Misplaced Pages

Péter Medgyessy: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 18:11, 17 January 2022 edit46.114.108.10 (talk) Fixed pronunciation IPATags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit Latest revision as of 22:19, 1 May 2024 edit undoJJMC89 bot III (talk | contribs)Bots, Administrators3,665,934 editsm Moving Category:Prime Ministers of Hungary to Category:Prime ministers of Hungary per Misplaced Pages:Categories for discussion/Speedy 
(14 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Hungarian politician}} {{short description|Hungarian politician}}
{{copyedit|date=July 2021}}
{{Hungarian name|Medgyessy Péter}} {{Hungarian name|Medgyessy Péter}}
{{Infobox officeholder {{Infobox officeholder
Line 12: Line 11:
| predecessor1 = ] | predecessor1 = ]
| successor1 = ] | successor1 = ]
| order3 = ] | order3 = ]
| term_start3 = 1 March 1996 | term_start3 = 1 March 1996
| term_end3 = 8 July 1998 | term_end3 = 8 July 1998
Line 18: Line 17:
| predecessor3 = ] | predecessor3 = ]
| successor3 = ] | successor3 = ]
| order2 = ] | order2 = ]
| term_start2 = 15 May 2002 | term_start2 = 15 May 2002
| term_end2 = 15 May 2006 | term_end2 = 15 May 2006
| order4 = | order4 =
| term_start4 = 1 January 1987 | term_start4 = 30 December 1986
| term_end4 = 15 December 1987 | term_end4 = 16 December 1987
| primeminister4 = ]<br />] | primeminister4 = ]<br />]
| predecessor4 = ] | predecessor4 = ]
Line 32: Line 31:
| death_place = | death_place =
| spouse = Katalin Csaplár | spouse = Katalin Csaplár
| children = {{hlist|Gergely|Ildikó|Anita}} | children = 3
| party = ] (until 1989) <br> ] (1989–present) | party = ] (until 1989) <br> ] (1989–present)
| profession = ] | profession = ]
| website = | website =
}} }}
'''Péter Medgyessy''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈmɛɟːɛʃi ˈpeːtɛr|-|medgyessy_peter.ogg}}; born 19 October 1942) is a Hungarian ] and former ] from 27 May 2002 until 29 September 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/22/content_11051592.htm|publisher=Xinhua|title=Profile: Hungarian PM Ferenc Gyurcsany|date=2009-03-22|author=Mo Hong'e|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609152703/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/22/content_11051592.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09}}</ref> On 25 August 2004 he resigned over disputes with coalition partner ], but remained caretaker Prime Minister for a 30-day period as required by the ], and a few additional days until his successor ] was confirmed by ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://index.hu/belfold/kormatal0818/|publisher=Index.hu|title=Az SZDSZ megvonta a bizalmat Medgyessytől|date=2004-08-18|author=Index }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://index.hu/belfold/koalicios091/|publisher=Index.hu|title=Konstruktív bizalmatlansággal váltják Medgyessyt|date=2004-08-21|author=Index }}</ref> '''Péter Medgyessy''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈmɛɟːɛʃi ˈpeːtɛr|-|medgyessy_peter.ogg}}; born 19 October 1942) is a retired Hungarian politician who served as ] from 27 May 2002 to 29 September 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/22/content_11051592.htm|publisher=Xinhua|title=Profile: Hungarian PM Ferenc Gyurcsany|date=2009-03-22|author=Mo Hong'e|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609152703/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/22/content_11051592.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09}}</ref> On 25 August 2004, he resigned over disputes with coalition partner ], but remained as acting prime minister for a 30-day period as required by the ], and a few additional days until his successor ] was confirmed by the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://index.hu/belfold/kormatal0818/|publisher=Index.hu|title=Az SZDSZ megvonta a bizalmat Medgyessytől|date=2004-08-18|author=Index }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://index.hu/belfold/koalicios091/|publisher=Index.hu|title=Konstruktív bizalmatlansággal váltják Medgyessyt|date=2004-08-21|author=Index }}</ref>


==Family and studies== ==Family and studies==
He was born into an old Transylvanian noble family in ] on 19 October 1942. An ancestor of the family, Miklós Medgyessy de Medgyes worked as a penman for Prince ] in the 17th century. Péter Medgyessy's father, Béla Medgyessy was a recorder in the General Assembly of ] until the ], when Hungary reassigned the territory of ] from the ]. The family moved to Budapest, where Béla Medgyessy worked for the Ministry of Domestic Trade. His mother Ibolya Szolga was an interpreter.<ref name=Metropol>{{cite news | work=Metropol | date=19 October 2012 | title=Medgyessy Péter volt kormányfő 70 éves | url=http://www.metropol.hu/cikk/952324-medgyessy-peter-volt-kormanyfo-70-eves | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221140258/http://www.metropol.hu/cikk/952324-medgyessy-peter-volt-kormanyfo-70-eves | archive-date=21 December 2014 }}</ref> Medgyessy was born into an old Transylvanian noble family in ] on 19 October 1942. An ancestor of the family, Miklós Medgyessy de Medgyes, worked as a penman for Prince ] in the 17th century. Medgyessy's father, Béla Medgyessy, was a recorder in the General Assembly of ] until the ], when Hungary reassigned the territory of ] from the ]. The family moved to Budapest, where Béla worked for the Ministry of Domestic Trade. Medgyessy's mother Ibolya Szolga was an interpreter.<ref name=Metropol>{{cite news | work=Metropol | date=19 October 2012 | title=Medgyessy Péter volt kormányfő 70 éves | url=http://www.metropol.hu/cikk/952324-medgyessy-peter-volt-kormanyfo-70-eves | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221140258/http://www.metropol.hu/cikk/952324-medgyessy-peter-volt-kormanyfo-70-eves | archive-date=21 December 2014 }}</ref>


