| Revision as of 12:40, 8 June 2007 editOmegatron (talk | contribs)Administrators35,798 edits →Criticism: and this is more weasel-worded, unsourced nonsense← Previous edit |
Latest revision as of 10:32, 18 May 2024 edit undoCBDunkerson (talk | contribs)Administrators15,422 editsm Removed protection from "HHO gas": Indefinite protection not required |
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'''This article is being considered for deletion''' for the 4th time in accordance with Misplaced Pages's ].<br /> |
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Please share your thoughts on the matter at ''']''' on the ] page.<br /> |
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You are welcome to edit this article, but please do not blank this article or remove this notice while the discussion is in progress. For more information, particularly on merging or moving the article during the discussion, read the ].<br/> |
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''<small>Steps to ]: {{tls|afd}} • OR <nowiki>{{</nowiki>subst:afd2|pg={{PAGENAME}}|cat=|text=}} • <nowiki>{{</nowiki>subst:afd3|pg={{PAGENAME}} (4th nomination)}} </small></div> |
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{{Redirect category shell| |
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{{Infobox Pseudoscience |
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{{R to section}} |
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|name=HHO gas |
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|topics= |
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*] |
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*] |
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|claims=Process for electrolyzing water that results in a gas with properties that defy the laws of physics |
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|origyear=1997<ref> - HTA website</ref> |
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|origprop=Denny Klein |
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|currentprop= |
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*Hydrogen Technology Applications, Inc., |
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*] |
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}} |
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'''HHO''' ("Hybrid Hydrogen Oxygen") or '''Klein gas''' is a gas created by an ] process from ], which is claimed to have special properties. <ref name="US7191737">{{US patent reference |
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| number = 7191737 |
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| y = 2007 |
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| m = 03 |
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| d = 20 |
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| inventor = Dennis Klein |
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| title = Hydrogen generator for uses in a vehicle fuel system |
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}}</ref> |
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{{TOCright}} |
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'''Aquygen''' is the commercial trademark for this gas used by Hydrogen Technology Applications, Inc. (HTA), which sells gas generators for use in welding and cutting torches (a form of ]). HTA also claims that the gas is useful as a "''primary fuel source or a fuel additive", enhancing the fuel efficiency of gasoline, diesel and aircraft turbine engines''". <ref name="HTA history">{{cite web |
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| url = http://hytechapps.com/company/history |
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| title = Company: Our History |
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| accessdate = 2007-04-05 |
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| year = 2006 |
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| publisher = Hydrogen Technology Applications, Inc. |
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}}</ref> |
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] of the ] wrote a paper in the 2006 ], based on spectrometry analyses of the gas, which he claims support his ] "magnecule" theory of physics. |
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Since reputable scientists ignore these claims of special properties, defying ], they have never been discussed in ].{{weasel-inline}} The claims made by proponents lack any basis in peer-reviewed science, and may be considered ]. |
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] and others point out that the welding technique was invented decades earlier by William Rhodes and Yull Brown, and that similar dubious claims have been made about ] and ]s in the past, but have proven to be hoaxes. Water cannot be used as a fuel source; it can only be used to generate ], which functions as an ]. See ]. <ref name="Randi new">{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.randi.org/jr/2006-06/060906just.html#i3 |
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|title=That HHO idea isn't new |
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|accessdate=2007-06-05 |
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|last=Randi |
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|first=James |
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|authorlink=James Randi |
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|date=] |
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|work=Swift |
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|publisher=] |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://msgboard.snopes.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=56;t=002848;p=1 | title = Topic: Magical water fuel: A successful hoax? Or, what's the catch? | work = ] forum |date=May 13, 2006 | accessdate = 2007-03-30}}</ref> |
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== Properties == |
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Although it is formed in the same way as ] (]), and shares many identical properties, HHO is claimed by HTA and Santilli to have unusual properties that distinguish it as a unique compound. Like oxyhydrogen, HHO gas is odorless, colorless and lighter than air.<ref name="HTA science">{{cite web |
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| url = http://hytechapps.com/aquygen/science |
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| title = Aquygen: A New Kind of Gas - Key features establishing the novelty of Aquygen Gas |
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| accessdate = 2007-04-05 |
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| year = 2006 |
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| publisher = Hydrogen Technology Applications, Inc. |
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}}</ref> |
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HHO's proponents allege that: |
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*HHO gas exhibits a widely varying "energy content", and that the flame changes temperature in the presence of different materials, ranging from a relatively cold flame (259°F) in open air to over 10,000°F, "instantaneously" ] ] and melting ].<ref name="Tampa Tribune">{{cite news | first= Will| last= Rogers | title= Clearwater Man Puts Technology To Work | url= http://web.archive.org/web/20051129031102/http://tampatrib.com/MGBKD7YQIGE.html | work= Tampa Tribune | date= November 27, 2005 | accessdate= 2005-11-29 }}</ref> All normal fuels have a fixed value of energy content (Santilli measures in ]/]). |
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*HHO gas does not follow the fundamental ] for gases, changing from a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen into liquid water at 150 ].<ref name="Santilli 2006"/>, but do not bring into their theory the chemical change that this would need. |
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*HHO gas adheres anomalously to gases, liquids and solids. <ref name="Santilli 2006"/>, including to gaseous fuels (such as ], ] fuel, and others) and liquid fuels (such as ], ], ], and others). |
