| Revision as of 18:17, 28 January 2018 editMike s (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users21,550 edits update Other designations← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 16:55, 24 April 2024 edit undoRMCD bot (talk | contribs)Bots, Template editors997,383 edits Removing notice of move discussion | ||
| (45 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Short description|Binary star system in the constellation Lynx}} | |||
| {{other uses}} | |||
| {{Starbox begin | {{Starbox begin | ||
| | name = XO-2 | | name = XO-2 | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Starbox observe 2s | {{Starbox observe 2s | ||
| | epoch = |
| epoch = J2000 | ||
| | constell = ]<ref name="Roman1987"/> | | constell = ]<ref name="Roman1987"/> | ||
| | component1 = XO-2S | | component1 = XO-2S | ||
| | ra1 = {{RA|07|48|07.4814}}<ref name=" |
| ra1 = {{RA|07|48|07.4814}}<ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2S"/> | ||
| | dec1 = {{DEC|+50|13|03. |
| dec1 = {{DEC|+50|13|03.2554}}<ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2S"/> | ||
| | appmag_v1 = {{val|11.12|0.03}}<ref name="Burke2007"/> | | appmag_v1 = {{val|11.12|0.03}}<ref name="Burke2007"/> | ||
| | component2 = XO-2N | | component2 = XO-2N | ||
| | ra2 = {{RA|07|48|06. |
| ra2 = {{RA|07|48|06.4723}}<ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2N"/> | ||
| | dec2 = {{DEC|+50|13|32. |
| dec2 = {{DEC|+50|13|32.9206}}<ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2N"/> | ||
| | appmag_v2 = {{val|11.18|0.03}}<ref name="Burke2007"/> | | appmag_v2 = {{val|11.18|0.03}}<ref name="Burke2007"/> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| Line 18: | Line 20: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Starbox astrometry | {{Starbox astrometry | ||
| | component1 = XO-2S | |||
| | radial_v = | |||
| | |
| radial_v = {{val|46.94|0.27}}<ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2S"/> | ||
| | prop_mo_ra = {{val|−29.308|(15)}} | |||
| | prop_mo_dec = -153.6 ± 2.4<ref name="Høg2000" /> | |||
| | prop_mo_dec = {{val|−154.233|(13)}} | |||
| | parallax = 6.68 | |||
| | pm_footnote = <ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2S"/> | |||
| | p_error = 0.23 | |||
| | parallax = 6.6721 | |||
| | parallax_footnote = <ref name="Gaia2016"/> | |||
| | |
| p_error = 0.0151 | ||
| | parallax_footnote = <ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2S"/> | |||
| | absmag_v = 5.74<ref name=benavides2010/> | |||
| | component2 = XO-2N | |||
| | radial_v2 = {{val|47.45|0.44}}<ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2N"/> | |||
| | prop_mo_ra2 = {{val|−29.552|(15)}} | |||
| | prop_mo_dec2 = {{val|−154.227|(11)}} | |||
| | pm_footnote2 = <ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2N"/> | |||
| | parallax2 = 6.6588 | |||
| | p_error2 = 0.0158 | |||
| | parallax_footnote2 = <ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2N"/> | |||
| | absmag_v2 = 5.74<ref name=benavides2010/> | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Starbox detail | {{Starbox detail | ||
| | source = <ref name="Damasso et al"/> | |||
| | component1 = XO-2S | | component1 = XO-2S | ||
| | mass = 0. |
| mass = {{val|0.98|0.05}} | ||
| | radius = 1.02 |
| radius = {{val|1.02|0.09|0.06}} | ||
| | gravity = | | gravity = {{val|4.420|0.094}} | ||
| | luminosity = | | luminosity = {{val|0.79|0.14}} | ||
| | temperature = |
| temperature = {{val|5325|37|fmt=commas}} | ||
| | metal_fe = 0. |
| metal_fe = {{val|0.32|0.08}} | ||
| | rotation = | | rotation = {{val|26.0|0.6|ul=d}} | ||
| | rotational_velocity = {{val|1.5|0.3}} | |||
| | age_gyr = 7.1 ± {{±|2.5|2.9}}<ref name="Desidera2014" /> | |||
| | age_gyr = {{val|7.1|2.5|2.9}} | |||
| | component2 = XO-2N | | component2 = XO-2N | ||
| | mass2 = {{val|0.96|0.05}} | |||
| | class2 = K0V | |||
| | radius2 = {{val|0.998|0.033|0.032}} | |||
| | mass2 = 0.971 ± 0.034<ref name="Fernandez2009" /> | |||
| | |
| gravity2 = {{val|4.43|0.10}} | ||
| | luminosity2 = {{val|0.70|0.04}} | |||
| | gravity2 = | |||