Medgyessy studied theoretical ] at the ] (then called Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences).<ref name=NYTPM>{{cite news | work=] | date=22 April 2002 | last=Fisher | first=Ian | title=Hungarians Choose Socialist as New Leader | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/22/world/hungarians-choose-socialist-as-new-leader.html | access-date=21 January 2010}}</ref> He graduated in 1966, then returned to receive his doctorate. He is fluent in ] and ], and knowledgeable in the ] and ] languages.<ref name=NYTPM/> Medgyessy studied theoretical ] at the ] (then called Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences).<ref name=NYTPM>{{cite news | work=] | date=22 April 2002 | last=Fisher | first=Ian | title=Hungarians Choose Socialist as New Leader | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/22/world/hungarians-choose-socialist-as-new-leader.html | access-date=21 January 2010}}</ref> He graduated in 1966, and returned to receive his doctorate. He is fluent in ] and ], and knowledgeable in the ] and ] languages.<ref name=NYTPM/>


He is married to Katalin Csaplár. He has a daughter born in 1969 and a son born in 1970 from a previous marriage. His adopted child is Anita Tornóczky, a well-known anchorwoman in Hungary.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.medgyessy.hu/medgyessy.html|publisher=Medgyessy.hu|title=Biography|author=Kopint Datorg Rt.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828120740/http://www.medgyessy.hu/medgyessy.html|archive-date=2009-08-28}}</ref> He is married to Katalin Csaplár, and has a daughter and son born in 1969 and 1970, respectively, from a previous marriage. His adopted child is Anita Tornóczky, a well-known anchorwoman in Hungary.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.medgyessy.hu/medgyessy.html|publisher=Medgyessy.hu|title=Biography|author=Kopint Datorg Rt.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828120740/http://www.medgyessy.hu/medgyessy.html|archive-date=2009-08-28}}</ref>


==Political career== ==Political career==
===Early career=== ===Early career===
Between 1966 and 1982, he held various senior positions in departments of the ]. In 1982, he became Deputy Minister of Finance, and in 1987, he became Minister of Finance in the cabinet of ]. He also held the position in the ] administration. As minister, Medgyessy had a significant role in the preparation of two-tier banking system and banking reform.<ref name=Metropol/> He was replaced by ] on 16 December 1987. Between 1966 and 1982, he held various senior positions in departments of the ]. In 1982, he became Deputy Minister of Finance, and in 1987, he became Minister of Finance in ]'s cabinet, and held the position in the ] administration. As minister, Medgyessy had a significant role in the preparation of a ] and banking reform.<ref name=Metropol/> He was replaced by ] on 16 December 1987.


] in 1994, ]]] ] in 1994, ]]]


Between 1987 and 1990, Medgyessy was the Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs in the Károly Grósz and ] cabinets. He brought the law of new capitalist-style tax system to the ]. Besides the ministerial position, Medgyessy was also elected a member of the Central Committee (KB) of the ] (MSZMP). After the dissolution of the ruling communist state party in October 1989, he did not join the newly founded successor organization, the ] (MSZP).<ref name=Metropol/> Between 1987 and 1990, Medgyessy was Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs in the Grósz and ] cabinets. He brought the law of new capitalist-style tax system to the ]. Besides the ministerial position, Medgyessy was also elected a member of the Central Committee of the ]. After the dissolution of the ruling communist state party in October 1989, he did not join the newly-founded successor organization, the ] (MSZP).<ref name=Metropol/>


After the ], Medgyessy retired from politics for a while. From 1990 to 1996, he was ] and ] of various Hungarian ]s, including Paribas Bank Inc. and ]. After ] took over the Hungarian government in 1994, he was appointed head of the premier's Advisory Board. Medgyessy later returned to his previous position as Minister of Finance, in March 1996, when he replaced ], who resigned after the controversial ]. After his term ended, he became Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Inter-Europa Bank, and Vice President of Atlasz Insurance Company; he held these positions from 1998 to 2001. He also taught at ] for fifteen years beside bank official positions. He served as President of the Hungarian Economic Association.<ref name=Metropol/> After the ], Medgyessy briefly retired from politics. From 1990 to 1996, he was ] and ] of various Hungarian banks, including Paribas Bank Inc. and ]. After ] took over the Hungarian government in 1994, Medgyessy was appointed head of the premier's Advisory Board before returning to his previous position as minister of finance, in March 1996, when he replaced ], who resigned after the controversial ]. After his term ended, he became the chairman of the Board of Directors of the Inter-Europa Bank, and vice president of Atlasz Insurance Company from 1998 to 2001. He also taught at College of Finance and Accountancy (now ]) for 15 years beside bank official positions. He served as president of the Hungarian Economic Association.<ref name=Metropol/>


He received the Commander's Cross with a Star of the ] in 1998, and the highest ] ], the ] in 2000. He received the Commander's Cross with a Star of the ] in 1998, and the highest French ], the ] in 2000.


