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{{Infobox settlement
'''Jimsar County''' ({{ug|جىمىسار ناھىيىسى|Jimisar Nahiyisi|Jimisar Nah̡iyisi}}) is a county in the ] and is under the administration of the ] in the ]. It contains an area of 8,149&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. According to the ] census, it has a population of 130,000.
| name = Jimsar County
| native_name = {{lower|0.2em|{{nobold|{{native name|zh-hans|吉木萨尔县}}}}<br/>{{native name|ug-Arab|جىمىسار ناھىيىسى}}}}
| other_name = Jimasa; Fuyuan
| settlement_type = ]
| image_skyline =
| image_map = Location of Jimsar within Xinjiang (China).png
| map_caption = Location of Jimsar County (pink) in Changji Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang (light grey)
|pushpin_map = China Xinjiang Northern#Xinjiang#China
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_label_position =
| coordinates = {{coord|43|59|N|89|04|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = ]
| subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = ]
| subdivision_type3 = Township-level divisions
| subdivision_name3 = 4 towns<br />4 townships
| seat_type = County seat
| seat = ]
| area_total_km2 = 8,140.84
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| population_total = 153,197
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_footnotes = <ref></ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| timezone = ]{{efn|Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe ] (]), 2 hours behind Beijing.}}
| utc_offset = +8
| website = {{URL|http://www.jmser.gov.cn/}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|s=吉木萨尔县
|t=吉木薩爾縣
|p=Jímùsà'ěr Xiàn
|s2=孚远县
|t2=孚遠縣
|p2=Fúyuǎn Xiàn
|xej=ݣِ‌مُ‌سَاعَر ثِیًا‎
|uig=جىمىسار ناھىيىسى
|uly=Jimisar nahiyisi
|uyy=Jimisar nah̡iyisi
|sgs=Jimisar nahiyisi
|usy=Җимисар наһийиси
|order=st
}}
'''Jimsar County''' is a county in ], ], China. It contains an area of {{convert|8149|km2|abbr=on}}. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 130,000.

Near the town of Jimsar are the ruins of the ancient city of '''Beiting''' ({{zh|c=北庭|p=Běitíng}}) or '''Ting Prefecture''' ({{zh|c=庭州|p=Tíngzhōu}}), the headquarters of the ] during the 8th century. It was later known as ] ({{zh|c=别失八里}}) and became one of the capitals of the ] and then the ].


== History == == History ==
The name Beshbalik first appears in history in the description of the events of 713 in the ] Kul Tegin inscription.<ref>Bosworth, M.S.Asimov-History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2, p.578</ref> It was one of the largest of 5 towns in the ] in ].<ref>C. E. Bosworth, M.S.Asimov-History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2, p.578, line-23</ref> In 890, the Tibetans briefly held the city in 790.<ref>Denis Sinor-The Cambridge history of early Inner Asia, Volume 1, p.319</ref> Established in 1902 as a county, it was known as Fuyuan (孚远) until 1952, when its name was changed to Jimsar. The name Beshbalik first appears in history in the description of the events of 713 in the ] ] inscription.<ref>Bosworth, M.S.Asimov-History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2, p.578</ref> It was one of the largest of five towns in the ].<ref>C. E. Bosworth, M.S.Asimov, ''History of Civilizations of Central Asia,'' Volume 4, Part 2, p.578, line-23</ref> The Tibetans briefly held the city in 790.<ref>Denis Sinor-The Cambridge history of early Inner Asia, Volume 1, p.319</ref> Established in 1902 as a county, it was known as Fuyuan (孚远) until 1952, when its name was changed to Jimsar.


