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{{distinguish|Meeting point}}
{{Infobox political party {{Infobox political party
|name = Meeting Point | name = Meeting Point
|native_name = {{noitalics|{{nobold|匯點}}}} | native_name = {{noitalics|{{nobold|匯點}}}}
| logo = File:Logo_of_Meeting_Point.svg
|logo = ]
| logo_size = 160px
|country = Hong Kong | country = Hong Kong
|colorcode = #04770a | colorcode = #04770a
|chairman = ]<br>]<br>] | chairman = ]<br />]<br />]
⚫ |foundation = {{Start date|1983|01|09|df=yes}}
|dissolution = {{End date|1994|10|02|df=yes}} | foundation = {{Start date|1983|01|09|df=yes}}
⚫ | dissolution = {{End date|1994|10|02|df=yes}}
|ideology = ]<br>]
| ideology = ] (])<br>]
|position = ]
|international = | international =
|predecessor = | predecessor =
|successor = | successor =
|affiliation1_title = Regional affiliation | affiliation1_title = Regional affiliation
|affiliation1 = ] | affiliation1 = ]
|merged = ] | merged = ]
|colours = ] | colours = {{Color box|#04770a}} ]
}} }}
{{Infobox Chinese
| order =
| showflag =
| t = 匯點
| j = Wui<sup>6</sup>dim<sup>2</sup>
| y =
}}
{{Liberalism in China}}
⚫ '''Meeting Point''' (]: 匯點) was a ] and moderate ] political organisation and party in ] formed by a group of former student activists in the 1970s and intellectuals for the discussion for the ] in 1983. It was one of the earliest groups in Hong Kong that favoured Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong but wanted a free, democratic and autonomous Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Change and the Crisis of Legitimacy in Hong Kong|last=Scott|first=Ian|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|page=210}}</ref>


⚫ It emerged as one of the leading ] groups in the 1980s and was one of the two predecessors of today's ], into which it was merged in 1994.
⚫ '''Meeting Point''' (]: 匯點) was a ] political organisation and party in ] formed by a group of former student activists in the 1970s and intellectuals for the discussion for the ] in 1983. It was one of the earliest groups in Hong Kong favoured Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong but wanted a free, democratic and autonomous Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Change and the Crisis of Legitimacy in Hong Kong|last=Scott|first=Ian|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|page=210}}</ref>

⚫ It emerged as one of the leading ] groups in the 1980s and was the predecessor of today's ], into which it was merged in 1994.


==History== ==History==
===Sino-British agreement=== ===Sino-British agreement===
It was founded on 9 January 1983 by a group of former student activists active in the 1970s and intellectuals, many of which were graduates of the ]. With ] the founding Chairman and ] the Vice-Chairman, the group stressed the autonomous government of "Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong" under the Chinese sovereignty in the midst of the ] over Hong Kong sovereignty after 1997, which was a minor opinion at the time the mainstream opinion overwhelmingly supported British rule. It was founded on 9 January 1983 by a group of former student activists active in the 1970s and intellectuals, many of which were graduates of the ]. With ] the founding Chairman and ] the Vice-Chairman, the group stressed the autonomous government of "Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong" under the Chinese sovereignty in the midst of the ] over Hong Kong sovereignty after 1997, which was a minor opinion at the time the mainstream opinion overwhelmingly supported British rule. Its support for peaceful reunification with China attracted Beijing's support.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Goodstadt | first=Leo F. | author-link= Leo Goodstadt |date= 2000 | title=China and the Selection of Hong Kong's Post-Colonial Political Elite | journal=] |volume= 163 | pages=732–3 | doi=10.1017/S0305741000014636 | s2cid=154559202 }}</ref>


In the post-agreement period, the group started participating in the municipal and local elections. It formed a strategic alliance with the two major pro-democratic groups, the ] (ADPL) and the ] (HKAS). Together with other liberal organisations, it also called for introduction of direct election and an accountable government. It joined the ] (JGPDG) for the ] for the ]. During the period, the Meeting Point remained its warm relationship with Beijing. In 1987, Chairman Lau Nai-keung was appointed to the ] by Beijing. In the post-agreement period, the group started participating in the municipal and local elections. It formed a strategic alliance with the two major pro-democratic groups, the ] (ADPL) and the ] (HKAS). Together with other liberal organisations, it also called for introduction of direct election and an accountable government. It joined the ] (JGPDG) for the ] for the ]. During the period, the Meeting Point remained its warm relationship with Beijing. In 1987, Chairman Lau Nai-keung was appointed to the ] by Beijing.


