | title=XO-2b: Transiting Hot Jupiter in a Metal-rich Common Proper Motion Binary | last1=Burke | first1=Christopher J. | last2=McCullough | first2=P. R. | last3=Valenti | first3=Jeff A. | last4=Johns-krull | first4=Christopher M. | last5=Janes | first5=Kenneth A. | last6=Heasley | first6=J. N. | last7=Summers | first7=F. J. | last8=Stys | first8=J. E. | last9=Bissinger | first9=R. | last10=Fleenor | first10=Michael L. | last11=Foote | first11=Cindy N. | last12=Garcia-Melendo | first12=Enrique | last13=Gary | first13=Bruce L. | last14=Howell | first14=P. J. | last15=Mallia | first15=F. | last16=Masi | first16=G. | last17=Taylor | first17=B. | last18=Vanmunster | first18=T. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=671 | issue=2 | pages=2115–2128 | year=2007 | arxiv=0705.0003 | bibcode=2007ApJ...671.2115B | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1086/523087 | doi-access=free | s2cid=13468914 }}</ref>

⚫ <ref name="Desidera2014">{{cite journal | title=The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. IV. A planetary system around XO-2S | last1=Desidera | first1=S. | last2=Bonomo | first2=A. S. | last3=Claudi | first3=R. U. | last4=Damasso | first4=M. | last5=Biazzo | first5=K. | last6=Sozzetti | first6=A. | last7=Marzari | first7=F. | last8=Benatti | first8=S. | last9=Gandolfi | first9=D. | last10=Gratton | first10=R. | last11=Lanza | first11=A. F. | last12=Nascimbeni | first12=V. | last13=Andreuzzi | first13=G. | last14=Affer | first14=L. | last15=Barbieri | first15=M. | last16=Bedin | first16=L. R. | last17=Bignamini | first17=A. | last18=Bonavita | first18=M. | last19=Borsa | first19=F. | last20=Calcidese | first20=P. | last21=Christille | first21=J. M. | last22=Cosentino | first22=R. | last23=Covino | first23=E. | last24=Esposito | first24=M. | last25=Giacobbe | first25=P. | last26=Harutyunyan | first26=A. | last27=Latham | first27=D. | last28=Lattanzi | first28=M. | last29=Leto | first29=G. | last30=Lodato | first30=G. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=567 | issue=6 | page=<!-- to prevent citation bot adding nonexistent page number--> | article-number=L6 | year=2014 | arxiv=1407.0251 | bibcode=2014A&A...567L...6D | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201424339 | doi-access=free | s2cid=118567085 }}</ref>

⚫ <ref name="Fernandez2009">{{cite journal | title=The Transit Light Curve Project. XII. Six Transits of the Exoplanet XO-2b | last1=Fernandez | first1=Jose M. | last2=Holman | first2=Matthew J. | last3=Winn | first3=Joshua N. | last4=Torres | first4=Guillermo | last5=Shporer | first5=Avi | last6=Mazeh | first6=Tsevi | last7=Esquerdo | first7=Gilbert A. | last8=Everett | first8=Mark E. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=137 | issue=6 | pages=4911–4916 | year=2009 | arxiv=0903.2687 | bibcode=2009AJ....137.4911F | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4911 | doi-access=free | s2cid=7113991 }}</ref>


<ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2S">{{cite DR3|934346740559239296}}</ref> <ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2S">{{cite DR3|934346740559239296}}</ref>
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<ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2N">{{cite DR3|934346809278715776}}</ref> <ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2N">{{cite DR3|934346809278715776}}</ref>


⚫ <ref name="Simbad XO-2S">{{cite simbad | title=TYC 3413-210-1 |access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref>
⚫ <ref name="Narita2011">{{cite journal | title=XO-2b: a Prograde Planet with a Negligible Eccentricity and an Additional Radial Velocity Variation | last1=Narita | first1=Norio | last2=Hirano | first2=Teruyuki | last3=Sato | first3=Bun’ei | last4=Harakawa | first4=Hiroki | last5=Fukui | first5=Akihiko | last6=Aoki | first6=Wako | last7=Tamura | first7=Motohide | display-authors=1 | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan | volume=63 | issue=6 | pages=L67–L71 | year=2011 | arxiv=1110.6136 | bibcode=2011PASJ...63L..67N | doi=10.1093/pasj/63.6.l67 | doi-access=free | s2cid=119269227 }}</ref>

⚫ <ref name="Simbad XO-2N">{{cite simbad | title=TYC 3413-5-1 |access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref>