The modern city Jimsar is located at 43°59'N, 89°4'East; It is a location of the Uyghur ancient southern capital Beshbalik or Beshbalyq. "Balıq" means city in Old Turkic language, so the meaning of Beshbalik/Beshbalyq is "Five cities". This city name appeared in ] record as both 五城(Wǔ Chéng, means 5 cities) or 别失八里(bié shī bā lǐ). It became the Uyghur main capital after a disastrous results of the ] attack on the Uyghur northern capital ] (''Khanbalyk'').
The modern city Jimsar is located at 43°59'N, 89°4'East, it is a location of the Uyghur ancient southern capital Beshbalik or Beshbalyk (Turkic ''Main City''), that became the Uyghur main capital after a disastrous results of the ] attack on the Uyghur northern capital ] (''Khanbalyk''). After the attack, a significant part of the Uyghur Khaganate population fled to the area of the present Jimsar County and Tarim Basin in general in 840. <ref>C. Beckwith, ''"Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present"'', Princeton University Press, 2009, pp. 148, 159</ref> The Uyghurs submitted to ] in 1207. It consisted of 5 parts: an outer town, the northern gate of the outer town, the extended town of the west, the inner town and a small settlement within the inner town. At first, the city was the political center of the Uyghur Idiquit (monarch) and his ] queen, Altalun, daughter of Genghis Khan under the ] in the first half of the 13th century.<ref>Jack Weatherford-The Secret History of the Mongol Queens</ref> Due to military struggles between the ] and the ] during the reign of ], the city was abandoned and lost its prosperity in the late 13th century.


After the attack, a significant part of the Uyghur Khaganate population fled to the area of the present Jimsar County and Tarim Basin in general in 840,<ref>C. Beckwith, ''Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present'', Princeton University Press, 2009, pp. 148, 159</ref> where they founded the ]. The Uyghurs submitted to ] in 1207. Beshbalik consisted of five parts: an outer town, the northern gate of the outer town, the extended town of the west, the inner town and a small settlement within the inner town. At first, the city was the political center of the Uyghur Idiquit (monarch) and his ] queen, Altalun, daughter of Genghis Khan under the ] in the first half of the 13th century.<ref></ref> ] were recruited into the Mongol forces with one unit called ] which was combined with "recently surrendered" soldiers, Mongols, and Chinese soldiers stationed in the area of the former ] and in Besh Balikh the Mongols established a Chinese military colony led by Chinese general Qi Kongzhi (Ch'i Kung-chih).<ref name="Rossabi1983">{{cite book|author=Morris Rossabi|title=China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNpD5UKmkswC&q=alan+guard+mongols&pg=PA255|year=1983|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04562-0|pages=255–}}</ref> Due to military struggles between the ] and the Yuan dynasty during the reign of ], the city was abandoned and lost its prosperity in the late 13th century. The '']'' records the name as both Wu-ch'eng 五城 (5 cities) and Bie-shi-ba-li 别失八里.<ref>{{cite book|title=Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia| first=E.|last=Bretschneider|year=1876|publisher=Trübner & Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R98-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA6 |pages=5–6 |access-date=1 December 2014}}{{cite book|title=Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 10 |chapter=ARTICLE IV. Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia| first=E.|last=Bretschneider|others=Contributor Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North-China Branch |year=1876|publisher=The Branch|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C4hJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA80 |pages=79–80|access-date=1 December 2014}}{{cite book|title=Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 10|chapter=ARTICLE IV. Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia| first=E.|last=Bretschneider|author2=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North China Branch, Shanghai|others=Contributor Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North-China Branch |year=1876|publisher=Kelly & Walsh.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOA5NxDIbfYC&pg=PA80 |pages=79–80|access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref>
Jimsar city was established in the south of the ruins of Beshbalik.<ref>Paul Allan Mirecki, Jason BeDuhn-
Emerging from darkness: studies in the recovery of Manichaean sources‎, p.106</ref>


Jimsar city was established in the south of the ruins of Beshbalik.<ref>Paul Allan Mirecki, ], ''Emerging from Darkness: Studies in the Recovery of Manichaean Sources,'' p. 106</ref>
==See also==
*]


==Notes== ==Subdivisions==
Jimsar County is made up of 6 ] and 3 ].
<references/>

