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| {{ |
{{Short description|UNGA resolution adopted in 1975, revoked in 1991}} | ||
| {{over-quotation|date=January 2019}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}} | ||
| {{pp-30-500|small=yes}} | {{pp-30-500|small=yes}} | ||
| Line 10: | Line 9: | ||
| |meeting = 2400 | |meeting = 2400 | ||
| |code = A/RES/3379 | |code = A/RES/3379 | ||
| |document = https:// |
|document = https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-181963/ | ||
| |for = 72 | |for = 72 | ||
| |abstention = 32 | |abstention = 32 | ||
| |against = 35 | |against = 35 | ||
| |subject = Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination | |subject = Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination | ||
| |result = Adopted |
|result = Adopted, but revoked on 16 December 1991 | ||
| |image = A forest of national flags welcomed a delegation of US Senators who came to Israel (FL62043414).jpg | |||
| ⚫ | |image = | ||
| |caption = | |caption = Flag of Israel | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379''', adopted on 10 November 1975, "''Determines'' that ] is a form of ] and ]" with 72 votes in favour, 35 votes against, and 32 abstentions. It was revoked by ], adopted on 16 December 1991 with 111 votes in favour, 25 votes against, and 13 abstentions.<ref name="NYT: U.N. Repeals Its '75 Resolution Equating Zionism With Racism">{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Paul |date=17 December 1991 |title=U.N. Repeals Its '75 Resolution Equating Zionism With Racism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/17/world/un-repeals-its-75-resolution-equating-zionism-with-racism.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111211632/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/17/world/un-repeals-its-75-resolution-equating-zionism-with-racism.html |archive-date=11 January 2013 |access-date=11 May 2013 |work=]}}</ref> The vote for Resolution 3379 was held nearly one year after the adoption of ] and : the former recognized the "]" and invited the ] (PLO) to participate in international diplomacy; and the latter designated the PLO as a ] following the "]" by Palestinian political leader ]. | |||
| '''United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379''', adopted on 10 November 1975 by a vote of 72 to 35 (with 32 abstentions), "determine that ] is a form of ] and racial discrimination". The vote took place approximately one year after UNGA 3237 granted the ] ] status, following PLO president ]'s "olive branch" speech to the General Assembly in November 1974. The resolution was passed with the support of the ], in addition to the Arab- and Muslim-majority countries, many African countries, and a few others. | |||
| In the context of the ], adopted on 10 November 1963, Resolution 3379 officially condemned the national ideology of the ]. It was sponsored by the ] and a number of ], and was chiefly supported by in-favour votes from the ] and many ]. Israel, which had been granted ] in 1949, voted against Resolution 3379 and subsequently condemned it, and was chiefly supported by the ]. | |||
| The determination that "Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination", contained in the resolution, was revoked in 1991 with ].<ref name="NYT: U.N. Repeals Its '75 Resolution Equating Zionism With Racism"/> | |||
| == Background == | == Background == | ||
| {{Main|List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel}} | {{Main|List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel}} | ||
| ⚫ | In July 1920, at the ], a ]. The preamble of the mandate document declared: | ||
| === Jewish nationalism in Palestine === | |||
| ⚫ | In July 1920, at the ], a ]. The preamble of the mandate document declared: | ||
| <blockquote>Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have also agreed that the Mandatory should be responsible for putting into effect the ], by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and adopted by the said Powers, in favour of the establishment in Palestine of a ], it being clearly understood that nothing should be done which might prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.<ref name="AvalonPalmanda">{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/palmanda.asp|title=The Avalon Project : The Palestine Mandate|access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> </blockquote> | <blockquote>Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have also agreed that the Mandatory should be responsible for putting into effect the ], by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and adopted by the said Powers, in favour of the establishment in Palestine of a ], it being clearly understood that nothing should be done which might prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.<ref name="AvalonPalmanda">{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/palmanda.asp|title=The Avalon Project : The Palestine Mandate|access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> </blockquote> | ||
| === UN Partition Plan for Palestine === | |||
| On 29 November 1947, the ] adopted a resolution recommending "to the United Kingdom, as the mandatory Power for Palestine, and to all other Members of the United Nations the adoption and implementation, with regard to the future government of Palestine, of the Plan of Partition with Economic Union" as ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel |url= |
On 29 November 1947, the ] adopted a resolution recommending "to the United Kingdom, as the mandatory Power for Palestine, and to all other Members of the United Nations the adoption and implementation, with regard to the future government of Palestine, of the Plan of Partition with Economic Union" as ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel |url=http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/7f0af2bd897689b785256c330061d253 |date=29 November 1947 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=11 January 2012 |archive-date=24 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524094913/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/7f0af2bd897689b785256c330061d253 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The plan contained a proposal to terminate the ] and partition Palestine into "independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem." On 14 May 1948, the day on which the British Mandate over Palestine expired, the ] gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and approved a proclamation which declared ''] of a ] in ], to be known as the ]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Establishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm|title=Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel|work=GxMSDev|access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> | ||