| | temperature2 = {{val|5290|18|fmt=commas}} | |||
| | luminosity2 = | |||
| | metal_fe2 = {{val|0.37|0.07}} | |||
| | temperature2 = 5340 ± 32<ref name="Burke2007" /> | |||
| | rotation2 = {{val|41.6|1.1|ul=d}} | |||
| | metal_fe2 = 0.44 ± 0.02<ref name="Burke2007" /> | |||
| | rotational_velocity2 = {{val|1.07|0.09}} | |||
| | rotation2 = | |||
| | age_gyr2 = |
| age_gyr2 = {{val|7.8|1.2|1.3}} | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Starbox catalog | {{Starbox catalog | ||
| Line 51: | Line 66: | ||
| | names1 = {{odlist | 2MASS=J07480748+5013032 | GSC=03413-00210 | LSPM=J0748+5013S | TYC=3413-210-1 }}<ref name="Simbad XO-2S"/> | | names1 = {{odlist | 2MASS=J07480748+5013032 | GSC=03413-00210 | LSPM=J0748+5013S | TYC=3413-210-1 }}<ref name="Simbad XO-2S"/> | ||
| | component2 = XO-2N | | component2 = XO-2N | ||
| | names2 = {{odlist | 2MASS=J07480647+5013328 | GSC=03413-00005 | LSPM=J0748+5013N | TYC=3413-5-1 }}<ref name="Simbad XO-2N"/> | | names2 = {{odlist | 2MASS=J07480647+5013328 | BD=+50 1471 | GSC=03413-00005 | LSPM=J0748+5013N | TIC=356473034 | TOI=1720 | TYC=3413-5-1 }}<ref name="Simbad XO-2N"/> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Starbox reference | {{Starbox reference | ||
| Line 59: | Line 74: | ||
| {{Starbox end}} | {{Starbox end}} | ||
| '''XO-2''' |
'''XO-2''' is a ] system about {{convert|490|ly|pc|lk=on|abbr=off}} away in the constellation ]. It consists of two components, '''XO-2N''' and '''XO-2S''', both of which host ]s.<ref name="Desidera2014" /> | ||
| ==Star system== | |||
| This system is located approximately {{convert|150|pc|ly|disp=output number only}} ] away<ref name="Gaia2016"/> from ] in the ]. Both of these stars are slightly cooler than the Sun and are nearly identical to each other. The system has a ] of 11 and cannot be seen with the naked eye but is visible through a small ]. These stars are also notable for their large ]s.<ref name="Simbad XO-2S"/><ref name="Simbad XO-2N"/> | |||
| This system is unusual in that the stars are not typically referred to as components A & B, but are designated based on their positions in the sky: XO-2N is the northern star and XO-2S is the southern star. | |||
| Both of the stars are slightly cooler than the Sun and are nearly identical to each other. The system has a ] of 11 and cannot be seen with the naked eye but is visible through a small ]. These stars are also notable for their large ]s.<ref name="Simbad XO-2S"/><ref name="Simbad XO-2N"/> | |||
| XO-2N and XO-2S have a separation of approximately {{formatnum:4600}} ].<ref name="Burke2007" /> | XO-2N and XO-2S have a separation of approximately {{formatnum:4600}} ].<ref name="Burke2007" /> | ||
| ==Planetary systems== | ==Planetary systems== | ||
| There is one confirmed ] orbiting XO-2N. ], which is classified as a ], was discovered by the ] using the ] around XO-2N in 2007. It was initially the only known planet in the system and was referred to as XO-2b.<ref name="Burke2007" /> A long-period variation in the ] of XO-2N was detected in 2015, which could be explained by either a second planet or a stellar activity cycle. The stellar activity explanation is considered more likely,<ref name="Damasso et al"/> and is further supported by a 2024 study.<ref name="Ruggieri2024"/> | |||
| Two planets were reported to orbit around XO-2S in 2014 using radial velocity method. One of them is Jupiter-mass and another has a mass comparable to Saturn.<ref name="Desidera2014" /> | Two planets were reported to orbit around XO-2S in 2014 using the ]. One of them is Jupiter-mass and another has a mass comparable to Saturn.<ref name="Desidera2014" /> A 2024 study found evidence for a third, ] mass planet around XO-2S.<ref name="Ruggieri2024"/> | ||
| {{OrbitboxPlanet begin | |||
| Both stars also show RV-trends, which may indicate the presence of additional long-periodic jovians or brown dwarfs around each of them. | |||
| | name = XO-2N | |||
| | table_ref = <ref name="Damasso et al"/> | |||
| {{OrbitboxPlanet begin |name=XO-2S | |||