{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:50%; border="1"
|-
! Name
! Simplified Chinese
! Hanyu Pinyin
! ] (])
! Uyghur Latin (])
! ]
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Towns'''
|----------
| ]
| {{lang|zh-hans|吉木萨尔镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Jímùsà'ěr Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|جىمسار بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|jimsar baziri}}
| 652327100
|-
| ]
| {{lang|zh-hans|三台镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Sāntái Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|سەنتەي بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|sentey baziri}}
| 652327101
|-
| ]
| {{lang|zh-hans|泉子街镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Quánzǐjiē Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|چۈەنزىگەي بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|chüenzigey baziri}}
| 652327102
|-
| ]
| {{lang|zh-hans|北庭镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Běitíng Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|بېيتىڭ بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|bëyting baziri}}
| 652327103
|-
| ]
| {{lang|zh-hans|二工镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Èrgōng Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|ئەرگۇڭ بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|Ergung baziri}}
| 652327104
|-
| ]
| {{lang|zh-hans|大有镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Dàyǒu Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|دايۇ بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|dayu baziri}}
| 652327105
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Townships'''
|----------
| ]
| {{lang|zh-hans|庆阳湖乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Qìngyánghú Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|چىڭياڭخۇ يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|chingyangxu yëzisi}}
| 652327202
|-
| ]
| {{lang|zh-hans|老台乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Lǎotái Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|لاۋتەي يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|lawtey yëzisi}}
| 652327203
|-
| ]
| {{lang|zh-hans|新地乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Xīndì Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|شىندى يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|shindi yëzisi}}
| 652327205
|-
|}

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Jimsar, elevation {{convert|743|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
|Jan record high C = 9.0 |Jan record low C = -33.7
|Feb record high C = 7.9 |Feb record low C = -31.4
|Mar record high C = 26.8 |Mar record low C = -25.7
|Apr record high C = 34.2 |Apr record low C = -8.9
|May record high C = 36.6 |May record low C = -2.0
|Jun record high C = 39.2 |Jun record low C = 4.2
|Jul record high C = 41.6 |Jul record low C = 10.3
|Aug record high C = 40.2 |Aug record low C = 4.4
|Sep record high C = 38.2 |Sep record low C = -1.6
|Oct record high C = 31.2 |Oct record low C = -10.3
|Nov record high C = 24.0 |Nov record low C = -27.3
|Dec record high C = 11.4 |Dec record low C = -33.8
|year high C = |year low C =
|year high F = |year low F =
|Jan high C = -9.0
|Feb high C = -5.0
|Mar high C = 6.4
|Apr high C = 19.4
|May high C = 25.5
|Jun high C = 30.3
|Jul high C = 31.9
|Aug high C = 30.8
|Sep high C = 25.1
|Oct high C = 15.9
|Nov high C = 3.9
|Dec high C = -6.4
|Jan mean C = -14.4
|Feb mean C = -10.3
|Mar mean C = 0.8
|Apr mean C = 12.6
|May mean C = 18.7
|Jun mean C = 23.9
|Jul mean C = 25.5
|Aug mean C = 23.9
|Sep mean C = 17.8
|Oct mean C = 9.0
|Nov mean C = -1.3
|Dec mean C = -11.3
|Jan low C = -18.1
|Feb low C = -14.3
|Mar low C = -3.5
|Apr low C = 6.8
|May low C = 12.4
|Jun low C = 17.9
|Jul low C = 19.7
|Aug low C = 17.9
|Sep low C = 11.8
|Oct low C = 4.1
|Nov low C = -5.0
|Dec low C = -14.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 7.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 7.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 10.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 15.2
|May precipitation mm = 21.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 21.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 31.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 30.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 16.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 13.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 12.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 11.4
|Jan humidity = 79
|Feb humidity = 78
|Mar humidity = 66
|Apr humidity = 43
|May humidity = 39
|Jun humidity = 39
|Jul humidity = 42
|Aug humidity = 42
|Sep humidity = 43
|Oct humidity = 55
|Nov humidity = 72
|Dec humidity = 80
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 6.5
|Feb precipitation days = 5.6
|Mar precipitation days = 4.6
|Apr precipitation days = 5.5
|May precipitation days = 5.9
|Jun precipitation days = 6.5
|Jul precipitation days = 8.1
|Aug precipitation days = 5.9
|Sep precipitation days = 4.2
|Oct precipitation days = 4.4
|Nov precipitation days = 5.8
|Dec precipitation days = 7.6
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 132.8
|Feb sun = 157.0
|Mar sun = 227.1
|Apr sun = 260.3
|May sun = 299.1
|Jun sun = 292.7
|Jul sun = 293.6
|Aug sun = 288.9
|Sep sun = 266.5
|Oct sun = 231.2
|Nov sun = 156.7
|Dec sun = 117.5
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 46
| Feb percentsun = 52
| Mar percentsun = 60
| Apr percentsun = 64
| May percentsun = 65
| Jun percentsun = 63
| Jul percentsun = 63
| Aug percentsun = 68
| Sep percentsun = 73
| Oct percentsun = 69
| Nov percentsun = 55
| Dec percentsun = 43
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 13.4
|Feb snow days = 11.4
|Mar snow days = 6.3
|Apr snow days = 2.1
|May snow days = 0.1
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0.1
|Oct snow days = 1.3
|Nov snow days = 7.3
|Dec snow days = 13.7
|year snow days =
|source 1 = ]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=] |language = zh-hans |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=] |language = zh-hans | access-date =10 October 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Notes and references==
{{Notelist}}
{{reflist}}