| On 11 May 1949, Israel was admitted to membership in the United Nations.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615041505/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/83E8C29DB812A4E9852560E50067A5AC |date=15 June 2013}}</ref> | On 11 May 1949, Israel was admitted to membership in the United Nations.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615041505/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/83E8C29DB812A4E9852560E50067A5AC |date=15 June 2013}}</ref> | ||
| == |
== Text of Resolution 3379 == | ||
| The full text of Resolution 3379:<ref>Resolution 3379: {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206052903/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/761C1063530766A7052566A2005B74D1 |date=6 December 2012}}. UNGA, 10 November 1975 (doc.nr. A/RES/3379 (XXX))</ref> | The full text of Resolution 3379:<ref>Resolution 3379: {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206052903/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/761C1063530766A7052566A2005B74D1 |date=6 December 2012}}. UNGA, 10 November 1975 (doc.nr. A/RES/3379 (XXX))</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination: Zionism as racism - GA resolution |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-181963/ |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=Question of Palestine |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
| {{ |
{{blockquote| | ||
| '''3379 (XXX). Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination''' | '''3379 (XXX). Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination''' | ||
| Line 46: | Line 48: | ||
| ''Recalling also'' that, in its resolution 3151 G (XXVIII) of 14 December 1973, the General Assembly condemned, ''inter alia'', the ] between South African racism and zionism, | ''Recalling also'' that, in its resolution 3151 G (XXVIII) of 14 December 1973, the General Assembly condemned, ''inter alia'', the ] between South African racism and zionism, | ||
| ''Taking note'' of the Declaration of Mexico on the Equality of Women and Their Contribution to Development and Peace 1975, proclaimed by the World Conference of the ], held at ] from 19 June to 2 July 1975, which promulgated the principle that "international co-operation and peace require the achievement of national liberation and independence, the elimination of ] and ], foreign occupation, zionism, '']'' and racial discrimination in all its forms, as well as the recognition of the dignity of peoples and their right to self-determination", | ''Taking note'' of the ] 1975, proclaimed by the World Conference of the ], held at ] from 19 June to 2 July 1975, which promulgated the principle that "international co-operation and peace require the achievement of national liberation and independence, the elimination of ] and ], ], zionism, '']'' and ] in all its forms, as well as the recognition of the dignity of peoples and their right to self-determination", | ||
| ''Taking note also'' of resolution 77 (XII) adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the ] at its twelfth ordinary session, held at ] from 28 July to 1 August 1975, which considered "that the racist regime in ] and the racist regime in ] and ] have a common ] origin, forming a whole and having the same racist structure and being organically linked in their policy aimed at repression of the dignity and integrity of the human being", | ''Taking note also'' of resolution 77 (XII) adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the ] at its twelfth ordinary session, held at ] from 28 July to 1 August 1975, which considered "that the racist regime in ] and the racist regime in ] and ] have a common ] origin, forming a whole and having the same racist structure and being organically linked in their policy aimed at repression of the dignity and integrity of the human being", | ||
| ''Taking note also'' of the Political Declaration and Strategy to Strengthen International Peace and Security and to Intensify Solidarity and Mutual Assistance among Non-Aligned Countries, adopted at the Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of ] held at ] from 25 to 30 August 1975, which most severely condemned zionism as a threat to world peace and security and called upon all countries to oppose this racist and imperialist ideology, | ''Taking note also'' of the Political Declaration and Strategy to Strengthen International Peace and Security and to Intensify Solidarity and Mutual Assistance among Non-Aligned Countries, adopted at the Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of ] held at ] from 25 to 30 August 1975, which most severely condemned zionism as a threat to world peace and security and called upon all countries to oppose this racist and imperialist ideology, | ||
| Line 55: | Line 57: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ⚫ | == Votes of Resolution 3379 == | ||
| ⚫ | == Response == | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ⚫ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| ⚫ | ! '''In favour (72)'''<br />'''''25 states sponsoring''''' !! '''Abstaining (32)''' !! '''Against (35)''' | ||
| ⚫ | |- style="vertical-align: top;" | ||
| ⚫ | | | ||
| ⚫ | {| <!-- Nested table --> | ||
| ⚫ | |- style="vertical-align: top;" | ||
| ⚫ | | ''{{flagdeco|Afghanistan|1974}} ]''<br />{{flagcountry|People's Socialist Republic of Albania}}<br />''{{flag|Algeria}}''<br />''{{flagdeco|Bahrain}} ]''<br />{{flag|Bangladesh}}<br />{{flagdeco|Brazil|1968}} ]<br />{{flagcountry|People's Republic of Bulgaria}}<br />{{flag|Burundi}}<br />{{flag|Byelorussian SSR}}<br />{{flag|Cameroon}}<br />{{flag|Cape Verde|1975}}<br />{{flag|Chad}}<br />{{flag|China}}<br />{{flagcountry|People's Republic of the Congo|name=Congo}}<br />''{{flag|Cuba}}''<br />{{flag|Cyprus|1960}}<br />{{flagcountry|Czechoslovak Socialist Republic}}<br />''{{flag|Dahomey}}''<br />''{{flag|South Yemen}}''<br />''{{flag|Egypt|1972}}''<br />{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}<br />{{flag|The Gambia}}<br />{{flag|German Democratic Republic|name=East Germany}}<br />{{flag|Grenada}}<br />''{{flag|Guinea}}''<br />{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}<br />{{flag|Guyana}}<br />{{flagcountry|Hungarian People's Republic}}<br />{{flag|India}}<br />{{flag|Indonesia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Pahlavi dynasty}}<br />''{{flagcountry|Ba'athist Iraq|1968}}''<br />''{{flag|Jordan}}''<br />{{flagdeco|Cambodia}} ]<br />''{{flag|Kuwait}}''<br />{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Laos}}<br />''{{flag|Lebanon}}'' | ||