===Prime Minister of Hungary=== ===Prime Minister of Hungary===
], 3 October 2001]] ], 3 October 2001]]
The ] (MSZP) nominated him as their non-partisan candidate for prime minister during the seventh congress of the party in June 2001, after former Prime Minister Miklós Németh and MP ] had withdrawn from nomination. The party won the 2002 elections against conservative ] and incumbent Prime Minister ] by a small majority, and on 27 May 2002, the Hungarian Parliament elected Medgyessy as the new Prime Minister of Hungary.<ref name=NYTPM/> The MSZP nominated him as their non-partisan candidate for prime minister during the seventh congress of the party in June 2001, after Németh and MP ] had withdrawn from nomination. The party won the ] against ] and incumbent Prime Minister ] by a small majority, and on 27 May 2002, the Hungarian Parliament elected Medgyessy as the new Prime Minister of Hungary.<ref name=NYTPM/>
] ], 20 July 2004.]] ] ], 20 July 2004.]]
'']'', a newspaper affiliated with the opposition party ], revealed in June, 2002 that Medgyessy had been acting as a counterespionage officer under the code name D-209 in the III./II. section of the -then- Ministry for Internal Affairs prior to 1989. After a small hesitation, Medgyessy admitted to being a secret agent saying that in the line of duty, he strived to securing Hungary's membership in the ], which the ] was opposed to. However, under the circumstances, this sparked controversy all over the country.<ref>{{cite news | work=Magyar Nemzet Online | date=18 June 2002 | title=Titkos ügynök a kormány élén | url=http://www.mno.hu/portal/84878 | access-date=23 January 2010}}</ref> At first, leaders of the coalition partner SZDSZ had expressed their support for Medgyessy's dismissal as Prime Minister, but the Socialists persuaded them to let Medgyessy stay in office. In light of this, ], the founding president of SZDSZ, left the party in July 2002, referring to the SZDSZ's decision as being in conflict with his moral values. In the aftermath of these events, demonstrators blocked traffic across ] led by ] demanding that a new tally of the parliamentary election results be conducted. '']'', a newspaper affiliated with Fidesz, revealed in June 2002 that Medgyessy had been acting as a counterespionage officer under the code name D-209 in the III./II. section of the then-Ministry for Internal Affairs prior to 1989. He admitted to being a secret agent, saying that in the line of duty, he strived to secure Hungary's membership in the ], which the ] was opposed to. Under the circumstances, this sparked controversy all over the country.<ref>{{cite news | work=Magyar Nemzet Online | date=18 June 2002 | title=Titkos ügynök a kormány élén | url=http://www.mno.hu/portal/84878 | access-date=23 January 2010}}</ref> At first, leaders of the coalition partner ] (SZDSZ) had expressed their support for Medgyessy's dismissal as Prime Minister, but the Socialists persuaded them to let Medgyessy stay in office. In response, ], the founding president of SZDSZ, left the party in July 2002, referring to the SZDSZ's decision as being in conflict with his moral values. In the aftermath of these events, demonstrators blocked traffic across ] and demanded that a new tally of the parliamentary election results be conducted.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}


] on 15 July 2004 at ]]] ] on 15 July 2004 at ]]]


One of the main campaign promises of MSZP was "The Welfare System Change." In implementing this, the ] announced a 100-day action program that provided a 50% increase of wage to public employees and a HUF 19,000 allowance to pensioners on a single occasion. Academic scholarships and pensions which had not reached the amount of the minimum wage were also increased. These measures cost HUF 190 billion on the exchange rate. Fidesz and MDF MPs also voted in favour of the bill. During this time, Medgyessy's ] was the highest. As a result, the government adopted a second 100-day program afterwards.<ref>{{cite news | work=Origo | date=19 July 2002 | title=Készül a második 100 napos program | url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20020719medgyessy1.html }}</ref> According to the later critics, the two programs caused HUF 817 billion excess spending in the state budget, while, according to a 2009 report from the State Audit Office, the total annual cost of the housing subsidies rose from roughly HUF 50 billion (EUR 184.14 million) a year in 2000 to HUF 255 billion (EUR 939.14 million) in 2005.<ref>{{cite news | work=Magyar Nemzet Online | date=4 August 2011 | title=Fidesz Wants to Jail Former Socialist Prime Ministers | url=http://www.freehungary.hu/index.php/archives-new/377-fidesz-wants-to-jail-former-socialist-prime-ministers }}</ref> One of the main campaign promises of MSZP was "The Welfare System Change". To implement it, the ] announced a 100-day action program that provided a 50% increase of wage to public employees and a one-time HUF 19,000 allowance to pensioners. Academic scholarships and pensions that had not reached the amount of the minimum wage were also increased. These measures cost HUF 190 billion on the exchange rate. Fidesz and MDF MPs also voted in favour of the bill. At this time, Medgyessy's ] was the highest, and the government consequently adopted a second 100-day program afterwards.<ref>{{cite news | work=Origo | date=19 July 2002 | title=Készül a második 100 napos program | url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20020719medgyessy1.html }}</ref> According to later critics, the two programs caused an excess spending of HUF 817 billion in the state budget, while, according to a 2009 report from the State Audit Office, the total annual cost of the housing subsidies rose from roughly HUF 50 billion (EUR 184.14 million) a year in 2000 to HUF 255 billion (EUR 939.14 million) in 2005.<ref>{{cite news | work=Magyar Nemzet Online | date=4 August 2011 | title=Fidesz Wants to Jail Former Socialist Prime Ministers | url=http://www.freehungary.hu/index.php/archives-new/377-fidesz-wants-to-jail-former-socialist-prime-ministers }}</ref>