== References == == References ==
* ] (2009). ''Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present''. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2. * ] (2009). ''Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present''. Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-691-13589-2}}.
* Area map http://www.maplandia.com/china/xinjiang-uygur/jimsar/jimsar/ * Area map http://www.maplandia.com/china/xinjiang-uygur/jimsar/jimsar/


{{Xinjiang Administrative Divisions}} {{Xinjiang Administrative Divisions}}
{{authority control}}

{{coord|43|59|N|89|04|E|display=title}}


] ]
]

{{Xinjiang-geo-stub}}

]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 15:04, 18 May 2024

County in Xinjiang, China
Jimsar County 吉木萨尔县 (Chinese)
جىمىسار ناھىيىسى (Uyghur)Jimasa; Fuyuan
County
Location of Jimsar County (pink) in Changji Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang (light grey)Location of Jimsar County (pink) in Changji Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang (light grey)
Jimsar County is located in DzungariaJimsar CountyJimsar CountyShow map of DzungariaJimsar County is located in XinjiangJimsar CountyJimsar CountyShow map of XinjiangJimsar County is located in ChinaJimsar CountyJimsar CountyShow map of China
Coordinates: 43°59′N 89°04′E / 43.983°N 89.067°E / 43.983; 89.067
CountryChina
Autonomous regionXinjiang
Autonomous prefectureChangji
Township-level divisions4 towns
4 townships
County seatJimsar Town
Area
 • Total8,140.84 km (3,143.20 sq mi)
Population
 • Total153,197
 • Density19/km (49/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Websitewww.jmser.gov.cn
Jimsar County
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese吉木萨尔县
Traditional Chinese吉木薩爾縣
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinJímùsà'ěr Xiàn
other Mandarin
Xiao'erjing Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 68) (help)
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese孚远县
Traditional Chinese孚遠縣
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinFúyuǎn Xiàn
Uyghur name
Uyghurجىمىسار ناھىيىسى‎
Transcriptions
Latin YëziqiJimisar nahiyisi
Yengi YeziⱪJimisar nah̡iyisi
SASM/GNCJimisar nahiyisi
Siril YëziqiҖимисар наһийиси

Jimsar County is a county in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It contains an area of 8,149 km (3,146 sq mi). According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 130,000.

Near the town of Jimsar are the ruins of the ancient city of Beiting (Chinese: 北庭; pinyin: Běitíng) or Ting Prefecture (Chinese: 庭州; pinyin: Tíngzhōu), the headquarters of the Beiting Protectorate during the 8th century. It was later known as Beshbalik (Chinese: 别失八里) and became one of the capitals of the Uyghur Khaganate and then the Kingdom of Qocho.