<ref name="Roman1987">{{cite journal | title=Identification of a Constellation From a Position | last1=Roman | first1=Nancy G. | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | volume=99 | issue=617 | pages=695–699 | year=1987 | bibcode=1987PASP...99..695R | doi=10.1086/132034 | doi-access=free }} </ref> <ref name="Roman1987">{{cite journal | title=Identification of a Constellation From a Position | last1=Roman | first1=Nancy G. | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | volume=99 | issue=617 | pages=695–699 | year=1987 | bibcode=1987PASP...99..695R | doi=10.1086/132034 | doi-access=free }} </ref>


⚫ <ref name=benavides2010>{{cite journal |bibcode=2010JDSO....6...30B |title=New Wide Common Proper Motion Binaries |author1=Benavides, Rafael |author2=Francisco Rica |author3=Esteban Reina |author4=Julio Castellanos |author5=Ramón Naves |author6=Luis Lahuerta |author7=Salvador Lahuerta |journal=Journal of Double Star Observations |year=2010 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=30 }}</ref>
⚫ <ref name="Simbad XO-2S">{{cite simbad | title=TYC 3413-210-1 |access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref>


⚫ <ref name="Burke2007">{{cite journal | title=XO-2b: Transiting Hot Jupiter in a Metal-rich Common Proper Motion Binary | last1=Burke | first1=Christopher J. | last2=McCullough | first2=P. R. | last3=Valenti | first3=Jeff A. | last4=Johns-krull | first4=Christopher M. | last5=Janes | first5=Kenneth A. | last6=Heasley | first6=J. N. | last7=Summers | first7=F. J. | last8=Stys | first8=J. E. | last9=Bissinger | first9=R. | last10=Fleenor | first10=Michael L. | last11=Foote | first11=Cindy N. | last12=Garcia-Melendo | first12=Enrique | last13=Gary | first13=Bruce L. | last14=Howell | first14=P. J. | last15=Mallia | first15=F. | last16=Masi | first16=G. | last17=Taylor | first17=B. | last18=Vanmunster | first18=T. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=671 | issue=2 | pages=2115–2128 | year=2007 | arxiv=0705.0003 | bibcode=2007ApJ...671.2115B | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1086/523087 | doi-access=free | s2cid=13468914 }}</ref>
⚫ <ref name="Simbad XO-2N">{{cite simbad | title=TYC 3413-5-1 |access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref>


⚫ <ref name="Desidera2014">{{cite journal | title=The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. IV. A planetary system around XO-2S | last1=Desidera | first1=S. | last2=Bonomo | first2=A. S. | last3=Claudi | first3=R. U. | last4=Damasso | first4=M. | last5=Biazzo | first5=K. | last6=Sozzetti | first6=A. | last7=Marzari | first7=F. | last8=Benatti | first8=S. | last9=Gandolfi | first9=D. | last10=Gratton | first10=R. | last11=Lanza | first11=A. F. | last12=Nascimbeni | first12=V. | last13=Andreuzzi | first13=G. | last14=Affer | first14=L. | last15=Barbieri | first15=M. | last16=Bedin | first16=L. R. | last17=Bignamini | first17=A. | last18=Bonavita | first18=M. | last19=Borsa | first19=F. | last20=Calcidese | first20=P. | last21=Christille | first21=J. M. | last22=Cosentino | first22=R. | last23=Covino | first23=E. | last24=Esposito | first24=M. | last25=Giacobbe | first25=P. | last26=Harutyunyan | first26=A. | last27=Latham | first27=D. | last28=Lattanzi | first28=M. | last29=Leto | first29=G. | last30=Lodato | first30=G. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=567 | issue=6 | page=<!-- to prevent citation bot adding nonexistent page number--> | article-number=L6 | year=2014 | arxiv=1407.0251 | bibcode=2014A&A...567L...6D | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201424339 | doi-access=free | s2cid=118567085 }}</ref>
<ref name="Simbad XO-2c">{{cite simbad | title=XO-2c |access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref>

⚫ <ref name="Sing2011">{{cite journal | title=Gran Telescopio Canarias OSIRIS transiting exoplanet atmospheric survey: detection of potassium in XO-2b from narrowband spectrophotometry | last1=Sing | first1=D. K. | last2=Désert | first2=J.-M. | last3=Fortney | first3=J. J. | last4=Lecavelier Des Etangs | first4=A. | last5=Ballester | first5=G. E. | last6=Cepa | first6=J. | last7=Ehrenreich | first7=D. | last8=López-Morales | first8=M. | last9=Pont | first9=F. | last10=Shabram | first10=M. | last11=Vidal-Madjar | first11=A. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=527 | page=<!-- to prevent citation bot adding nonexistent page number--> | article-number=A73 | year=2011 | arxiv=1008.4795 | bibcode=2011A&A...527A..73S | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201015579 | doi-access=free | s2cid=56545385 }}</ref>