| ⚫ | |''{{flagdeco|Libya|1972}} ]''<br />{{flagdeco|Madagascar}} ]<br />{{flag|Malaysia}}<br />{{flag|Maldives}}<br />{{flag|Mali}}<br />{{flag|Malta}}<br />''{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}''<br />{{flag|Mexico}}<br />{{flagcountry|Mongolian People's Republic}}<br />''{{flag|Morocco}}''<br />{{flagdeco|Mozambique|1975}} ]<br />{{flag|Niger}}<br />{{flag|Nigeria}}<br />''{{flag|Oman|1970}}''<br />{{flag|Pakistan}}<br />{{flagcountry|Polish People's Republic|1928}}<br />{{flag|Portugal}}<br />''{{flag|Qatar}}''<br />{{flag|Rwanda|1962}}<br />{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}<br />''{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}''<br />{{flag|Senegal}}<br />''{{flagdeco|Somalia}} ]''<br />{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}<br />{{flag|Sri Lanka}}<br />''{{flagdeco|Sudan}} ]''<br />''{{flag|Syrian Arab Republic|1972|name=Syria}}''<br />''{{flag|Tunisia}}''<br />{{flag|Turkey}}<br />{{flag|Uganda}}<br />{{flag|Ukrainian SSR}}<br />''{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}''<br />{{flag|United Republic of Tanzania|name=Tanzania}}<br />''{{flag|Yemen Arab Republic|name=Yemen}}''<br />{{flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} | ||
| ⚫ | |} <!-- End of nested table --> | ||
| ⚫ | | {{flag|Argentina}}<br />{{flag|Bhutan}}<br />{{flag|Bolivia}}<br />{{flag|Botswana}}<br />{{flagdeco|Burma|1974}} ]<br />{{flagdeco|Chile}} ]<br />{{flag|Colombia}}<br />{{flag|Ecuador|1900}}<br />{{flagdeco|Ethiopia|1975}} ]<br />{{flag|Gabon}}<br />{{flag|Ghana}}<br />{{flag|Greece}}<br />{{flag|Guatemala}}<br />{{flag|Jamaica}}<br />{{flag|Japan|1870}}<br />{{flag|Kenya}}<br />{{flag|Lesotho|1966}}<br />{{flagdeco|Mauritius}} ]<br />{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Nepal}}<br />{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}<br />{{flag|Paraguay|1954}}<br />{{flag|Peru}}<br />{{flagdeco|Philippines|1936}} ]<br />{{flag|Sierra Leone}}<br />{{flag|Singapore}}<br />{{flags|Thailand_(1917-2017)|link=|size=23px}} ]<br />{{flag|Togo}}<br />{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}<br />{{flag|Upper Volta}}<br />{{flagdeco|Venezuela|1954}} ]<br />{{flag|Zaire}}<br />{{flag|Zambia|1964}} | ||
| ⚫ | | {{flag|Australia}}<br />{{flag|Austria}}<br />{{flag|Bahamas}}<br />{{flag|Barbados}}<br />{{flag|Belgium}}<br />{{flag|Canada}}<br />{{flag|Central African Republic}}<br />{{flag|Costa Rica}}<br />{{flag|Denmark}}<br />{{flag|Dominican Republic}}<br />{{flag|El Salvador}}<br />{{flag|Fiji}}<br />{{flag|Finland}}<br />{{flag|France}}<br />{{flag|West Germany}}<br />{{flagdeco|Haiti|1964}} ]<br />{{flag|Honduras|1949}}<br />{{flag|Iceland}}<br />{{flag|Ireland}}<br />{{flag|Israel}}<br />{{flags|Italy (1946–2003)|link=|size=23px}} ]<br />{{flag|Ivory Coast}}<br />{{flag|Liberia}}<br />{{flag|Luxembourg}}<br />{{flag|Malawi}}<br />{{flag|Netherlands}}<br />{{flag|New Zealand}}<br />{{flag|Nicaragua}}<br />{{flag|Norway}}<br />{{flag|Panama}}<br />{{flag|Swaziland}}<br />{{flag|Sweden}}<br />{{flag|United Kingdom}}<br />{{flag|United States|1960}}<br />{{flag|Uruguay}} | ||
| ⚫ | |- style="text-align: center;" | ||
| ⚫ | |colspan=3| Source: United Nations Bibliographic Information System<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=108V0691N26Y9.82&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=50&ipp=20&profile=voting&ri=&index=.VM&term=A/RES/3379%28XXX%29|title=UNBISnet|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=31 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231132408/http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=108V0691N26Y9.82&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=50&ipp=20&profile=voting&ri=&index=.VM&term=A/RES/3379(XXX)|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | |} | ||
| ⚫ | == Response == | ||
| === Israel === | === Israel === | ||
| {{See also|Israel and the United Nations}} | {{See also|Israel and the United Nations}} | ||
| Line 62: | Line 81: | ||
| <!--these quotes are moved from the "Zionism and Racism"-article--> | <!--these quotes are moved from the "Zionism and Racism"-article--> | ||
| In his address to the ] the same day, 10 November 1975, Israeli Ambassador ] stated:<ref name="Blaisdell2014">{{cite book|last=Blaisdell|first=Bob|title=Great Speeches of the 20th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qxNeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163|access-date=9 November 2017|date=18 August 2014|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=9780486315560|page=163}}</ref> | In his address to the ] the same day, 10 November 1975, Israeli Ambassador ] stated:<ref name="Blaisdell2014">{{cite book|last=Blaisdell|first=Bob|title=Great Speeches of the 20th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qxNeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163|access-date=9 November 2017|date=18 August 2014|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=9780486315560|page=163}}</ref> | ||
| {{ |
{{Blockquote|"I can point with pride to the Arab ministers who have served in my government; to the Arab deputy speaker of my Parliament; to Arab officers and men serving of their own volition in our border and police defense forces, frequently commanding Jewish troops; to the hundreds of thousands of Arabs from all over the Middle East crowding the cities of Israel every year; to the thousands of Arabs from all over the Middle East coming for medical treatment to Israel; to the peaceful coexistence which has developed; to the fact that Arabic is an official language in Israel on a par with Hebrew; to the fact that it is as natural for an Arab to serve in public office in Israel as it is incongruous to think of a Jew serving in any public office in an Arab country, indeed being admitted to many of them. Is that racism? It is not! That ... is Zionism."}} | ||
| Herzog ended his statement, while holding a copy of the resolution, with these words: {{ |
Herzog ended his statement, while holding a copy of the resolution, with these words: {{Blockquote|"For us, the Jewish people, this resolution based on hatred, falsehood and arrogance, is devoid of any moral or legal value. For us, the Jewish people, this is no more than a piece of paper and we shall treat it as such."}} As he concluded his speech, Herzog tore the resolution in half. | ||
| The name of |
The name of the "UN Avenue" in Haifa, Jerusalem and Tel Aviv was switched to the "Zionism Avenue" as a response to the UN's decision.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Forms/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A%20%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA%20-%20%D7%93%20-%20%D7%94.pdf|title=Tel Aviv-Jaffa Streets Guide|last=פדן|first=יחיעם|year=2005|pages=158}}</ref> | ||