| | table_ref = <ref name="Desidera2014" /> | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{OrbitboxPlanet | {{OrbitboxPlanet | ||
| | exoplanet = ] | | exoplanet = ] | ||
| | mass = |
| mass = {{val|0.597|0.021}} | ||
| | |
| radius = {{val|1.019|0.031}} | ||
| | period = {{val|2.61585922|(28)}} | |||
| | semimajor = 0.1344 ±0.0025 | |||
| | semimajor = {{val|0.03673|(64)}} | |||
| | eccentricity = 0.18 ± 0.035 | |||
| | eccentricity = <0.006 | |||
| }} | |||
| | inclination = {{val|87.96|0.42|0.34}} | |||
| {{OrbitboxPlanet | |||
| | exoplanet = ] | |||
| | mass = ≥ 1.37 ± 0.053 | |||
| | period = 120.8 ± 0.034 | |||
| | semimajor = 0.4756 ±0.0087 | |||
| | eccentricity =0.1528 ± 0.01 | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Orbitbox end}} | {{Orbitbox end}} | ||
| {{OrbitboxPlanet begin |
{{OrbitboxPlanet begin | ||
| | name = XO-2S | |||
| | table_ref = <ref name=" |
| table_ref = <ref name="Ruggieri2024"/> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{OrbitboxPlanet | {{OrbitboxPlanet | ||
| | exoplanet = |
| exoplanet = b | ||
| | mass = 0. |
| mass = {{val|0.26|0.01|p=≥}} | ||
| | |
| period = {{val|18.220|0.001}} | ||
| | semimajor = {{val|0.1347|0.0025}} | |||
| | period = 2.61586178 ± 0.00000075 | |||
| | |
| eccentricity = {{val|0.15|0.02}} | ||
| }} | |||
| | eccentricity = 0.045 ± 0.024 | |||
| {{OrbitboxPlanet | |||
| | inclination = 88.7 ± 1.3 | |||
| | exoplanet = c | |||
| | mass = {{val|1.38|0.05|p=≥}} | |||
| | period = {{val|120.059|0.013}} | |||
| | semimajor = {{val|0.4737|0.0085|0.0088}} | |||
| | eccentricity = {{val|0.149|0.006}} | |||
| }} | |||
| {{OrbitboxPlanet | |||
| | exoplanet = d | |||
| | mass = {{val|3.71|1.2|0.51|p=≥}} | |||
| | period = {{val|4696|1133|489|fmt=commas}} | |||
| | semimajor = {{val|5.46|0.85|0.40}} | |||
| | eccentricity = {{val|0.091|0.028|0.018}} | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Orbitbox end}} | {{Orbitbox end}} | ||
| Line 107: | Line 132: | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * ] and ] | * ] and ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist|refs= | {{Reflist|refs= | ||
| <ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2S">{{cite DR3|934346740559239296}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Burke2007">{{cite journal | title=XO-2b: Transiting Hot Jupiter in a Metal-rich Common Proper Motion Binary | url=http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/523087/fulltext/ | last1=Burke | first1=Christopher J. | last2=McCullough | first2=P. R. | last3=Valenti | first3=Jeff A. | last4=Johns‐krull | first4=Christopher M. | last5=Janes | first5=Kenneth A. | last6=Heasley | first6=J. N. | last7=Summers | first7=F. J. | last8=Stys | first8=J. E. | last9=Bissinger | first9=R. | last10=Fleenor | first10=Michael L. | last11=Foote | first11=Cindy N. | last12=Garcia‐Melendo | first12=Enrique | last13=Gary | first13=Bruce L. | last14=Howell | first14=P. J. | last15=Mallia | first15=F. | last16=Masi | first16=G. | last17=Taylor | first17=B. | last18=Vanmunster | first18=T. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=671 | issue=2 | pages=2115–2128 | year=2007 | arxiv=0705.0003 | bibcode=2007ApJ...671.2115B | doi=10.1086/523087 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Gaia DR3 XO-2N">{{cite DR3|934346809278715776}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Desidera2014">{{cite journal | title=The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. IV. A planetary system around XO-2S | url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2014/07/aa24339-14/aa24339-14.html | last1=Desidera | first1=S. | last2=Bonomo | first2=A. S. | last3=Claudi | first3=R. U. | last4=Damasso | first4=M. | last5=Biazzo | first5=K. | last6=Sozzetti | first6=A. | last7=Marzari | first7=F. | last8=Benatti | first8=S. | last9=Gandolfi | first9=D. | last10=Gratton | first10=R. | last11=Lanza | first11=A. F. | last12=Nascimbeni | first12=V. | last13=Andreuzzi | first13=G. | last14=Affer | first14=L. | last15=Barbieri | first15=M. | last16=Bedin | first16=L. R. | last17=Bignamini | first17=A. | last18=Bonavita | first18=M. | last19=Borsa | first19=F. | last20=Calcidese | first20=P. | last21=Christille | first21=J. M. | last22=Cosentino | first22=R. | last23=Covino | first23=E. | last24=Esposito | first24=M. | last25=Giacobbe | first25=P. | last26=Harutyunyan | first26=A. | last27=Latham | first27=D. | last28=Lattanzi | first28=M. | last29=Leto | first29=G. | last30=Lodato | first30=G. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=567 | issue=6 | at=L6 | year=2014 | arxiv=1407.0251 | bibcode=2014A&A...567L...6D | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201424339 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Simbad XO-2S">{{cite simbad | title=TYC 3413-210-1 |access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Fernandez2009">{{cite journal | title=The Transit Light Curve Project. XII. Six Transits of the Exoplanet XO-2b | url=http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4911 | last1=Fernandez | first1=Jose M. | last2=Holman | first2=Matthew J. | last3=Winn | first3=Joshua N. | last4=Torres | first4=Guillermo | last5=Shporer | first5=Avi | last6=Mazeh | first6=Tsevi | last7=Esquerdo | first7=Gilbert A. | last8=Everett | first8=Mark E. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=137 | issue=6 | pages=4911–4916 | year=2009 | arxiv=0903.2687 | bibcode=2009AJ....137.4911F | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4911 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Simbad XO-2N">{{cite simbad | title=TYC 3413-5-1 |access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Gaia2016">{{cite journal | title=Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties | url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2016/11/aa29512-16/aa29512-16.html | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=595 | at=A2 | year=2016 | last1=Brown | first1=A. G. A | last2=Vallenari | first2=A | last3=Prusti | first3=T | last4=De Bruijne | first4=J. H.J | last5=Mignard | first5=F | last6=Drimmel | first6=R | last7=Babusiaux | first7=C | last8=Bailer-Jones | first8=C. A.L | last9=Bastian | first9=U | last10=Biermann | first10=M | last11=Evans | first11=D. W | last12=Eyer | first12=L | last13=Jansen | first13=F | last14=Jordi | first14=C | last15=Katz | first15=D | last16=Klioner | first16=S. A | last17=Lammers | first17=U | last18=Lindegren | first18=L | last19=Luri | first19=X | last20=o'Mullane | first20=W | last21=Panem | first21=C | last22=Pourbaix | first22=D | last23=Randich | first23=S | last24=Sartoretti | first24=P | last25=Siddiqui | first25=H. I | last26=Soubiran | first26=C | last27=Valette | first27=V | last28=Van Leeuwen | first28=F | last29=Walton | first29=N. A | last30=Aerts | first30=C | display-authors=1 | arxiv=1609.04172 | bibcode=2016A&A...595A...2G | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201629512 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name=" |
<ref name="Roman1987">{{cite journal | title=Identification of a Constellation From a Position | last1=Roman | first1=Nancy G. | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | volume=99 | issue=617 | pages=695–699 | year=1987 | bibcode=1987PASP...99..695R | doi=10.1086/132034 | doi-access=free }} </ref> | ||
| <ref name=benavides2010>{{cite journal |bibcode=2010JDSO....6...30B |title=New Wide Common Proper Motion Binaries |author1=Benavides, Rafael |author2=Francisco Rica |author3=Esteban Reina |author4=Julio Castellanos |author5=Ramón Naves |author6=Luis Lahuerta |author7=Salvador Lahuerta |journal=Journal of Double Star Observations |year=2010 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=30 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Narita2011">{{cite journal | title=XO-2b: a Prograde Planet with a Negligible Eccentricity and an Additional Radial Velocity Variation | url=https://academic.oup.com/pasj/article/63/6/L67/1455472 | last1=Narita | first1=Norio | last2=Hirano | first2=Teruyuki | last3=Sato | first3=Bun’ei | last4=Harakawa | first4=Hiroki | last5=Fukui | first5=Akihiko | last6=Aoki | first6=Wako | last7=Tamura | first7=Motohide | display-authors=1 | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan | volume=63 | issue=6 | pages=L67–L71 | year=2011 | arxiv=1110.6136 | bibcode=2011PASJ...63L..67N | doi=10.1093/pasj/63.6.l67}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Burke2007">{{cite journal | title=XO-2b: Transiting Hot Jupiter in a Metal-rich Common Proper Motion Binary | last1=Burke | first1=Christopher J. | last2=McCullough | first2=P. R. | last3=Valenti | first3=Jeff A. | last4=Johns-krull | first4=Christopher M. | last5=Janes | first5=Kenneth A. | last6=Heasley | first6=J. N. | last7=Summers | first7=F. J. | last8=Stys | first8=J. E. | last9=Bissinger | first9=R. | last10=Fleenor | first10=Michael L. | last11=Foote | first11=Cindy N. | last12=Garcia-Melendo | first12=Enrique | last13=Gary | first13=Bruce L. | last14=Howell | first14=P. J. | last15=Mallia | first15=F. | last16=Masi | first16=G. | last17=Taylor | first17=B. | last18=Vanmunster | first18=T. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=671 | issue=2 | pages=2115–2128 | year=2007 | arxiv=0705.0003 | bibcode=2007ApJ...671.2115B | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1086/523087 | doi-access=free | s2cid=13468914 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Roman1987">{{cite journal | title=Identification of a Constellation From a Position | url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1987PASP...99..695R | last1=Roman | first1=Nancy G. | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | volume=99 | issue=617 | pages=695–699 | year=1987 | bibcode=1987PASP...99..695R | doi=10.1086/132034 }} </ref> | |||
| <ref name="Desidera2014">{{cite journal | title=The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. IV. A planetary system around XO-2S | last1=Desidera | first1=S. | last2=Bonomo | first2=A. S. | last3=Claudi | first3=R. U. | last4=Damasso | first4=M. | last5=Biazzo | first5=K. | last6=Sozzetti | first6=A. | last7=Marzari | first7=F. | last8=Benatti | first8=S. | last9=Gandolfi | first9=D. | last10=Gratton | first10=R. | last11=Lanza | first11=A. F. | last12=Nascimbeni | first12=V. | last13=Andreuzzi | first13=G. | last14=Affer | first14=L. | last15=Barbieri | first15=M. | last16=Bedin | first16=L. R. | last17=Bignamini | first17=A. | last18=Bonavita | first18=M. | last19=Borsa | first19=F. | last20=Calcidese | first20=P. | last21=Christille | first21=J. M. | last22=Cosentino | first22=R. | last23=Covino | first23=E. | last24=Esposito | first24=M. | last25=Giacobbe | first25=P. | last26=Harutyunyan | first26=A. | last27=Latham | first27=D. | last28=Lattanzi | first28=M. | last29=Leto | first29=G. | last30=Lodato | first30=G. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=567 | issue=6 | page=<!-- to prevent citation bot adding nonexistent page number--> | article-number=L6 | year=2014 | arxiv=1407.0251 | bibcode=2014A&A...567L...6D | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201424339 | doi-access=free | s2cid=118567085 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Simbad XO-2S">{{cite simbad | title=TYC 3413-210-1 |accessdate=2018-01-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Damasso et al">{{cite journal | title=The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. V. A comprehensive analysis of the XO-2 stellar and planetary systems | last1=Damasso | first1=M. | last2=Biazzo | first2=K. | last3=Bonomo | first3=A. S. | last4=Desidera | first4=S. | last5=Lanza | first5=A. F. | last6=Nascimbeni | first6=V. | last7=Esposito | first7=M. | last8=Scandariato | first8=G. | last9=Sozzetti | first9=A. | last10=Cosentino | first10=R. | last11=Gratton | first11=R. | last12=Malavolta | first12=L. | last13=Rainer | first13=M. | last14=Gandolfi | first14=D. | last15=Poretti | first15=E. | last16=Zanmar Sanchez | first16=R. | last17=Ribas | first17=I. | last18=Santos | first18=N. | last19=Affer | first19=L. | last20=Andreuzzi | first20=G. | last21=Barbieri | first21=M. | last22=Bedin | first22=L. R. | last23=Benatti | first23=S. | last24=Bernagozzi | first24=A. | last25=Bertolini | first25=E. | last26=Bonavita | first26=M. | last27=Borsa | first27=F. | last28=Borsato | first28=L. | last29=Boschin | first29=W. | last30=Calcidese | first30=P. | last31=Carbognani | first31=A. | last32=Cenadelli | first32=D. | last33=Christille | first33=J. M. | last34=Claudi | first34=R. U. | last35=Covino | first35=E. | last36=Cunial | first36=A. | last37=Giacobbe | first37=P. | last38=Granata | first38=V. | last39=Harutyunyan | first39=A. | last40=Lattanzi | first40=M. G. | last41=Leto | first41=G. | last42=Libralato | first42=M. | last43=Lodato | first43=G. | last44=Lorenzi | first44=V. | last45=Mancini | first45=L. | last46=Martinez Fiorenzano | first46=A. F. | last47=Marzari | first47=F. | last48=Masiero | first48=S. | last49=Micela | first49=G. | last50=Molinari | first50=E. | last51=Molinaro | first51=M. | last52=Munari | first52=U. | last53=Murabito | first53=S. | last54=Pagano | first54=I. | last55=Pedani | first55=M. | last56=Piotto | first56=G. | last57=Rosenberg | first57=A. | last58=Silvotti | first58=R. | last59=Southworth | first59=J. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=575 | page=<!-- to prevent citation bot adding nonexistent page number--> | article-number=A111 | year=2015 | bibcode=2015A&A...575A.111D | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201425332 | arxiv=1501.01424 | doi-access=free }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Simbad XO-2N">{{cite simbad | title=TYC 3413-5-1 |accessdate=2018-01-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Ruggieri2024">{{cite journal |last1=Ruggieri |first1=A. |last2=Desidera |first2=S. |display-authors=etal |date=April 2024 |title=The GAPS Programme at TNG. LIII. New insights on the peculiar XO-2 system |journal=] |volume=684 |issue= |pages=A116 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202348042 |arxiv=2401.17876 |bibcode=2024A&A...684A.116R}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Sing2011">{{cite journal | title=Gran Telescopio Canarias OSIRIS transiting exoplanet atmospheric survey: detection of potassium in XO-2b from narrowband spectrophotometry | url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2011/03/aa15579-10/aa15579-10.html | last1=Sing | first1=D. K. | last2=Désert | first2=J.-M. | last3=Fortney | first3=J. J. | last4=Lecavelier Des Etangs | first4=A. | last5=Ballester | first5=G. E. | last6=Cepa | first6=J. | last7=Ehrenreich | first7=D. | last8=López-Morales | first8=M. | last9=Pont | first9=F. | last10=Shabram | first10=M. | last11=Vidal-Madjar | first11=A. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=527 | at=A73 | year=2011 | arxiv=1008.4795 | bibcode=2011A&A...527A..73S | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201015579 }}</ref> | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| * {{cite journal | title=The Transit Light Curve Project. XII. Six Transits of the Exoplanet XO-2b | last1=Fernandez | first1=Jose M. | last2=Holman | first2=Matthew J. | last3=Winn | first3=Joshua N. | last4=Torres | first4=Guillermo | last5=Shporer | first5=Avi | last6=Mazeh | first6=Tsevi | last7=Esquerdo | first7=Gilbert A. | last8=Everett | first8=Mark E. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=137 | issue=6 | pages=4911–4916 | year=2009 | arxiv=0903.2687 | bibcode=2009AJ....137.4911F | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4911 | doi-access=free | s2cid=7113991 }} | |||
| * {{cite journal | title=XO-2b: a Prograde Planet with a Negligible Eccentricity and an Additional Radial Velocity Variation | last1=Narita | first1=Norio | last2=Hirano | first2=Teruyuki | last3=Sato | first3=Bun’ei | last4=Harakawa | first4=Hiroki | last5=Fukui | first5=Akihiko | last6=Aoki | first6=Wako | last7=Tamura | first7=Motohide | display-authors=1 | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan | volume=63 | issue=6 | pages=L67–L71 | year=2011 | arxiv=1110.6136 | bibcode=2011PASJ...63L..67N | doi=10.1093/pasj/63.6.l67 | doi-access=free | s2cid=119269227 }} | |||