Under his prime-ministership, a ] was held on 12 April 2003 about whether or not, Hungary should join the ]. All of the major ] in Hungary, the trade unions, business organisations, churches and media were in favour of Hungary's membership of the EU.<ref name=favour>{{cite web| url = http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,831774,00.html | title = Maltese, Hungarians Vote in Favor of European Union | access-date = 2008-03-03 | date = 2003-04-13| publisher = ]}}</ref> In celebration of the results of the referendum held on both banks of the ], Medgyessy announced that Hungary is set to be a member of the European Union. Under Medgyessy's prime ministership, a ] was held on 12 April 2003 to decide if Hungary should join the ]. All of the major ] in Hungary, the trade unions, business organisations, churches and media were in favour of Hungary's membership of the EU.<ref name=favour>{{cite web| url = http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,831774,00.html | title = Maltese, Hungarians Vote in Favor of European Union | access-date = 2008-03-03 | date = 2003-04-13| publisher = ]}}</ref>


In early 2004, Medgyessy proposed a joint electoral list with the participation of all parliamentary parties for the ]. The coalition partner SZDSZ and all opposition parties rejected Medgyessy's idea.<ref>{{cite news | work=Origo | date=19 February 2004 | title=Az MSZP kivételével mindenki ellenzi a közös EP-listát | url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20040219azmszp.html }}</ref> However, during a meeting of leaders of the four parliamentary groups, all parties agreed to a "national minimum", which included partnerships and contacts in the European organizations.<ref>{{cite news | work=Origo | date=25 February 2004 | title=Medgyessy: Félsiker a közös EP-lista ügyében | url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20040225medgyessy.html }}</ref> The ] also called Medgyessy's proposal "anti-democratic" in March, 2004.<ref>{{cite news | work=Origo | date=12 March 2004 | title=AZ EP szerint antidemokratikus Medgyessy közös listája | url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20040312azep.html }}</ref> In the election held in July, 2004, the Hungarian Socialist Party was heavily defeated by Fidesz. After that Medgyessy gradually lost support of the government coalition MSZP-SZDSZ. Word got around MSZP that the party could not win another parliamentary election with him against Viktor Orbán, meanwhile ] who then was a minister responsible for sports, youth and children in his government, came forward as a potential candidate for prime minister. In early 2004, Medgyessy proposed a joint electoral list with the participation of all parliamentary parties for the ]. His idea was rejected by SZDSZ and all opposition parties,<ref>{{cite news | work=Origo | date=19 February 2004 | title=Az MSZP kivételével mindenki ellenzi a közös EP-listát | url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20040219azmszp.html }}</ref> but during a meeting of leaders of the four parliamentary groups, all parties agreed to a "national minimum", which included partnerships and contacts in the European organizations.<ref>{{cite news | work=Origo | date=25 February 2004 | title=Medgyessy: Félsiker a közös EP-lista ügyében | url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20040225medgyessy.html }}</ref> The ] also called Medgyessy's proposal "anti-democratic" in March 2004.<ref>{{cite news | work=Origo | date=12 March 2004 | title=AZ EP szerint antidemokratikus Medgyessy közös listája | url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20040312azep.html }}</ref> In the July 2004 elections, the Hungarian Socialist Party was heavily defeated by Fidesz. Afterwards, Medgyessy gradually lost support of the MSZP-SZDSZ alliance. Word got around MSZP that the party could not win another parliamentary election with him against Viktor Orbán, meanwhile ] who then was a minister responsible for sports, youth and children in his government, came forward as a potential candidate for prime minister.


Before his resignation, he had fallen out with the coalition partner ] (SZDSZ) accusing them of getting involved in corruption cases and was about to relieve SZDSZ delegate Minister of Economy ] from duty. In response to this, SZDSZ withdrew its support from him after which he declared his resignation, in order to prevent a parliamentary ]. His party, the MSZP accepted it that day. The resignation took effect on 25 August, and in accordance with the Hungarian Constitution he became "acting Prime Minister" for the next 30 days. In the meantime his successor, ], acted on his behalf. Medgyessy stepped down as Prime Minister in August 2004 and was succeeded by Gyurcsány.<ref>{{cite news | work=The New York Times | date=26 August 2004 | title= Europe: Hungary: Tycoon Picked As New Premier | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/26/world/world-briefing-europe-hungary-tycoon-picked-as-new-premier.html | access-date=21 January 2010}}</ref> Before his resignation, he had fallen out with the SZDSZ, accused them of being involved in corruption cases, and was about to relieve SZDSZ delegate Minister of Economy István Csillag from duty. In response, SZDSZ withdrew its support for him, after which he declared his resignation to prevent a parliamentary ]. The MSZP accepted his resignation, which took effect on 25 August, and in accordance with the Hungarian Constitution he became "acting Prime Minister" for the next 30 days. In the meantime his successor, ], acted on his behalf. Medgyessy stepped down as prime minister in August 2004 and was succeeded by Gyurcsány.<ref>{{cite news | work=The New York Times | date=26 August 2004 | title= Europe: Hungary: Tycoon Picked As New Premier | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/26/world/world-briefing-europe-hungary-tycoon-picked-as-new-premier.html | access-date=21 January 2010}}</ref>


==Controversies== ==Controversies==
Medgyessy was ridiculed by certain segments of the Budapest ] because of his allegedly weak ]al abilities. In this vein a book appeared with the title of "Medgyessyizmusok" (''Medgyessyism'', in analogy to '']'') in 2004.<ref>{{cite news | work=Platina Print Kiadó | date=1 October 2004 | title=''Medgyessyzmusok'' | url=http://www.medgyessyzmusok.hu/ | access-date=23 January 2010}}</ref> Medgyessy was ridiculed by certain segments of the Budapest press because of his allegedly weak ]al abilities; a book titled ''Medgyessyizmusok'' (''Medgyessyism'', in analogy to '']'') appeared in 2004.<ref>{{cite news | work=Platina Print Kiadó | date=1 October 2004 | title=''Medgyessyzmusok'' | url=http://www.medgyessyzmusok.hu/ | access-date=23 January 2010}}</ref>
]]] ]]]
Referring to Hungarian exporters' interests, he opted{{When|date=August 2011}} to decrease the central value of the ] range of the ]. Investors regarded this as an incomprehensible step and a flawed piece of economic policy and started selling forints and Hungarian ]s, which led to considerable interest rate hikes by the ].{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} In response to Hungarian exporters' interests, he decided{{When|date=August 2011}} to decrease the central value of the ] range of the ]. Investors considered his decision to be incomprehensible and a flawed piece of economic policy, causing them to sell forints and Hungarian ]s, which led to significant interest rate hikes by the ].{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}