| === United States === | === United States === | ||
| Line 73: | Line 92: | ||
| In ], in the ], a group of high school students attempted to solicit signatures on the premises of a local shopping center for a petition against Resolution 3379. The result was the landmark ] decision in '']'' (1980) that supported states' rights to expand the exercise of free speech, which California held was legal in what were considered public areas of a shopping mall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/447/74|title=Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins|work=LII / Legal Information Institute|access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> | In ], in the ], a group of high school students attempted to solicit signatures on the premises of a local shopping center for a petition against Resolution 3379. The result was the landmark ] decision in '']'' (1980) that supported states' rights to expand the exercise of free speech, which California held was legal in what were considered public areas of a shopping mall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/447/74|title=Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins|work=LII / Legal Information Institute|access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> | ||
| Mexico's vote in favor of the resolution led some United States Jews to organize a tourism boycott of Mexico. This ended after Mexican foreign minister ] made a trip to Israel (Rabasa shortly afterward was forced to resign).<ref> |
Mexico's vote in favor of the resolution led some United States Jews to organize a tourism boycott of Mexico. This ended after Mexican foreign minister ] made a trip to Israel (Rabasa shortly afterward was forced to resign).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ottix.net/~nagual/amate.html |title=Mexican Heritage Almanac |access-date=10 September 2012 |archive-date=5 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705171651/http://www.ottix.net/~nagual/amate.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tau.ac.il/eial/VIII_2/cimet.htm|title=Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe|access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | == Revocation == | ||
| ⚫ | == |
||
| {{Infobox UN resolution | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| |number = 46/86 | |||
| |organ = GA | |||
| |date = 16 December | |||
| |year = 1991 | |||
| |meeting = 74 | |||
| |code = A/RES/46/86 | |||
| |document = https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-180327/ | |||
| |for = 111 | |||
| |abstention = 13 | |||
| |against = 25 | |||
| |subject = Elimination of racism and racial discrimination | |||
| |result = Adopted | |||
| ⚫ | |image = | ||
| |caption = | |||
| }} | |||
| '''United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86''', adopted on 16 December 1991, revoked Resolution 3379's designation of Zionism as a form of racism and racial discrimination.<ref name="NYT: U.N. Repeals Its '75 Resolution Equating Zionism With Racism" /> Israel had made the revocation a condition for its participation in the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=260 General Assembly Resolution 46-86- Revocation of Resolution 3379- 16 December 1991- and statement by President Herzog |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/mfadocuments/yearbook8/pages/260%20general%20assembly%20resolution%2046-86-%20revocation.aspx |access-date=17 April 2016 |work=GxMSDev}}</ref> The vote on Resolution 46/86 was held shortly after the ] with sponsorship by 88 countries, including the overwhelming majority of both the ] and the ], and was chiefly supported by many ]. The ], most ], and four other countries (], ], ], and ]) voted against it. | |||
| In total, the motion to revoke Resolution 3379 received 111 votes in favour, 25 votes against, and 13 abstentions. | |||
| ⚫ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| ⚫ | ! '''In favour (72)'''<br>'''''25 states sponsoring''''' !! '''Abstaining (32)''' !! '''Against (35)''' | ||
| ⚫ | |- style="vertical-align: top;" | ||
| ⚫ | | | ||
| ⚫ | {| <!-- Nested table --> | ||
| ⚫ | |- style="vertical-align: top;" | ||
| ⚫ | | ''{{flagdeco|Afghanistan|1974}} ]''<br>{{flagcountry|People's Socialist Republic of Albania}}<br>''{{flag|Algeria}}''<br>''{{flagdeco|Bahrain}} ]''<br>{{flag|Bangladesh}}<br>{{flagdeco|Brazil|1968}} ]<br>{{flagcountry|People's Republic of Bulgaria}}<br>{{flag|Burundi}}<br>{{flag|Byelorussian SSR}}< |
||
| ⚫ | |''{{flagdeco|Libya|1972}} ]''<br>{{flagdeco|Madagascar}} ]<br>{{flag|Malaysia}}<br>{{flag|Maldives}}<br>{{flag|Mali}}<br>{{flag|Malta}}<br>''{{flag|Mauritania|1959}}''<br>{{flag|Mexico}}<br>{{flagcountry|Mongolian People's Republic}}<br>''{{flag|Morocco}}''<br>{{flagdeco|Mozambique|1975}} ]<br>{{flag|Niger}}<br>{{flag|Nigeria}}<br>''{{flag|Oman|1970}}''<br>{{flag|Pakistan}}<br>{{flagcountry|Polish People's Republic|1928}}<br>{{flag|Portugal}}<br>''{{flag|Qatar}}''<br>{{flag|Rwanda|1962}}<br>{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}<br>''{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}''<br>{{flag|Senegal}}<br>''{{flagdeco|Somalia}} ]''<br>{{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}<br>{{flag|Sri Lanka}}<br>''{{flagdeco|Sudan}} ]''<br>''{{flag|Syrian Arab Republic|1972|name=Syria}}''<br>''{{flag|Tunisia}}''<br>{{flag|Turkey}}<br>{{flag|Uganda}}<br>{{flag|Ukrainian SSR}}<br>''{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}''<br>{{flag|United Republic of Tanzania|name=Tanzania}}<br>''{{flag|Yemen Arab Republic|name=Yemen}}''<br>{{flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} | ||
| ⚫ | |} <!-- End of nested table --> | ||
| ⚫ | | {{flag|Argentina}}<br>{{flag|Bhutan}}<br>{{flag|Bolivia}}<br>{{flag|Botswana}}<br>{{flagdeco|Burma|1974}} ]<br>{{flagdeco|Chile}} ]<br>{{flag|Colombia}}<br>{{flag|Ecuador|1900}}<br>{{flagdeco|Ethiopia|1975}} ]<br>{{flag|Gabon}}<br>{{flag|Ghana}}<br>{{flag|Greece}}<br>{{flag|Guatemala}}<br>{{flag|Jamaica}}<br>{{flag|Japan|1870}}<br>{{flag|Kenya}}<br>{{flag|Lesotho|1966}}<br>{{flagdeco|Mauritius}} ]<br>{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Nepal}}<br>{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}<br>{{flag|Paraguay|1954}}<br>{{flag|Peru}}<br>{{flagdeco|Philippines|1936}} ]<br>{{flag|Sierra Leone}}<br>{{flag|Singapore}}<br>{{flags|Thailand_(1917-2017)|link=|size=23px}} ]<br>{{flag|Togo}}<br>{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}<br>{{flag|Upper Volta}}<br>{{flagdeco|Venezuela|1954}} ]<br>{{flag|Zaire}}<br>{{flag|Zambia|1964}} | ||