<ref name="Damasso et al">{{cite journal | title=The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. V. A comprehensive analysis of the XO-2 stellar and planetary systems | last1=Damasso | first1=M. | last2=Biazzo | first2=K. | last3=Bonomo | first3=A. S. | last4=Desidera | first4=S. | last5=Lanza | first5=A. F. | last6=Nascimbeni | first6=V. | last7=Esposito | first7=M. | last8=Scandariato | first8=G. | last9=Sozzetti | first9=A. | last10=Cosentino | first10=R. | last11=Gratton | first11=R. | last12=Malavolta | first12=L. | last13=Rainer | first13=M. | last14=Gandolfi | first14=D. | last15=Poretti | first15=E. | last16=Zanmar Sanchez | first16=R. | last17=Ribas | first17=I. | last18=Santos | first18=N. | last19=Affer | first19=L. | last20=Andreuzzi | first20=G. | last21=Barbieri | first21=M. | last22=Bedin | first22=L. R. | last23=Benatti | first23=S. | last24=Bernagozzi | first24=A. | last25=Bertolini | first25=E. | last26=Bonavita | first26=M. | last27=Borsa | first27=F. | last28=Borsato | first28=L. | last29=Boschin | first29=W. | last30=Calcidese | first30=P. | last31=Carbognani | first31=A. | last32=Cenadelli | first32=D. | last33=Christille | first33=J. M. | last34=Claudi | first34=R. U. | last35=Covino | first35=E. | last36=Cunial | first36=A. | last37=Giacobbe | first37=P. | last38=Granata | first38=V. | last39=Harutyunyan | first39=A. | last40=Lattanzi | first40=M. G. | last41=Leto | first41=G. | last42=Libralato | first42=M. | last43=Lodato | first43=G. | last44=Lorenzi | first44=V. | last45=Mancini | first45=L. | last46=Martinez Fiorenzano | first46=A. F. | last47=Marzari | first47=F. | last48=Masiero | first48=S. | last49=Micela | first49=G. | last50=Molinari | first50=E. | last51=Molinaro | first51=M. | last52=Munari | first52=U. | last53=Murabito | first53=S. | last54=Pagano | first54=I. | last55=Pedani | first55=M. | last56=Piotto | first56=G. | last57=Rosenberg | first57=A. | last58=Silvotti | first58=R. | last59=Southworth | first59=J. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=575 | page=<!-- to prevent citation bot adding nonexistent page number--> | article-number=A111 | year=2015 | bibcode=2015A&A...575A.111D | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201425332 | arxiv=1501.01424 | doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="Damasso et al">{{cite journal | title=The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. V. A comprehensive analysis of the XO-2 stellar and planetary systems | last1=Damasso | first1=M. | last2=Biazzo | first2=K. | last3=Bonomo | first3=A. S. | last4=Desidera | first4=S. | last5=Lanza | first5=A. F. | last6=Nascimbeni | first6=V. | last7=Esposito | first7=M. | last8=Scandariato | first8=G. | last9=Sozzetti | first9=A. | last10=Cosentino | first10=R. | last11=Gratton | first11=R. | last12=Malavolta | first12=L. | last13=Rainer | first13=M. | last14=Gandolfi | first14=D. | last15=Poretti | first15=E. | last16=Zanmar Sanchez | first16=R. | last17=Ribas | first17=I. | last18=Santos | first18=N. | last19=Affer | first19=L. | last20=Andreuzzi | first20=G. | last21=Barbieri | first21=M. | last22=Bedin | first22=L. R. | last23=Benatti | first23=S. | last24=Bernagozzi | first24=A. | last25=Bertolini | first25=E. | last26=Bonavita | first26=M. | last27=Borsa | first27=F. | last28=Borsato | first28=L. | last29=Boschin | first29=W. | last30=Calcidese | first30=P. | last31=Carbognani | first31=A. | last32=Cenadelli | first32=D. | last33=Christille | first33=J. M. | last34=Claudi | first34=R. U. | last35=Covino | first35=E. | last36=Cunial | first36=A. | last37=Giacobbe | first37=P. | last38=Granata | first38=V. | last39=Harutyunyan | first39=A. | last40=Lattanzi | first40=M. G. | last41=Leto | first41=G. | last42=Libralato | first42=M. | last43=Lodato | first43=G. | last44=Lorenzi | first44=V. | last45=Mancini | first45=L. | last46=Martinez Fiorenzano | first46=A. F. | last47=Marzari | first47=F. | last48=Masiero | first48=S. | last49=Micela | first49=G. | last50=Molinari | first50=E. | last51=Molinaro | first51=M. | last52=Munari | first52=U. | last53=Murabito | first53=S. | last54=Pagano | first54=I. | last55=Pedani | first55=M. | last56=Piotto | first56=G. | last57=Rosenberg | first57=A. | last58=Silvotti | first58=R. | last59=Southworth | first59=J. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=575 | page=<!-- to prevent citation bot adding nonexistent page number--> | article-number=A111 | year=2015 | bibcode=2015A&A...575A.111D | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201425332 | arxiv=1501.01424 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Ruggieri2024">{{cite journal |last1=Ruggieri |first1=A. |last2=Desidera |first2=S. |display-authors=etal |date=April 2024 |title=The GAPS Programme at TNG. LIII. New insights on the peculiar XO-2 system |journal=] |volume=684 |issue= |pages=A116 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202348042 |arxiv=2401.17876 |bibcode=2024A&A...684A.116R}}</ref>