Fulfilling the promise of "Change of welfare regime", the slogan of his campaign in the 2002 elections, the Medgyessy government increased wages of civil servants by 50%, and increased allowances for university students and pensioners, the latter group also receiving a one-time pension supplement. Economists criticised this move, calling it an irresponsible drain on the budget, amounting to nearly 190 billion Forints,<ref> – Article on origo.hu</ref> in their opinion purely to increase the administration's popularity.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721114741/http://xxiszazadintezet.hu/aktualis_hirek/felidoben_a_medgyessy_kormany_3.html |date=2011-07-21 }} article on the website of A Közép és Kelet-európai Történelem és Társadalom Kutatásáért Public Fund</ref> Fulfilling the promise of the "change of welfare regime", the slogan of his campaign in the 2002 elections, the Medgyessy government increased the wages of civil servants by 50%, and increased allowances for university students and pensioners. Pensioners also received a one-time pension supplement. Economists criticised this move, calling it an irresponsible drain on the budget that amounted to nearly 190 billion forints,<ref> – Article on origo.hu</ref> and hypothesised it was done purely to increase the administration's popularity.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721114741/http://xxiszazadintezet.hu/aktualis_hirek/felidoben_a_medgyessy_kormany_3.html |date=2011-07-21 }} article on the website of A Közép és Kelet-európai Történelem és Társadalom Kutatásáért Public Fund</ref>


During his government, political attacks were launched against some independent senior civil servants who had been appointed by the previous ] cabinet. Court rulings subsequently established that the head of the Hungarian Energy Office and the chairman of the Hungarian Statistical Office were removed from their positions unconstitutionally and illegally. The chief of the Hungarian Financial Supervisory Authority was removed without legal challenge, however without any material basis related to his performance in office.<ref>{{cite news | work=Index.hu | date=29 April 2005 | title=A statisztikai hivatalnak fizetnie kell Mellár elbocsátásáért | url=http://index.hu/belfold/mellar0429/ | access-date=24 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | work=Index.hu | date=21 February 2007 | title=Alkotmányellenesen tisztogatott a Medgyessy-kormány | url=http://index.hu/gazdasag/magyar/kad070221/ | access-date=24 January 2010}}</ref> During Medgyessy's prime ministership, political attacks were launched against some independent senior civil servants who had been appointed by the Orbán cabinet. Court rulings subsequently established that the head of the Hungarian Energy Office and the chairman of the Hungarian Statistical Office were removed from their positions unconstitutionally and illegally. The chief of the Hungarian Financial Supervisory Authority was removed without legal challenge, though without any material basis related to his performance in office.<ref>{{cite news | work=Index.hu | date=29 April 2005 | title=A statisztikai hivatalnak fizetnie kell Mellár elbocsátásáért | url=http://index.hu/belfold/mellar0429/ | access-date=24 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | work=Index.hu | date=21 February 2007 | title=Alkotmányellenesen tisztogatott a Medgyessy-kormány | url=http://index.hu/gazdasag/magyar/kad070221/ | access-date=24 January 2010}}</ref>


Medgyessy was also a co-signatory of "]", signed by eight European leaders, supporting the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Full text of letter written by eight European leaders |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/full-text-of-letter-written-by-eight-european-leaders-1.459198 |work=The Irish Times |date=30 January 2003}}</ref> Medgyessy was also a co-signatory of ], which supported the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Full text of letter written by eight European leaders |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/full-text-of-letter-written-by-eight-european-leaders-1.459198 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=30 January 2003}}</ref>


==Life since government== ==Life since government==
After his resignation, he continued to serve as a Member of Parliament in the role of travelling Ambassador, "to make sure Hungary can become a successful member of the most important international alliances including the European Union", as he stated. He did not run as MP in the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://index.hu/politika/belfold/utkov0519/|publisher=Index.hu|title=Két kontinenst hagyott csak ki Medgyessy Péter|date=2008-05-19|author=Index }}</ref> He was called back from travelling ambassador position by Ferenc Gyurcsány in mid-2008, after he openly criticized the government in some of his interviews.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://index.hu/belfold/megyo8639/|publisher=Index.hu|title=Gyurcsány kirúgta Medgyessyt|date=2008-04-30|author=Index }}</ref> After his resignation, he continued to serve as a Member of Parliament as a travelling ambassador "to make sure Hungary can become a successful member of the most important international alliances including the European Union".{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} He did not run as MP in the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://index.hu/politika/belfold/utkov0519/|publisher=Index.hu|title=Két kontinenst hagyott csak ki Medgyessy Péter|date=2008-05-19|author=Index }}</ref> He was called back by Gyurcsány in mid-2008 after he openly criticized the government in some of his interviews.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://index.hu/belfold/megyo8639/|publisher=Index.hu|title=Gyurcsány kirúgta Medgyessyt|date=2008-04-30|author=Index }}</ref>