History

The name Beshbalik first appears in history in the description of the events of 713 in the Turkic Kul Tigin inscription. It was one of the largest of five towns in the Uyghur Khaganate. The Tibetans briefly held the city in 790. Established in 1902 as a county, it was known as Fuyuan (孚远) until 1952, when its name was changed to Jimsar.

The modern city Jimsar is located at 43°59'N, 89°4'East; It is a location of the Uyghur ancient southern capital Beshbalik or Beshbalyq. "Balıq" means city in Old Turkic language, so the meaning of Beshbalik/Beshbalyq is "Five cities". This city name appeared in Yuan dynasty record as both 五城(Wǔ Chéng, means 5 cities) or 别失八里(bié shī bā lǐ). It became the Uyghur main capital after a disastrous results of the Yenisei Kirghiz attack on the Uyghur northern capital Karabalgasun (Khanbalyk).

After the attack, a significant part of the Uyghur Khaganate population fled to the area of the present Jimsar County and Tarim Basin in general in 840, where they founded the Kingdom of Qocho. The Uyghurs submitted to Genghis Khan in 1207. Beshbalik consisted of five parts: an outer town, the northern gate of the outer town, the extended town of the west, the inner town and a small settlement within the inner town. At first, the city was the political center of the Uyghur Idiquit (monarch) and his Mongol queen, Altalun, daughter of Genghis Khan under the Mongol Empire in the first half of the 13th century. Alans were recruited into the Mongol forces with one unit called "Right Alan Guard" which was combined with "recently surrendered" soldiers, Mongols, and Chinese soldiers stationed in the area of the former Kingdom of Qocho and in Besh Balikh the Mongols established a Chinese military colony led by Chinese general Qi Kongzhi (Ch'i Kung-chih). Due to military struggles between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty during the reign of Kublai Khan, the city was abandoned and lost its prosperity in the late 13th century. The History of Yuan records the name as both Wu-ch'eng 五城 (5 cities) and Bie-shi-ba-li 别失八里.

Jimsar city was established in the south of the ruins of Beshbalik.

Subdivisions

Jimsar County is made up of 6 towns and 3 townships.

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur (UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Administrative division code
Towns
Jimsar Town 吉木萨尔镇 Jímùsà'ěr Zhèn جىمسار بازىرى jimsar baziri 652327100
Santai Town 三台镇 Sāntái Zhèn سەنتەي بازىرى sentey baziri 652327101
Quanzijie Town 泉子街镇 Quánzǐjiē Zhèn چۈەنزىگەي بازىرى chüenzigey baziri 652327102
Beiting Town 北庭镇 Běitíng Zhèn بېيتىڭ بازىرى bëyting baziri 652327103
Ergong Town 二工镇 Èrgōng Zhèn ئەرگۇڭ بازىرى Ergung baziri 652327104
Dayou Town 大有镇 Dàyǒu Zhèn دايۇ بازىرى dayu baziri 652327105
Townships
Qingyanghu Township 庆阳湖乡 Qìngyánghú Xiāng چىڭياڭخۇ يېزىسى chingyangxu yëzisi 652327202
Laotai Township 老台乡 Lǎotái Xiāng لاۋتەي يېزىسى lawtey yëzisi 652327203
Xindi Township 新地乡 Xīndì Xiāng شىندى يېزىسى shindi yëzisi 652327205