| * {{cite journal | title=Gran Telescopio Canarias OSIRIS transiting exoplanet atmospheric survey: detection of potassium in XO-2b from narrowband spectrophotometry | last1=Sing | first1=D. K. | last2=Désert | first2=J.-M. | last3=Fortney | first3=J. J. | last4=Lecavelier Des Etangs | first4=A. | last5=Ballester | first5=G. E. | last6=Cepa | first6=J. | last7=Ehrenreich | first7=D. | last8=López-Morales | first8=M. | last9=Pont | first9=F. | last10=Shabram | first10=M. | last11=Vidal-Madjar | first11=A. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=527 | page=<!-- to prevent citation bot adding nonexistent page number--> | article-number=A73 | year=2011 | arxiv=1008.4795 | bibcode=2011A&A...527A..73S | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201015579 | doi-access=free | s2cid=56545385 }} | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| Line 141: | Line 171: | ||
| | title=XO-2 | | title=XO-2 | ||
| | work=Exoplanets | | work=Exoplanets | ||
| | |
| access-date=2009-04-28 | ||
| | archive-date=2016-03-03 | |||
| | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190408/http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/base/etoile.php?nom=XO-2 | |||
| | url-status=dead | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Sky|07|48|06.468|+|50|13|32.96|486}} | {{Sky|07|48|06.468|+|50|13|32.96|486}} | ||
| Line 147: | Line 181: | ||
| {{Stars of Lynx}} | {{Stars of Lynx}} | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:XO-2 (star)}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| {{main-star-stub}} | |||
Latest revision as of 16:55, 24 April 2024
Binary star system in the constellation Lynx For other uses, see XO-2 (disambiguation).| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Lynx |
| XO-2S | |
| Right ascension | 07 48 07.4814 |
| Declination | +50° 13′ 03.2554″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.12±0.03 |
| XO-2N | |
| Right ascension | 07 48 06.4723 |
| Declination | +50° 13′ 32.9206″ |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.18±0.03 |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | K0V + K0V |
| Astrometry | |
| XO-2S | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | 46.94±0.27 km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −29.308(15) mas/yr Dec.: −154.233(13) mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 6.6721 ± 0.0151 mas |
| Distance | 489 ± 1 ly (149.9 ± 0.3 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 5.74 |
| XO-2N | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | 47.45±0.44 km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −29.552(15) mas/yr Dec.: −154.227(11) mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 6.6588 ± 0.0158 mas |
| Distance | 490 ± 1 ly (150.2 ± 0.4 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 5.74 |
| Details | |
| XO-2S | |
| Mass | 0.98±0.05 M☉ |
| Radius | 1.02+0.09 −0.06 R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.79±0.14 L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.420±0.094 cgs |
| Temperature | 5,325±37 K |
| Metallicity | 0.32±0.08 dex |
| Rotation | 26.0±0.6 d |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 1.5±0.3 km/s |
| Age | 7.1+2.5 −2.9 Gyr |
| XO-2N | |
| Mass | 0.96±0.05 M☉ |
| Radius | 0.998+0.033 −0.032 R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.70±0.04 L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.43±0.10 cgs |
| Temperature | 5,290±18 K |
| Metallicity | 0.37±0.07 dex |
| Rotation | 41.6±1.1 d |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 1.07±0.09 km/s |
| Age | 7.8+1.2 −1.3 Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| XO-2S: LSPM J0748+5013S, TYC 3413-210-1, GSC 03413-00210, 2MASS J07480748+5013032 | |
| XO-2N: BD+50 1471, LSPM J0748+5013N, TOI-1720, TIC 356473034, TYC 3413-5-1, GSC 03413-00005, 2MASS J07480647+5013328 | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | XO-2S |
| XO-2N | |
XO-2 is a binary star system about 490 light-years (150 parsecs) away in the constellation Lynx. It consists of two components, XO-2N and XO-2S, both of which host planetary systems.