Medgyessy was interviewed by ] on the occasion of tenth anniversary of his resignation on 27 August 2014, where he called his successor, Gyurcsány as "]" and "traitor". According to Medgyessy, he was removed from the position of Prime Minister after a secret agreement between MSZP and SZDSZ leaders, ], ], ] and ]. He also said he would do 100-day action program again, however he felt sorry for not revealing his D-209 agency past just before the 2002 elections.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://index.hu/belfold/2014/08/27/medgyessy/|publisher=Index.hu|title=Gyurcsány áruló. Mi a csudának tartanám?|date=2014-08-27|author=Index }}</ref> Medgyessy was interviewed by ] on the tenth anniversary of his resignation on 27 August 2014, where he called Gyurcsány a "]" and "traitor".{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} According to Medgyessy, he was removed from the position of Prime Minister after a secret agreement between MSZP and SZDSZ leaders ], ], ] and ]. He also said he would enact the 100-day action program again, but he regretted not revealing his D-209 agency past before the 2002 elections.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://index.hu/belfold/2014/08/27/medgyessy/|publisher=Index.hu|title=Gyurcsány áruló. Mi a csudának tartanám?|date=2014-08-27|author=Index }}</ref>


==Awards and merits== ==Awards and merits==
He received the Commander's Cross with a Star of the Hungarian ] in 1998, and the highest ] ], the Chevalier of the ] in 2000. In 2002 he received the Grand Cross of the ] and the Gold and Silver Star of the Japanese ], and in 2003, the Grand Cross of the ] and the ]. In 2004 he became a Grand Officer of the French Legion of Honour and received the German ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060703051636/http://www.medgyessy.hu/cv.html |date=2006-07-03 }} – Awards. www.medgyessy.hu</ref> He received the Commander's Cross with a Star of the Hungarian ] in 1998, and the highest French decoration, the Chevalier of the ] in 2000. In 2002 he received the Grand Cross of the ] and the Gold and Silver Star of the Japanese ], and in 2003, the Grand Cross of the ] and the ]. In 2004 he became a Grand Officer of the French Legion of Honour and received the German ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060703051636/http://www.medgyessy.hu/cv.html |date=2006-07-03 }} – Awards. www.medgyessy.hu</ref>


==Selected publications== ==Selected publications==
Line 123: Line 122:
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 22:19, 1 May 2024

Hungarian politician The native form of this personal name is Medgyessy Péter. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Péter Medgyessy
Medgyessy in 2014
Prime Minister of Hungary
In office
27 May 2002 – 29 September 2004
PresidentFerenc Mádl
Preceded byViktor Orbán
Succeeded byFerenc Gyurcsány
Member of the National Assembly
In office
15 May 2002 – 15 May 2006
Minister of Finance
In office
1 March 1996 – 8 July 1998
Prime MinisterGyula Horn
Preceded byLajos Bokros
Succeeded byZsigmond Járai
In office
30 December 1986 – 16 December 1987
Prime MinisterGyörgy Lázár
Károly Grósz
Preceded byIstván Hetényi
Succeeded byMiklós Villányi
Personal details
Born (1942-10-19) 19 October 1942 (age 82)
Budapest, Hungary
Political partyMSZMP (until 1989)
Independent (1989–present)
SpouseKatalin Csaplár
Children3
ProfessionEconomist
Websitewww.medgyessy.hu

Péter Medgyessy (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmɛɟːɛʃi ˈpeːtɛr] ; born 19 October 1942) is a retired Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 27 May 2002 to 29 September 2004. On 25 August 2004, he resigned over disputes with coalition partner Alliance of Free Democrats, but remained as acting prime minister for a 30-day period as required by the Constitution, and a few additional days until his successor Ferenc Gyurcsány was confirmed by the National Assembly.

Family and studies

Medgyessy was born into an old Transylvanian noble family in Budapest on 19 October 1942. An ancestor of the family, Miklós Medgyessy de Medgyes, worked as a penman for Prince Gabriel Bethlen in the 17th century. Medgyessy's father, Béla Medgyessy, was a recorder in the General Assembly of Cluj until the Second Vienna Award, when Hungary reassigned the territory of Northern Transylvania from the Kingdom of Romania. The family moved to Budapest, where Béla worked for the Ministry of Domestic Trade. Medgyessy's mother Ibolya Szolga was an interpreter.

Medgyessy studied theoretical economics at the Corvinus University of Budapest (then called Karl Marx University of Economic Sciences). He graduated in 1966, and returned to receive his doctorate. He is fluent in French and Romanian, and knowledgeable in the English and Russian languages.

He is married to Katalin Csaplár, and has a daughter and son born in 1969 and 1970, respectively, from a previous marriage. His adopted child is Anita Tornóczky, a well-known anchorwoman in Hungary.

Political career

Early career

Between 1966 and 1982, he held various senior positions in departments of the Ministry of Finance. In 1982, he became Deputy Minister of Finance, and in 1987, he became Minister of Finance in György Lázár's cabinet, and held the position in the Károly Grósz administration. As minister, Medgyessy had a significant role in the preparation of a two-tier banking system and banking reform. He was replaced by Miklós Villányi on 16 December 1987.

Medgyessy and Péter Bacsó in 1994, Balatonszárszó

Between 1987 and 1990, Medgyessy was Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs in the Grósz and Miklós Németh cabinets. He brought the law of new capitalist-style tax system to the National Assembly of Hungary. Besides the ministerial position, Medgyessy was also elected a member of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party. After the dissolution of the ruling communist state party in October 1989, he did not join the newly-founded successor organization, the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP).