Climate

Climate data for Jimsar, elevation 743 m (2,438 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.0
(48.2) 		7.9
(46.2) 		26.8
(80.2) 		34.2
(93.6) 		36.6
(97.9) 		39.2
(102.6) 		41.6
(106.9) 		40.2
(104.4) 		38.2
(100.8) 		31.2
(88.2) 		24.0
(75.2) 		11.4
(52.5) 		41.6
(106.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −9.0
(15.8) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		6.4
(43.5) 		19.4
(66.9) 		25.5
(77.9) 		30.3
(86.5) 		31.9
(89.4) 		30.8
(87.4) 		25.1
(77.2) 		15.9
(60.6) 		3.9
(39.0) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		14.1
(57.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −14.4
(6.1) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		0.8
(33.4) 		12.6
(54.7) 		18.7
(65.7) 		23.9
(75.0) 		25.5
(77.9) 		23.9
(75.0) 		17.8
(64.0) 		9.0
(48.2) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−11.3
(11.7) 		7.9
(46.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −18.1
(−0.6) 		−14.3
(6.3) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		6.8
(44.2) 		12.4
(54.3) 		17.9
(64.2) 		19.7
(67.5) 		17.9
(64.2) 		11.8
(53.2) 		4.1
(39.4) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−14.7
(5.5) 		2.9
(37.2)
Record low °C (°F) −33.7
(−28.7) 		−31.4
(−24.5) 		−25.7
(−14.3) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		4.2
(39.6) 		10.3
(50.5) 		4.4
(39.9) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		−27.3
(−17.1) 		−33.8
(−28.8) 		−33.8
(−28.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 7.1
(0.28) 		7.0
(0.28) 		10.6
(0.42) 		15.2
(0.60) 		21.0
(0.83) 		21.5
(0.85) 		31.5
(1.24) 		30.3
(1.19) 		16.5
(0.65) 		13.2
(0.52) 		12.9
(0.51) 		11.4
(0.45) 		198.2
(7.82)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 6.5 5.6 4.6 5.5 5.9 6.5 8.1 5.9 4.2 4.4 5.8 7.6 70.6
Average snowy days 13.4 11.4 6.3 2.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 1.3 7.3 13.7 55.7
Average relative humidity (%) 79 78 66 43 39 39 42 42 43 55 72 80 57
Mean monthly sunshine hours 132.8 157.0 227.1 260.3 299.1 292.7 293.6 288.9 266.5 231.2 156.7 117.5 2,723.4
Percent possible sunshine 46 52 60 64 65 63 63 68 73 69 55 43 60
Source: China Meteorological Administration

Notes and references

  1. Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
  1. Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  2. Bosworth, M.S.Asimov-History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2, p.578
  3. C. E. Bosworth, M.S.Asimov, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2, p.578, line-23
  4. Denis Sinor-The Cambridge history of early Inner Asia, Volume 1, p.319
  5. C. Beckwith, Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, Princeton University Press, 2009, pp. 148, 159
  6. Jack Weatherford, The Secret History of the Mongol Queens
  7. Morris Rossabi (1983). China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries. University of California Press. pp. 255–. ISBN 978-0-520-04562-0.
  8. Bretschneider, E. (1876). Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia. Trübner & Company. pp. 5–6. Retrieved 1 December 2014.Bretschneider, E. (1876). "ARTICLE IV. Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia". Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 10. Contributor Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North-China Branch. The Branch. pp. 79–80. Retrieved 1 December 2014.Bretschneider, E.; Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North China Branch, Shanghai (1876). "ARTICLE IV. Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia". Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 10. Contributor Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North-China Branch. Kelly & Walsh. pp. 79–80. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  9. Paul Allan Mirecki, Jason BeDuhn, Emerging from Darkness: Studies in the Recovery of Manichaean Sources, p. 106
  10. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  11. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.

References

County-level divisions of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
Ürümqi (capital)
Prefecture-level cities
Ürümqi
Karamay
Turpan
Kumul / Hami
Sub-provincial
autonomous prefecture
Ili Kazakh
Tacheng
Altay
Prefectures
Aksu
Kashgar / Kashi
Hotan / Hetian
Autonomous
prefectures
Changji Hui
Bortala Mongol
Bayingholin Mongol
Kizilsu Kyrgyz
XPCC administered
County-level cities
  • Tacheng and Altay are prefectures within and under the administration of the Ili Prefecture.
Ethnic minority autonomous areas
Dong
Hui
Korean
Manchu
Miao
Mongol
Tibetan
Tujia
Uyghur
Yao
Yi
Zhuang
Others
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