| ⚫ | | {{flag|Australia}}<br>{{flag|Austria}}<br>{{flag|Bahamas}}<br>{{flag|Barbados}}<br>{{flag|Belgium}}<br>{{flag|Canada}}<br>{{flag|Central African Republic}}<br>{{flag|Costa Rica}}<br>{{flag|Denmark}}<br>{{flag|Dominican Republic}}<br>{{flag|El Salvador}}<br>{{flag|Fiji}}<br>{{flag|Finland}}<br>{{flag|France}}<br>{{flag|West Germany}}<br>{{flagdeco|Haiti|1964}} ]<br>{{flag|Honduras}}<br>{{flag|Iceland}}<br>{{flag|Ireland}}<br>{{flag|Israel}}<br>{{flags|Italy (1946–2003)|link=|size=23px}} ]<br>{{flag|Ivory Coast}}<br>{{flag|Liberia}}<br>{{flag|Luxembourg}}<br>{{flag|Malawi}}<br>{{flag|Netherlands}}<br>{{flag|New Zealand}}<br>{{flag|Nicaragua}}<br>{{flag|Norway}}<br>{{flag|Panama}}<br>{{flag|Swaziland}}<br>{{flag|Sweden}}<br>{{flag|United Kingdom}}<br>{{flag|United States|1960}}<br>{{flag|Uruguay}} | ||
| ⚫ | |- style="text-align: center;" | ||
| ⚫ | |colspan=3| Source: United Nations Bibliographic Information System<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=108V0691N26Y9.82&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=50&ipp=20&profile=voting&ri=&index=.VM&term=A/RES/3379%28XXX%29|title=UNBISnet|access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | |} | ||
| === Motion by the United States === | |||
| ⚫ | == Revocation == | ||
| ⚫ | Resolution 46/86 was raised under pressure from the United States,<ref name="presidency.ucsb.edu">. 23 September 1991. The American Presidency Project</ref> and American president ] personally introduced the motion to revoke Resolution 3379 with the following statement: | ||
| '''] ] 46/86''', adopted on 16 December 1991, revoked the determination in Resolution 3379, which had called Zionism a form of racism.<ref name="NYT: U.N. Repeals Its '75 Resolution Equating Zionism With Racism">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/17/world/un-repeals-its-75-resolution-equating-zionism-with-racism.html |title=U.N. Repeals Its '75 Resolution Equating Zionism With Racism |last1=Lewis |first1=Paul |date=17 December 1991 |work=] |access-date=11 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111211632/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/17/world/un-repeals-its-75-resolution-equating-zionism-with-racism.html |archive-date=11 January 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Israel had made revocation of Resolution 3379 a condition of its participation in the ], in progress in the last quarter of 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/mfadocuments/yearbook8/pages/260%20general%20assembly%20resolution%2046-86-%20revocation.aspx|title=260 General Assembly Resolution 46-86- Revocation of Resolution 3379- 16 December 1991- and statement by President Herzog|work=GxMSDev|access-date=17 April 2016}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | {{blockquote|UNGA Resolution 3379, the so-called "Zionism is racism" resolution, mocks this pledge and the principles upon which the United Nations was founded. And I call now for its repeal. Zionism is not a policy; it is the idea that led to the creation of a home for the Jewish people, to the State of Israel. And to equate Zionism with the intolerable sin of racism is to twist history and forget the terrible plight of Jews in World War II and, indeed, throughout history. To equate Zionism with racism is to reject Israel itself, a member of good standing of the United Nations. | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | This body cannot claim to seek peace and at the same time challenge Israel's ]. By repealing this resolution unconditionally, the United Nations will enhance its credibility and serve the cause of peace.<ref name="presidency.ucsb.edu"/>}} | ||
| ⚫ | "The General Assembly |
||
| ⚫ | === Text of Resolution 46/86 === | ||
| The motion was supported by 111 (including the 90 nations who sponsored the resolution), opposed by 25 nations and abstained by 13 nations. | |||
| The full text of the revocation was simply:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-07 |title=A/RES/46/86 of 16 December 1991 |url=http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/0aea0b9fe5c99b0885256a9b0061300c?OpenDocument |access-date=2023-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207090812/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/0aea0b9fe5c99b0885256a9b0061300c?OpenDocument |archive-date=7 December 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Racism and racial discrimination/Revocation of resolution 3379 ("Zionism as racism") - GA resolution |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-180327/ |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=Question of Palestine |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | "The General Assembly decides to revoke the determination contained in its resolution 3379 (XXX) of 10 November 1975." | ||
| ⚫ | === |
||
| === Votes of Resolution 46/86 === | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| {| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 110: | Line 135: | ||
| {| <!-- Nested table --> | {| <!-- Nested table --> | ||
| |- style="vertical-align: top;" | |- style="vertical-align: top;" | ||
| | ''{{flagcountry|People's Socialist Republic of Albania}}''<br />''{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}''<br /> ''{{flag|Argentina}}''<br />''{{flag|Australia}}''<br />''{{flag|Austria}}''<br />''{{flag|Bahamas}}''<br />''{{flag|Barbados}}''<br />''{{flag|Byelorussian SSR|1991|name=Belarus}}''<br />''{{flag|Belgium}}''<br />''{{flag|Belize}}''<br />{{flag|Benin}}<br /> {{flag|Bhutan}}<br />''{{flag|Bolivia}}''<br />{{flag|Botswana}}<br />''{{flag|Brazil}}''<br />''{{flag|Bulgaria}}''<br />''{{flag|Burundi}}''<br />{{flagdeco|Cambodia|1989}} ]<br />{{flag|Cameroon}}<br />''{{flag|Canada}}''<br />{{flag|Cape Verde|1975}}<br />''{{flag|Central African Republic}}''<br />''{{flag|Chile}}''<br />{{flag|Congo}}<br />''{{flag|Costa Rica}}''<br />{{flag|Côte d’Ivoire}}<br />''{{flag|Cyprus|1960}}''<br />''{{flagdeco|Czechoslovakia}} ]''<br />''{{flag|Denmark}}''<br />''{{flag|Dominica}}''<br />''{{flag|Dominican Republic}}''<br />''{{flag|Ecuador}}''<br />''{{flag|El Salvador}}''<br />''{{flag|Estonia}}''<br />{{flag|Fiji}}<br />''{{flag|Finland}}''<br />''{{flag|France}}''<br />{{flag|Gabon}}<br />''{{flag|The Gambia}}''<br />''{{flag|Germany}}''<br />''{{flag|Greece}}''<br />''{{flag|Grenada}}''<br />''{{flag|Guatemala}}''<br />''{{flag|Guyana}}''<br />{{flag|Haiti}}<br />''{{flag|Honduras}}''<br />''{{flag|Hungary}}''<br />''{{flag|Iceland}}''<br />{{flag|India}}<br />''{{flag|Ireland}}''<br />''{{flag|Israel}}''<br />''{{flags|Italy (1946–2003)|size=23px|link=}} ]''<br />''{{flag|Jamaica}}''<br />''{{flag|Japan|1870}}''<br />{{flag|Kenya}}<br />{{flag|Lesotho|1987}} | | ''{{flagcountry|People's Socialist Republic of Albania}}''<br />''{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}''<br /> ''{{flag|Argentina}}''<br />''{{flag|Australia}}''<br />''{{flag|Austria}}''<br />''{{flag|Bahamas}}''<br />''{{flag|Barbados}}''<br />''{{flag|Byelorussian SSR|1991|name=Belarus}}''<br />''{{flag|Belgium}}''<br />''{{flag|Belize}}''<br />{{flag|Benin}}<br /> {{flag|Bhutan}}<br />''{{flag|Bolivia}}''<br />{{flag|Botswana}}<br />''{{flag|Brazil}}''<br />''{{flag|Bulgaria}}''<br />''{{flag|Burundi}}''<br />{{flagdeco|Cambodia|1989}} ]<br />{{flag|Cameroon}}<br />''{{flag|Canada}}''<br />{{flag|Cape Verde|1975}}<br />''{{flag|Central African Republic}}''<br />''{{flag|Chile}}''<br />{{flag|Congo}}<br />''{{flag|Costa Rica}}''<br />{{flag|Côte d’Ivoire}}<br />''{{flag|Cyprus|1960}}''<br />''{{flagdeco|Czechoslovakia}} ]''<br />''{{flag|Denmark}}''<br />''{{flag|Dominica}}''<br />''{{flag|Dominican Republic}}''<br />''{{flag|Ecuador}}''<br />''{{flag|El Salvador}}''<br />''{{flag|Estonia}}''<br />{{flag|Fiji}}<br />''{{flag|Finland}}''<br />''{{flag|France}}''<br />{{flag|Gabon}}<br />''{{flag|The Gambia}}''<br />''{{flag|Germany}}''<br />''{{flag|Greece}}''<br />''{{flag|Grenada}}''<br />''{{flag|Guatemala}}''<br />''{{flag|Guyana}}''<br />{{flag|Haiti}}<br />''{{flag|Honduras|1949}}''<br />''{{flag|Hungary}}''<br />''{{flag|Iceland}}''<br />{{flag|India}}<br />''{{flag|Ireland}}''<br />''{{flag|Israel}}''<br />''{{flags|Italy (1946–2003)|size=23px|link=}} ]''<br />''{{flag|Jamaica}}''<br />''{{flag|Japan|1870}}''<br />{{flag|Kenya}}<br />{{flag|Lesotho|1987}} | ||
| | ''{{flag|Latvia}}''<br />''{{flag|Liberia}}''<br />''{{flag|Lithuania|1988}}''<br />''{{flag|Luxembourg}}''<br />''{{flag|Madagascar}}''<br />''{{flag|Malta}}''<br />''{{flag|Malawi}}''<br />''{{flag|Marshall Islands}}''<br />''{{flag|Mexico}}''<br />''{{flagcountry|Mongolian People's Republic}}''<br />''{{flag|Micronesia, Federated States of|name=Micronesia}}''<br />''{{flag|Mozambique}}''<br />{{flag|Namibia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Nepal}}<br />''{{flag|Netherlands}}''<br />''{{flag|New Zealand}}''<br />''{{flag|Nicaragua}}''<br />{{flag|Nigeria}}<br />''{{flag|Norway}}''<br />''{{flag|Panama}}''<br />''{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}''<br />''{{flag|Paraguay|1988}}''<br />''{{flag|Peru}}''<br />{{flag|Philippines|1986}} <br />''{{flag|Poland}}''<br />''{{flag|Portugal}}''<br />''{{flag|Republic of Korea|1984}}''<br />''{{flag|Romania}}''<br />''{{flag|Rwanda|1962}}''<br />''{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}''<br />''{{flag|Saint Lucia|1979}}''<br />''{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}''<br />{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}<br />{{flag|Seychelles|1977}}<br />''{{flag|Sierra Leone}}''<br />''{{flag|Singapore}}''<br />''{{flag|Solomon Islands}}''<br />''{{flag|Soviet Union}}''<br />''{{flag|Spain}}''<br />''{{flag|Suriname}}''<br />''{{flag|Swaziland}}''<br />''{{flag|Sweden}}''<br />{{flag|Thailand}}<br />{{flag|Togo}}<br />''{{flag|Ukrainian SSR|name=Ukraine}}''<br />''{{flag|United Kingdom}}''<br />''{{flag|United States}}''<br />''{{flag|Uruguay}}''<br />''{{flagdeco|Venezuela|1954}} ]''<br />''{{flag|Yugoslavia}}''<br />''{{flag|Zaire}}''<br />''{{flag|Zambia|1964}} | | ''{{flag|Latvia}}''<br />''{{flag|Liberia}}''<br />''{{flag|Lithuania|1988}}''<br />''{{flag|Luxembourg}}''<br />''{{flag|Madagascar}}''<br />''{{flag|Malta}}''<br />''{{flag|Malawi}}''<br />''{{flag|Marshall Islands}}''<br />''{{flag|Mexico}}''<br />''{{flagcountry|Mongolian People's Republic}}''<br />''{{flag|Micronesia, Federated States of|name=Micronesia}}''<br />''{{flag|Mozambique}}''<br />{{flag|Namibia}}<br />{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Nepal}}<br />''{{flag|Netherlands}}''<br />''{{flag|New Zealand}}''<br />''{{flag|Nicaragua}}''<br />{{flag|Nigeria}}<br />''{{flag|Norway}}''<br />''{{flag|Panama}}''<br />''{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}''<br />''{{flag|Paraguay|1988}}''<br />''{{flag|Peru}}''<br />{{flag|Philippines|1986}} <br />''{{flag|Poland}}''<br />''{{flag|Portugal}}''<br />''{{flag|Republic of Korea|1984}}''<br />''{{flag|Romania}}''<br />''{{flag|Rwanda|1962}}''<br />''{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}''<br />''{{flag|Saint Lucia|1979}}''<br />''{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}''<br />{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}<br />{{flag|Seychelles|1977}}<br />''{{flag|Sierra Leone}}''<br />''{{flag|Singapore}}''<br />''{{flag|Solomon Islands}}''<br />''{{flag|Soviet Union}}''<br />''{{flag|Spain}}''<br />''{{flag|Suriname}}''<br />''{{flag|Swaziland}}''<br />''{{flag|Sweden}}''<br />{{flag|Thailand}}<br />{{flag|Togo}}<br />''{{flag|Ukrainian SSR|name=Ukraine}}''<br />''{{flag|United Kingdom}}''<br />''{{flag|United States}}''<br />''{{flag|Uruguay}}''<br />''{{flagdeco|Venezuela|1954}} ]''<br />''{{flag|Yugoslavia}}''<br />''{{flag|Zaire}}''<br />''{{flag|Zambia|1964}} | ||
| |} <!-- End of nested table --> | |} <!-- End of nested table --> | ||
| Line 120: | Line 145: | ||
| |} | |} | ||
| == Legacy == | |||
| === Statement of revocation === | |||
| On 21 June 2004, while inaugurating the first United Nations conference on the issue of ], the ] ] stated that "the actions of the United Nations on the issue of antisemitism have not always been worthy of its ideals. It is deplorable that the General Assembly adopted in 1975 a resolution which assimilated Zionism with racism and I welcome that it later came back on its position".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2004 |title=Message du Secrétaire général : L'antisémitisme a été le signe avant-coureur d'autres formes de discrimination |url=https://www.un.org/french/pubs/chronique/2004/numero2/0204p4.html |access-date= |website=]}}</ref> | |||
| ] personally introduced the motion to revoke 3379 with these words: | |||
| ⚫ | {{ |
||
| ⚫ | This body cannot claim to seek peace and at the same time challenge Israel's ]. By repealing this resolution unconditionally, the United Nations will enhance its credibility and serve the cause of peace.<ref name="presidency.ucsb.edu"/>}} | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ** ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ** ] | |||
| ** ] | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| Line 149: | Line 172: | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:18, 5 June 2024
UNGA resolution adopted in 1975, revoked in 1991United Nations resolution adopted, but revoked on 16 december 1991 in 1975