After the end of communism in Hungary, Medgyessy briefly retired from politics. From 1990 to 1996, he was CEO and chairman of various Hungarian banks, including Paribas Bank Inc. and Hungarian Investment and Development Bank. After Gyula Horn took over the Hungarian government in 1994, Medgyessy was appointed head of the premier's Advisory Board before returning to his previous position as minister of finance, in March 1996, when he replaced Lajos Bokros, who resigned after the controversial Bokros package. After his term ended, he became the chairman of the Board of Directors of the Inter-Europa Bank, and vice president of Atlasz Insurance Company from 1998 to 2001. He also taught at College of Finance and Accountancy (now Budapest Business School) for 15 years beside bank official positions. He served as president of the Hungarian Economic Association.

He received the Commander's Cross with a Star of the Order of Merit in 1998, and the highest French decoration, the Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 2000.

Prime Minister of Hungary

Medgyessy and SZDSZ leader Gábor Kuncze, 3 October 2001

The MSZP nominated him as their non-partisan candidate for prime minister during the seventh congress of the party in June 2001, after Németh and MP Sándor Nagy had withdrawn from nomination. The party won the 2002 elections against Fidesz and incumbent Prime Minister Viktor Orbán by a small majority, and on 27 May 2002, the Hungarian Parliament elected Medgyessy as the new Prime Minister of Hungary.

Medgyessy with President of Poland Aleksander Kwaśniewski, 20 July 2004.

Magyar Nemzet, a newspaper affiliated with Fidesz, revealed in June 2002 that Medgyessy had been acting as a counterespionage officer under the code name D-209 in the III./II. section of the then-Ministry for Internal Affairs prior to 1989. He admitted to being a secret agent, saying that in the line of duty, he strived to secure Hungary's membership in the International Monetary Fund, which the Soviet Union was opposed to. Under the circumstances, this sparked controversy all over the country. At first, leaders of the coalition partner Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) had expressed their support for Medgyessy's dismissal as Prime Minister, but the Socialists persuaded them to let Medgyessy stay in office. In response, János Kis, the founding president of SZDSZ, left the party in July 2002, referring to the SZDSZ's decision as being in conflict with his moral values. In the aftermath of these events, demonstrators blocked traffic across the Elisabeth Bridge and demanded that a new tally of the parliamentary election results be conducted.

Medgyessy with U.S. President George W. Bush on 15 July 2004 at White House

One of the main campaign promises of MSZP was "The Welfare System Change". To implement it, the Medgyessy government announced a 100-day action program that provided a 50% increase of wage to public employees and a one-time HUF 19,000 allowance to pensioners. Academic scholarships and pensions that had not reached the amount of the minimum wage were also increased. These measures cost HUF 190 billion on the exchange rate. Fidesz and MDF MPs also voted in favour of the bill. At this time, Medgyessy's approval rating was the highest, and the government consequently adopted a second 100-day program afterwards. According to later critics, the two programs caused an excess spending of HUF 817 billion in the state budget, while, according to a 2009 report from the State Audit Office, the total annual cost of the housing subsidies rose from roughly HUF 50 billion (EUR 184.14 million) a year in 2000 to HUF 255 billion (EUR 939.14 million) in 2005.

Under Medgyessy's prime ministership, a referendum was held on 12 April 2003 to decide if Hungary should join the European Union. All of the major political parties in Hungary, the trade unions, business organisations, churches and media were in favour of Hungary's membership of the EU.

In early 2004, Medgyessy proposed a joint electoral list with the participation of all parliamentary parties for the European Parliament election. His idea was rejected by SZDSZ and all opposition parties, but during a meeting of leaders of the four parliamentary groups, all parties agreed to a "national minimum", which included partnerships and contacts in the European organizations. The European Parliament also called Medgyessy's proposal "anti-democratic" in March 2004. In the July 2004 elections, the Hungarian Socialist Party was heavily defeated by Fidesz. Afterwards, Medgyessy gradually lost support of the MSZP-SZDSZ alliance. Word got around MSZP that the party could not win another parliamentary election with him against Viktor Orbán, meanwhile Ferenc Gyurcsány who then was a minister responsible for sports, youth and children in his government, came forward as a potential candidate for prime minister.

Before his resignation, he had fallen out with the SZDSZ, accused them of being involved in corruption cases, and was about to relieve SZDSZ delegate Minister of Economy István Csillag from duty. In response, SZDSZ withdrew its support for him, after which he declared his resignation to prevent a parliamentary motion of no confidence. The MSZP accepted his resignation, which took effect on 25 August, and in accordance with the Hungarian Constitution he became "acting Prime Minister" for the next 30 days. In the meantime his successor, Ferenc Gyurcsány, acted on his behalf. Medgyessy stepped down as prime minister in August 2004 and was succeeded by Gyurcsány.

Controversies

Medgyessy was ridiculed by certain segments of the Budapest press because of his allegedly weak rhetorical abilities; a book titled Medgyessyizmusok (Medgyessyism, in analogy to Bushism) appeared in 2004.

Medgyessy with Vladimir Putin

In response to Hungarian exporters' interests, he decided to decrease the central value of the floating exchange rate range of the forint. Investors considered his decision to be incomprehensible and a flawed piece of economic policy, causing them to sell forints and Hungarian government bonds, which led to significant interest rate hikes by the National Bank of Hungary.

Fulfilling the promise of the "change of welfare regime", the slogan of his campaign in the 2002 elections, the Medgyessy government increased the wages of civil servants by 50%, and increased allowances for university students and pensioners. Pensioners also received a one-time pension supplement. Economists criticised this move, calling it an irresponsible drain on the budget that amounted to nearly 190 billion forints, and hypothesised it was done purely to increase the administration's popularity.