}} }}

==Further reading==
⚫ * {{cite journal | title=The Transit Light Curve Project. XII. Six Transits of the Exoplanet XO-2b | last1=Fernandez | first1=Jose M. | last2=Holman | first2=Matthew J. | last3=Winn | first3=Joshua N. | last4=Torres | first4=Guillermo | last5=Shporer | first5=Avi | last6=Mazeh | first6=Tsevi | last7=Esquerdo | first7=Gilbert A. | last8=Everett | first8=Mark E. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=137 | issue=6 | pages=4911–4916 | year=2009 | arxiv=0903.2687 | bibcode=2009AJ....137.4911F | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4911 | doi-access=free | s2cid=7113991 }}
⚫ * {{cite journal | title=XO-2b: a Prograde Planet with a Negligible Eccentricity and an Additional Radial Velocity Variation | last1=Narita | first1=Norio | last2=Hirano | first2=Teruyuki | last3=Sato | first3=Bun’ei | last4=Harakawa | first4=Hiroki | last5=Fukui | first5=Akihiko | last6=Aoki | first6=Wako | last7=Tamura | first7=Motohide | display-authors=1 | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan | volume=63 | issue=6 | pages=L67–L71 | year=2011 | arxiv=1110.6136 | bibcode=2011PASJ...63L..67N | doi=10.1093/pasj/63.6.l67 | doi-access=free | s2cid=119269227 }}
⚫ * {{cite journal | title=Gran Telescopio Canarias OSIRIS transiting exoplanet atmospheric survey: detection of potassium in XO-2b from narrowband spectrophotometry | last1=Sing | first1=D. K. | last2=Désert | first2=J.-M. | last3=Fortney | first3=J. J. | last4=Lecavelier Des Etangs | first4=A. | last5=Ballester | first5=G. E. | last6=Cepa | first6=J. | last7=Ehrenreich | first7=D. | last8=López-Morales | first8=M. | last9=Pont | first9=F. | last10=Shabram | first10=M. | last11=Vidal-Madjar | first11=A. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=527 | page=<!-- to prevent citation bot adding nonexistent page number--> | article-number=A73 | year=2011 | arxiv=1008.4795 | bibcode=2011A&A...527A..73S | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201015579 | doi-access=free | s2cid=56545385 }}


==External links== ==External links==
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Latest revision as of 16:55, 24 April 2024

Binary star system in the constellation Lynx For other uses, see XO-2 (disambiguation).
XO-2
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Lynx
XO-2S
Right ascension 07 48 07.4814
Declination +50° 13′ 03.2554″
Apparent magnitude (V) 11.12±0.03
XO-2N
Right ascension 07 48 06.4723
Declination +50° 13′ 32.9206″
Apparent magnitude (V) 11.18±0.03
Characteristics
Spectral type K0V + K0V
Astrometry
XO-2S
Radial velocity (Rv)46.94±0.27 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −29.308(15) mas/yr
Dec.: −154.233(13) mas/yr
Parallax (π)6.6721 ± 0.0151 mas
Distance489 ± 1 ly
(149.9 ± 0.3 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)5.74
XO-2N
Radial velocity (Rv)47.45±0.44 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −29.552(15) mas/yr
Dec.: −154.227(11) mas/yr
Parallax (π)6.6588 ± 0.0158 mas
Distance490 ± 1 ly
(150.2 ± 0.4 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)5.74
Details
XO-2S
Mass0.98±0.05 M☉
Radius1.02+0.09
−0.06 R☉
Luminosity0.79±0.14 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.420±0.094 cgs
Temperature5,325±37 K
Metallicity 0.32±0.08 dex
Rotation26.0±0.6 d
Rotational velocity (v sin i)1.5±0.3 km/s
Age7.1+2.5
−2.9 Gyr
XO-2N
Mass0.96±0.05 M☉
Radius0.998+0.033
−0.032 R☉
Luminosity0.70±0.04 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.43±0.10 cgs
Temperature5,290±18 K
Metallicity 0.37±0.07 dex
Rotation41.6±1.1 d
Rotational velocity (v sin i)1.07±0.09 km/s
Age7.8+1.2
−1.3 Gyr
Other designations
XO-2S: LSPM J0748+5013S, TYC 3413-210-1, GSC 03413-00210, 2MASS J07480748+5013032
XO-2N: BD+50 1471, LSPM J0748+5013N, TOI-1720, TIC 356473034, TYC 3413-5-1, GSC 03413-00005, 2MASS J07480647+5013328
Database references
SIMBADXO-2S
XO-2N