| UN General Assembly Resolution 3379 | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Flag of Israel | |
| Date | 10 November 1975 |
| Meeting no. | 2400 |
| Code | A/RES/3379 (Document) |
| Subject | Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination |
| Voting summary |
|
| Result | Adopted, but revoked on 16 December 1991 |
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379, adopted on 10 November 1975, "Determines that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination" with 72 votes in favour, 35 votes against, and 32 abstentions. It was revoked by Resolution 46/86, adopted on 16 December 1991 with 111 votes in favour, 25 votes against, and 13 abstentions. The vote for Resolution 3379 was held nearly one year after the adoption of Resolution 3236 and Resolution 3237: the former recognized the "Question of Palestine" and invited the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to participate in international diplomacy; and the latter designated the PLO as a non-member Assembly observer following the "Olive Branch Speech" by Palestinian political leader Yasser Arafat.
In the context of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, adopted on 10 November 1963, Resolution 3379 officially condemned the national ideology of the State of Israel. It was sponsored by the Arab League and a number of Muslim-majority countries, and was chiefly supported by in-favour votes from the Second World and many African countries. Israel, which had been granted United Nations membership in 1949, voted against Resolution 3379 and subsequently condemned it, and was chiefly supported by the First World.
Background
Main article: List of United Nations resolutions concerning IsraelJewish nationalism in Palestine
In July 1920, at the San Remo conference, a Class "A" League of Nations mandate over Palestine was allocated to the British. The preamble of the mandate document declared:
Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have also agreed that the Mandatory should be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917, by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and adopted by the said Powers, in favour of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing should be done which might prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.
UN Partition Plan for Palestine
On 29 November 1947, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution recommending "to the United Kingdom, as the mandatory Power for Palestine, and to all other Members of the United Nations the adoption and implementation, with regard to the future government of Palestine, of the Plan of Partition with Economic Union" as Resolution 181 (II). The plan contained a proposal to terminate the British Mandate for Palestine and partition Palestine into "independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem." On 14 May 1948, the day on which the British Mandate over Palestine expired, the Jewish People's Council gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and approved a proclamation which declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel.
On 11 May 1949, Israel was admitted to membership in the United Nations.
Text of Resolution 3379
The full text of Resolution 3379:
3379 (XXX). Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination
The General Assembly,
Recalling its resolution 1904 (XVIII) of 20 November 1963, proclaiming the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and in particular its affirmation that "any doctrine of racial differentiation or superiority is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous" and its expression of alarm at "the manifestations of racial discrimination still in evidence in some areas in the world, some of which are imposed by certain Governments by means of legislative, administrative or other measures",
Recalling also that, in its resolution 3151 G (XXVIII) of 14 December 1973, the General Assembly condemned, inter alia, the unholy alliance between South African racism and zionism,
Taking note of the Declaration of Mexico on the Equality of Women and Their Contribution to Development and Peace 1975, proclaimed by the World Conference of the International Women's Year, held at Mexico City from 19 June to 2 July 1975, which promulgated the principle that "international co-operation and peace require the achievement of national liberation and independence, the elimination of colonialism and neo-colonialism, foreign occupation, zionism, apartheid and racial discrimination in all its forms, as well as the recognition of the dignity of peoples and their right to self-determination",
Taking note also of resolution 77 (XII) adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity at its twelfth ordinary session, held at Kampala from 28 July to 1 August 1975, which considered "that the racist regime in occupied Palestine and the racist regime in Zimbabwe and South Africa have a common imperialist origin, forming a whole and having the same racist structure and being organically linked in their policy aimed at repression of the dignity and integrity of the human being",
Taking note also of the Political Declaration and Strategy to Strengthen International Peace and Security and to Intensify Solidarity and Mutual Assistance among Non-Aligned Countries, adopted at the Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Non-Aligned Countries held at Lima from 25 to 30 August 1975, which most severely condemned zionism as a threat to world peace and security and called upon all countries to oppose this racist and imperialist ideology,
Determines that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination.
Votes of Resolution 3379
Response
Israel
See also: Israel and the United NationsIn his address to the United Nations General Assembly the same day, 10 November 1975, Israeli Ambassador Chaim Herzog stated:
"I can point with pride to the Arab ministers who have served in my government; to the Arab deputy speaker of my Parliament; to Arab officers and men serving of their own volition in our border and police defense forces, frequently commanding Jewish troops; to the hundreds of thousands of Arabs from all over the Middle East crowding the cities of Israel every year; to the thousands of Arabs from all over the Middle East coming for medical treatment to Israel; to the peaceful coexistence which has developed; to the fact that Arabic is an official language in Israel on a par with Hebrew; to the fact that it is as natural for an Arab to serve in public office in Israel as it is incongruous to think of a Jew serving in any public office in an Arab country, indeed being admitted to many of them. Is that racism? It is not! That ... is Zionism."