Star system
This system is unusual in that the stars are not typically referred to as components A & B, but are designated based on their positions in the sky: XO-2N is the northern star and XO-2S is the southern star.
Both of the stars are slightly cooler than the Sun and are nearly identical to each other. The system has a magnitude of 11 and cannot be seen with the naked eye but is visible through a small telescope. These stars are also notable for their large proper motions.
XO-2N and XO-2S have a separation of approximately 4,600 AU.
Planetary systems
There is one confirmed exoplanet orbiting XO-2N. XO-2Nb, which is classified as a hot Jupiter, was discovered by the XO Telescope using the transit method around XO-2N in 2007. It was initially the only known planet in the system and was referred to as XO-2b. A long-period variation in the radial velocity of XO-2N was detected in 2015, which could be explained by either a second planet or a stellar activity cycle. The stellar activity explanation is considered more likely, and is further supported by a 2024 study.
Two planets were reported to orbit around XO-2S in 2014 using the radial velocity method. One of them is Jupiter-mass and another has a mass comparable to Saturn. A 2024 study found evidence for a third, super-Jupiter mass planet around XO-2S.
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 0.597±0.021 MJ | 0.03673(64) | 2.61585922(28) | <0.006 | 87.96+0.42 −0.34° |
1.019±0.031 RJ |
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | ≥0.26±0.01 MJ | 0.1347±0.0025 | 18.220±0.001 | 0.15±0.02 | — | — |
| c | ≥1.38±0.05 MJ | 0.4737+0.0085 −0.0088 |
120.059±0.013 | 0.149±0.006 | — | — |
| d | ≥3.71+1.2 −0.51 MJ |
5.46+0.85 −0.40 |
4,696+1,133 −489 |
0.091+0.028 −0.018 |
— | — |
See also
References
- Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation From a Position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695–699. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Vizier query form
- ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ Burke, Christopher J.; et al. (2007). "XO-2b: Transiting Hot Jupiter in a Metal-rich Common Proper Motion Binary". The Astrophysical Journal. 671 (2): 2115–2128. arXiv:0705.0003. Bibcode:2007ApJ...671.2115B. doi:10.1086/523087. S2CID 13468914.
- ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ Benavides, Rafael; Francisco Rica; Esteban Reina; Julio Castellanos; Ramón Naves; Luis Lahuerta; Salvador Lahuerta (2010). "New Wide Common Proper Motion Binaries". Journal of Double Star Observations. 6 (1): 30. Bibcode:2010JDSO....6...30B.
- ^ Damasso, M.; et al. (2015). "The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. V. A comprehensive analysis of the XO-2 stellar and planetary systems". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 575 A111. arXiv:1501.01424. Bibcode:2015A&A...575A.111D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425332.
- ^ "TYC 3413-210-1". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
- ^ "TYC 3413-5-1". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
- ^ Desidera, S.; et al. (2014). "The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. IV. A planetary system around XO-2S". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 567 (6) L6. arXiv:1407.0251. Bibcode:2014A&A...567L...6D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424339. S2CID 118567085.
- ^ Ruggieri, A.; Desidera, S.; et al. (April 2024). "The GAPS Programme at TNG. LIII. New insights on the peculiar XO-2 system". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 684: A116. arXiv:2401.17876. Bibcode:2024A&A...684A.116R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348042.
Further reading
- Fernandez, Jose M.; et al. (2009). "The Transit Light Curve Project. XII. Six Transits of the Exoplanet XO-2b". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4911–4916. arXiv:0903.2687. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4911F. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4911. S2CID 7113991.
- Narita, Norio; et al. (2011). "XO-2b: a Prograde Planet with a Negligible Eccentricity and an Additional Radial Velocity Variation". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (6): L67 – L71. arXiv:1110.6136. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63L..67N. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.6.l67. S2CID 119269227.
- Sing, D. K.; et al. (2011). "Gran Telescopio Canarias OSIRIS transiting exoplanet atmospheric survey: detection of potassium in XO-2b from narrowband spectrophotometry". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 527 A73. arXiv:1008.4795. Bibcode:2011A&A...527A..73S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015579. S2CID 56545385.
External links
- NASA PlanetQuest: Planet race heats up: 1 month, 32 discoveries
- "XO-2". Exoplanets. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