XO-2 is a binary star system about 490 light-years (150 parsecs) away in the constellation Lynx. It consists of two components, XO-2N and XO-2S, both of which host planetary systems.

Star system

This system is unusual in that the stars are not typically referred to as components A & B, but are designated based on their positions in the sky: XO-2N is the northern star and XO-2S is the southern star.

Both of the stars are slightly cooler than the Sun and are nearly identical to each other. The system has a magnitude of 11 and cannot be seen with the naked eye but is visible through a small telescope. These stars are also notable for their large proper motions.

XO-2N and XO-2S have a separation of approximately 4,600 AU.

Planetary systems

There is one confirmed exoplanet orbiting XO-2N. XO-2Nb, which is classified as a hot Jupiter, was discovered by the XO Telescope using the transit method around XO-2N in 2007. It was initially the only known planet in the system and was referred to as XO-2b. A long-period variation in the radial velocity of XO-2N was detected in 2015, which could be explained by either a second planet or a stellar activity cycle. The stellar activity explanation is considered more likely, and is further supported by a 2024 study.

Two planets were reported to orbit around XO-2S in 2014 using the radial velocity method. One of them is Jupiter-mass and another has a mass comparable to Saturn. A 2024 study found evidence for a third, super-Jupiter mass planet around XO-2S.

The XO-2N planetary system
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 0.597±0.021 MJ 0.03673(64) 2.61585922(28) <0.006 87.96+0.42
−0.34° 		1.019±0.031 RJ
The XO-2S planetary system
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b ≥0.26±0.01 MJ 0.1347±0.0025 18.220±0.001 0.15±0.02 — —
c ≥1.38±0.05 MJ 0.4737+0.0085
−0.0088 		120.059±0.013 0.149±0.006 — —
d ≥3.71+1.2
−0.51 MJ 		5.46+0.85
−0.40 		4,696+1,133
−489 		0.091+0.028
−0.018 		— —

See also

References

  1. Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation From a Position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695–699. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Vizier query form
  2. ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ^ Burke, Christopher J.; et al. (2007). "XO-2b: Transiting Hot Jupiter in a Metal-rich Common Proper Motion Binary". The Astrophysical Journal. 671 (2): 2115–2128. arXiv:0705.0003. Bibcode:2007ApJ...671.2115B. doi:10.1086/523087. S2CID 13468914.
  4. ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  5. ^ Benavides, Rafael; Francisco Rica; Esteban Reina; Julio Castellanos; Ramón Naves; Luis Lahuerta; Salvador Lahuerta (2010). "New Wide Common Proper Motion Binaries". Journal of Double Star Observations. 6 (1): 30. Bibcode:2010JDSO....6...30B.
  6. ^ Damasso, M.; et al. (2015). "The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. V. A comprehensive analysis of the XO-2 stellar and planetary systems". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 575 A111. arXiv:1501.01424. Bibcode:2015A&A...575A.111D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425332.
  7. ^ "TYC 3413-210-1". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  8. ^ "TYC 3413-5-1". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  9. ^ Desidera, S.; et al. (2014). "The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. IV. A planetary system around XO-2S". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 567 (6) L6. arXiv:1407.0251. Bibcode:2014A&A...567L...6D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424339. S2CID 118567085.
  10. ^ Ruggieri, A.; Desidera, S.; et al. (April 2024). "The GAPS Programme at TNG. LIII. New insights on the peculiar XO-2 system". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 684: A116. arXiv:2401.17876. Bibcode:2024A&A...684A.116R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348042.

Further reading

External links


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