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] scan of ] created with a ] ] Clarus 500, by at the ], Florida, showing a peak at 5 ]. ] claims that this peak can only be explained by his "magnecule" theory.]] |
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=== Magnecules === |
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Santilli, basing his theory on claims of variable energy content and flames which can "melt instantaneously tungsten and bricks", claimed that HHO gas has a "unique structure with a chemical composition that cannot be described by modern science".<ref name="Santilli 2006">{{cite journal | last = Santilli | first = Ruggero Maria | year = 2006 | month = August | title = A new gaseous and combustible form of water | journal = ] | volume = 31 | issue = 9 | pages = pp. 1113–1128 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.11.006 | url = http://www.thejoecell.com/files/A_NEW_GASEOUS_AND_COMBUSTIBLE_FORM_OF_WATER_-_Santilli_8-04.doc | format = ] | accessdate = 2007-02-20 }}</ref> He claims that ] experiments show evidence of stable clusters composed of individual H and O atoms, their ]s H–O, and their molecules {{hydrogen|2}}, {{oxygen|2}} and ]. According to Santilli these cannot be explained by conventional ]s. He proposes, instead, that the gas contains an oxygen-hydrogen hybrid, based on a structure he names a "magnecule", in a structure which has yet to be understood.<ref>{{cite journal |
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| title = Structure and Combustion of Magnegases | journal = Hadronic Journal | issue = 27 | pages = p. 299-330 | author = R. M. Santilli, A. K. Aringazin | date = December 20, 2001 | id = {{arXiv|archive=physics|id=0112066}} |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |
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| last = Santilli | first = Ruggero Maria | date = ] | title = The Novel 'Controlled Intermediate Nuclear Fusion' and its Possible Industrial Realization as Predicted by Hadronic Mechanics and Chemistry| id = {{arxiv|archive=physics|id=0602125}} | accessdate = 2007-03-01 }} {{quote|DEFINITION: Santilli’s magnecules are stable clusters consisting of individual atoms (H, C, O, etc.), dimers (OH, CH, etc.) and ordinary molecules (CO, H2O, etc.) bonded together by opposing magnetic polarities originating from toroidal polarizations of the orbitals of atomic electrons. Numerous new substances with magnecular structures have been identified experimentally to date, among which we indicate MagneGas, MagneHydrogen, HHO, and others under industrial development. |
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}}</ref> HHO is described to have the structure (H×H)–O where “×” represents Santilli's magnecular bond and “–” the conventional molecular bond. The transition from the conventional H–O–H configuration to the new (H×H)–O species is explained as being a change of the electric polarization of water caused by the electrolyzer. These claims have not yet been verified through multiple independent research studies nor are they endorsed or held by any scientist of repute in the field. |
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== News coverage == |
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The promotion of this gas has been featured in many ] newspaper articles and television programs that did not comment on its veracity..<ref>{{cite video |
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| people = Craig Patrick reporting |
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| year = |
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| date = |
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| title = Water Power |
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| url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Rb_rDkwGnU |
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| format = Youtube video |
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| medium = Television newscast |
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| publisher = Fox 26 News |
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| location = |
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| accessdate = 2007-04-15 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite news | first= David | last= Adams | title= Florida's very own water fueled car | url= http://blogs.tampabay.com/energy/2006/10/heres_a_truly_o.html | work= St. Petersburg Times | date= October 12, 2006 | accessdate= 2007-03-01 }}</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite news | title= Water Could One Day Replace Gas | url= http://www.ksbitv.com/home/2856476.html | publisher= KSBI-TV 52 Oklahoma | date= May 23, 2006 | accessdate= 2007-03-01 }}</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite news | title= Cars Running On Water? | url= http://www.kxan.com/Global/category.asp?C=6246 | publisher= KXAN, Austin, TX | date= May 24, 2006 | accessdate= 2007-03-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first= Eric | last= Flack | title= Car Powered By Water A Reality | url= http://wave3.com/Global/story.asp?s=4934566 | publisher= Wave 3 News | date= September 6, 2006 | accessdate= 2007-03-01 }}</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite video |
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| people = |
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| year = |
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| date = |
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| title = Water-powered Car Technology Attractive to Many |
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| url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa1meqFFjjM |
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| format = ] video |
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| medium = Television newscast |
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| publisher = Wave 3 News |
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| location = Louisville, KY |
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| accessdate = 2006-06-30 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite news | first= Eric | last= Flack | title= Big Names Interested in Water Powered Car | url= http://wave3.com/Global/story.asp?s=4939560 | publisher= Wave 3 News | location = Louisville, KY| date= July 12, 2006 | accessdate= 2007-03-01 }}</ref> |
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<ref>{{cite news | first= Eric | last= Flack | title= Car Powered By Water A Reality | url= http://wave3.com/Global/story.asp?s=4934566 | publisher= Wave 3 News | location = Louisville, KY | date= September 6, 2006 | accessdate= 2007-03-01 }}</ref> |
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Hydrogen Technology Applications Inc. has donated several HHO gas generators to Kentucky universities and technical training centers during its introduction program.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.eppc.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/35AF34E9-43FC-4C10-9FC8-FA2ABFE2CCA3/0/Winter2005LAW.pdf#page=15 | pages = pg.15 | title = Gadgets and gizmos | journal = Land Air & Water, Kentucky Dept. for Environmental Protection | author = Linda Potter | date = Winter 2005 | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | oclc = 20955733 }}</ref> |
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==Criticism== |
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{{criticism-section}} |
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Despite suggestions to the contrary there exists no peer reviewed ] in reputable scientific literature ] put forward by proponents of this gas. Because of the absense of ] the propositions have not been officially refuted.{{Fact|date=June 2007}}{{weasel-inline}} |
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==See also== |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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