Herzog ended his statement, while holding a copy of the resolution, with these words:
"For us, the Jewish people, this resolution based on hatred, falsehood and arrogance, is devoid of any moral or legal value. For us, the Jewish people, this is no more than a piece of paper and we shall treat it as such."
As he concluded his speech, Herzog tore the resolution in half.
The name of the "UN Avenue" in Haifa, Jerusalem and Tel Aviv was switched to the "Zionism Avenue" as a response to the UN's decision.
United States
Before the vote, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, the United States ambassador to the United Nations, warned that, "The United Nations is about to make anti-Semitism international law." He delivered a speech against the resolution, including the famous line, " does not acknowledge, it will not abide by, it will never acquiesce in this infamous act ... A great evil has been loosed upon the world."
In Campbell, California, in the United States, a group of high school students attempted to solicit signatures on the premises of a local shopping center for a petition against Resolution 3379. The result was the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins (1980) that supported states' rights to expand the exercise of free speech, which California held was legal in what were considered public areas of a shopping mall.
Mexico's vote in favor of the resolution led some United States Jews to organize a tourism boycott of Mexico. This ended after Mexican foreign minister Emilio Óscar Rabasa made a trip to Israel (Rabasa shortly afterward was forced to resign).
Revocation
United Nations resolution adopted in 1991| UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86 | |
|---|---|
| Date | 16 December 1991 |
| Meeting no. | 74 |
| Code | A/RES/46/86 (Document) |
| Subject | Elimination of racism and racial discrimination |
| Voting summary |
|
| Result | Adopted |
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86, adopted on 16 December 1991, revoked Resolution 3379's designation of Zionism as a form of racism and racial discrimination. Israel had made the revocation a condition for its participation in the Madrid Conference of 1991. The vote on Resolution 46/86 was held shortly after the Gulf War with sponsorship by 88 countries, including the overwhelming majority of both the First World and the Second World, and was chiefly supported by many African countries. The Arab League, most Muslim-majority countries, and four other countries (Cuba, North Korea, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam) voted against it.
In total, the motion to revoke Resolution 3379 received 111 votes in favour, 25 votes against, and 13 abstentions.
Motion by the United States
Resolution 46/86 was raised under pressure from the United States, and American president George H. W. Bush personally introduced the motion to revoke Resolution 3379 with the following statement:
UNGA Resolution 3379, the so-called "Zionism is racism" resolution, mocks this pledge and the principles upon which the United Nations was founded. And I call now for its repeal. Zionism is not a policy; it is the idea that led to the creation of a home for the Jewish people, to the State of Israel. And to equate Zionism with the intolerable sin of racism is to twist history and forget the terrible plight of Jews in World War II and, indeed, throughout history. To equate Zionism with racism is to reject Israel itself, a member of good standing of the United Nations. This body cannot claim to seek peace and at the same time challenge Israel's right to exist. By repealing this resolution unconditionally, the United Nations will enhance its credibility and serve the cause of peace.
Text of Resolution 46/86
The full text of the revocation was simply:
"The General Assembly decides to revoke the determination contained in its resolution 3379 (XXX) of 10 November 1975."
Votes of Resolution 46/86
| In favour (111) 88 states sponsoring |
Abstaining (13) | Against (25) | Absent (15) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
 Angola Burkina Faso Ethiopia Ghana Laos Maldives Mauritius Myanmar Trinidad and Tobago Turkey Uganda Tanzania Zimbabwe
|
 Afghanistan Algeria Brunei Bangladesh Cuba North Korea Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Lebanon Libya Malaysia Mali Mauritania Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sri Lanka Sudan Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates Vietnam Yemen
|
 Bahrain Chad China Comoros Djibouti Egypt Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kuwait Morocco Niger Oman Senegal South Africa Tunisia Vanuatu
| ||
| Source: United Nations Bibliographic Information System | |||||
Legacy
On 21 June 2004, while inaugurating the first United Nations conference on the issue of antisemitism, the Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan stated that "the actions of the United Nations on the issue of antisemitism have not always been worthy of its ideals. It is deplorable that the General Assembly adopted in 1975 a resolution which assimilated Zionism with racism and I welcome that it later came back on its position".
See also
References
- ^ Lewis, Paul (17 December 1991). "U.N. Repeals Its '75 Resolution Equating Zionism With Racism". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
- "The Avalon Project : The Palestine Mandate". Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- "Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel". United Nations. 29 November 1947. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
- "Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel". GxMSDev. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- Admission of Israel to UN: Retrieved 24 May 2013 Archived 15 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- Resolution 3379: Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination Archived 6 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine. UNGA, 10 November 1975 (doc.nr. A/RES/3379 (XXX))
- "Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination: Zionism as racism - GA resolution". Question of Palestine. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- "UNBISnet". Archived from the original on 31 December 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- Blaisdell, Bob (18 August 2014). Great Speeches of the 20th Century. Courier Corporation. p. 163. ISBN 9780486315560. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
- פדן, יחיעם (2005). Tel Aviv-Jaffa Streets Guide (PDF). p. 158.
- Gil Troy, "Moynihan's Moment: America's Fight Against Zionism is Racism", page 134
- Stanley Meisler, United Nations: A History, 2011, page 215
- "Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- "Mexican Heritage Almanac". Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
- "Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe". Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- "260 General Assembly Resolution 46-86- Revocation of Resolution 3379- 16 December 1991- and statement by President Herzog". GxMSDev. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- ^ Address to the 46th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York City. 23 September 1991. The American Presidency Project
- "A/RES/46/86 of 16 December 1991". 7 December 2012. Archived from the original on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- "Racism and racial discrimination/Revocation of resolution 3379 ("Zionism as racism") - GA resolution". Question of Palestine. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- "UNBISnet". Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- "Message du Secrétaire général : L'antisémitisme a été le signe avant-coureur d'autres formes de discrimination". United Nations. 21 June 2004.
External links
- United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 (10 November 1975) (Official UN site)
- Report of the Plenary Meeting A/PV.2400 (Official UN site)
- Israeli Ambassador Herzog's response to Zionism is racism resolution (10 November 1975)
- Ambassador Moynihan's response to Zionism is racism resolution
- Video footage of Ambassador Herzog concluding his remarks and tearing the resolution in half (10 November 1975)
- American Jewish Committees' extensive archive of materials on the Zionism is Racism controversy
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