During Medgyessy's prime ministership, political attacks were launched against some independent senior civil servants who had been appointed by the Orbán cabinet. Court rulings subsequently established that the head of the Hungarian Energy Office and the chairman of the Hungarian Statistical Office were removed from their positions unconstitutionally and illegally. The chief of the Hungarian Financial Supervisory Authority was removed without legal challenge, though without any material basis related to his performance in office.

Medgyessy was also a co-signatory of the letter of the eight, which supported the U.S. position on Iraq.

Life since government

After his resignation, he continued to serve as a Member of Parliament as a travelling ambassador "to make sure Hungary can become a successful member of the most important international alliances including the European Union". He did not run as MP in the 2006 parliamentary election. He was called back by Gyurcsány in mid-2008 after he openly criticized the government in some of his interviews.

Medgyessy was interviewed by Index on the tenth anniversary of his resignation on 27 August 2014, where he called Gyurcsány a "Trojan Horse" and "traitor". According to Medgyessy, he was removed from the position of Prime Minister after a secret agreement between MSZP and SZDSZ leaders László Kovács, Ildikó Lendvai, Katalin Szili and Gábor Kuncze. He also said he would enact the 100-day action program again, but he regretted not revealing his D-209 agency past before the 2002 elections.

Awards and merits

He received the Commander's Cross with a Star of the Hungarian Order of Merit in 1998, and the highest French decoration, the Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 2000. In 2002 he received the Grand Cross of the Belgian Order of the Crown and the Gold and Silver Star of the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun, and in 2003, the Grand Cross of the Order of the Merit of Chile and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. In 2004 he became a Grand Officer of the French Legion of Honour and received the German Federal Cross of Merit.

Selected publications

  • Csizmadia, Ervin: A Medgyessy-talány. A nemzeti középtől (a) végig. Századvég Kiadó, Budapest, 2004.
  • Csizmadia, Ervin: "Elképzeltek maguknak egy miniszterelnököt". Csizmadia Ervin interjúja Medgyessy Péterrel (interview). Századvég Kiadó, Budapest, 2004.
  • Medgyessy, Péter: Polgár a pályán. Kossuth Kiadó, Budapest, 2006.
  • Perger, István (ed.): Medgyessy. Ringier Kiadó, Budapest, 2004.

References

  1. Mo Hong'e (2009-03-22). "Profile: Hungarian PM Ferenc Gyurcsany". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 2011-06-09.
  2. Index (2004-08-18). "Az SZDSZ megvonta a bizalmat Medgyessytől". Index.hu.
  3. Index (2004-08-21). "Konstruktív bizalmatlansággal váltják Medgyessyt". Index.hu.
  4. ^ "Medgyessy Péter volt kormányfő 70 éves". Metropol. 19 October 2012. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014.
  5. ^ Fisher, Ian (22 April 2002). "Hungarians Choose Socialist as New Leader". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  6. Kopint Datorg Rt. "Biography". Medgyessy.hu. Archived from the original on 2009-08-28.
  7. "Titkos ügynök a kormány élén". Magyar Nemzet Online. 18 June 2002. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
  8. "Készül a második 100 napos program". Origo. 19 July 2002.
  9. "Fidesz Wants to Jail Former Socialist Prime Ministers". Magyar Nemzet Online. 4 August 2011.
  10. "Maltese, Hungarians Vote in Favor of European Union". Deutsche Welle. 2003-04-13. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  11. "Az MSZP kivételével mindenki ellenzi a közös EP-listát". Origo. 19 February 2004.
  12. "Medgyessy: Félsiker a közös EP-lista ügyében". Origo. 25 February 2004.
  13. "AZ EP szerint antidemokratikus Medgyessy közös listája". Origo. 12 March 2004.
  14. "Europe: Hungary: Tycoon Picked As New Premier". The New York Times. 26 August 2004. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  15. "Medgyessyzmusok". Platina Print Kiadó. 1 October 2004. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
  16. The second 100 day programme is being prepared – Article on origo.hu
  17. The Medgyessy government at half-time Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine article on the website of A Közép és Kelet-európai Történelem és Társadalom Kutatásáért Public Fund
  18. "A statisztikai hivatalnak fizetnie kell Mellár elbocsátásáért". Index.hu. 29 April 2005. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  19. "Alkotmányellenesen tisztogatott a Medgyessy-kormány". Index.hu. 21 February 2007. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
  20. "Full text of letter written by eight European leaders". The Irish Times. 30 January 2003.
  21. Index (2008-05-19). "Két kontinenst hagyott csak ki Medgyessy Péter". Index.hu.
  22. Index (2008-04-30). "Gyurcsány kirúgta Medgyessyt". Index.hu.
  23. Index (2014-08-27). "Gyurcsány áruló. Mi a csudának tartanám?". Index.hu.
  24. Dr. Péter Medgyessy former Prime Minister Archived 2006-07-03 at archive.today – Awards. www.medgyessy.hu

External links

Political offices
Preceded byIstván Hetényi Minister of Finance
1987
Succeeded byMiklós Villányi
Preceded byLajos Bokros Minister of Finance
1996–1998
Succeeded byZsigmond Járai
Preceded byViktor Orbán Prime Minister of Hungary
2002–2004
Succeeded byFerenc Gyurcsány
Prime ministers of Hungary
Revolution of 1848
Kingdom (1867–1918)
First Republic
Soviet Republic
Republic (1919–20)
Kingdom (1920–1946)
Second Republic
People's Republic
Third Republic
  • Italics indicates interim officeholders.
Ministers of Finance of Hungary (since 1848)
Revolution of 1848
Kingdom of Hungary
Transition period
Regency
Transition period
Communist Hungary
Republic of Hungary
Categories: