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{{Infobox music genre

|name = Berlin School
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|bgcolor = silver
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|stylistic_origins = ], ], ], ]
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|cultural_origins = Early 1970s, ]
|instruments = ], ], ], ]
|popularity = some initial interest in Europe, later underground
|derivatives = ], ], ], ]
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The '''Berlin School''' was a style of ] that emerged in the 1970s.<ref>Vladimir Bogdanov (ed), ''All Music Guide to Electronica'', 4th Revised Edition (San Francisco: Backbeat Books, 2001).</ref> An outgrowth of ], Berlin School was so named because most of its early practitioners were based in ], ]. It was shaped by artists such as ], ], and ]. Music from this school is sometimes considered a sub-branch of ] or ], although it predates the widespread use of both terms.

The genre's identification with ] distinguished it from the more percussive and rhythm-oriented ], which included ], ], ], and ]. These latter bands have had a greater impact on ] and ], while the Berlin School was a wellspring for ], ], ] and ].

== Classic period ==

Early landmarks of the style include '']'' (1974), '']'' (1975), and the live album '']'' (1975) by ]; '']'' (1975) and '']'' (1976) by Klaus Schulze; '']'' (1976) by ] (Manuel Göttsching); and '']'' (1978) by ]. Tangerine Dream's next live album, '']'' (1977), hinted at things to come with three sides of Berlin School and one side of proto-ambient music.

Vintage Berlin School tracks typically ran about twenty or thirty minutes, filling one side of a vinyl LP. With the advent of the ], artists were no longer limited by the need to flip over a ]. Consequently, some newer works run continuously as a single track for almost 80 minutes. Sound loops of unlimited length are now possible with ]s. The music may also be tied to visuals, as in the 2008 project ''Via Lucis'', an integration of ambient music by Berlin School musician Kirk Monteux and sculptor Siegfried Speckhardt.

== Latter-day Berlin School ==

Ambient musician ] experimented with the genre on his first albums. Other early 80s artists include ] and musicians connected with ].

Several groups formed during the 1990s are still mainstays, including ] and ] (fronted by ], who had worked in the genre in the early 80s as well). Many of them had a "retro" or back-to-basics approach, seen for example in Redshift's use of vintage Moog synthesizers, including a Minimoog and Moog 960 sequencers.<ref></ref>

Klaus Schulze continues to work in the genre. While Tangerine Dream has moved on, it still sometimes nods in the direction of Berlin School, as on the album '']'' from 2003.

Notable latter-day artists of Berlin School include:
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== See also ==
* ]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*
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]
]
]

Latest revision as of 13:30, 30 April 2024

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