===1991 LegCo elections and 1994 reform proposals=== ===1991 LegCo elections and 1994 reform proposals===
The ] in June 1989, which the Hong Kong liberals strongly supported the student protestors and opposed to the crackdown, worsened the group's relationship with Beijing. In April 1990, the members of the Meeting Point as well as the ADPL and HKAS formed a new party, the ] led by ], who was seen as "treason" by Beijing at that time, in the preparation for the ] for the ]. The Meeting Point won a historical landslide victory with the United Democrats, with ] and ] winning 2 seats in the ]. It gained an extra seat in a by-election in 1991 with ] won in the ]. It formally converted to a political party on 13 September 1992 with about 150 old members reaffirming their commitment to the party.<ref>{{cite book|title=Read Their Lips (I): A dossier of political leaders in Hong Kong|publisher=Pace Publishing Ltd}}</ref> Contrast to the United Democrats, the Meeting Point remained a more pragmatic stance and harmonious relationship with the Beijing government.<ref>{{cite news|title=A little dragon that blows plenty of fire|first=Denise|last=Wong|date=15 October 1992|newspaper=Hong Kong Standard}}</ref> In 1992, ] of the ] joined the Meeting Point with some members of Leong's ]. The ] in June 1989, which the Hong Kong liberals strongly supported the student protestors and opposed to the crackdown, worsened the group's relationship with Beijing. In April 1990, the members of the Meeting Point as well as the ADPL and HKAS formed a new party, the ] led by ], who was seen as "treason" by Beijing at that time, in the preparation for the ] for the ]. The Meeting Point won a historical landslide victory with the United Democrats, with ] and ] winning 2 seats in the ]. It gained an extra seat in a ] in 1991 with ] won in the ]. It formally converted to a political party on 13 September 1992 with about 150 old members reaffirming their commitment to the party.<ref>{{cite book|title=Read Their Lips (I): A dossier of political leaders in Hong Kong|publisher=Pace Publishing Ltd}}</ref> Contrast to the United Democrats, the Meeting Point remained a more pragmatic stance and harmonious relationship with the Beijing government.<ref>{{cite news|title=A little dragon that blows plenty of fire|first=Denise|last=Wong|date=15 October 1992|newspaper=Hong Kong Standard}}</ref> In 1992, ] of the ] joined the Meeting Point with some members of Leong's ].


In 1994, the Meeting Point supported the ] carried out by the last ] ] which were strongly opposed by the Beijing government. It caused an internal split within the Meeting Point which founding members including Lau Nai-keung, ] and Wong Chack-kie quit the party after the general meeting voted in favour of Patten's proposals. The Meeting Point later abstained in the amendment for a fully elected legislature moved by ] as it thought any infringement of the ] would further enrage Beijing result in instability and the dismantling of the installed political structure.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hong Kong's Tortuous Democratization: A Comparative Analysis|last=Sing|first=Ming|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|page=145}}</ref> In 1994, the Meeting Point supported the ] carried out by the last ] ] which were strongly opposed by the Beijing government. It caused an internal split within the Meeting Point which founding members including Lau Nai-keung, ] and Wong Chack-kie quit the party after the general meeting voted in favour of Patten's proposals. The Meeting Point later abstained in the amendment for a fully elected legislature moved by ] as it thought any infringement of the ] would further enrage Beijing result in instability and the dismantling of the installed political structure.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hong Kong's Tortuous Democratization: A Comparative Analysis|last=Sing|first=Ming|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|page=145}}</ref>


===Merge into Democratic Party=== ===Merge into Democratic Party===
Due to lack of effectiveness of the moderate approach and to further unite the pro-democracy camp for the ], the Meeting Point and the United Democrats led by ] and Martin Lee merged into a new party, the ], announced in April 1994. The two former Chairmen of the Meeting Point, Yeung Sum and Anthony Cheung became the two Vice-Chairmen of the new party and ] was the Treasurer. Anthony Cheung's appointment of the ] by Beijing was cancelled after the two party merged. The party's general meeting passed the motion of establishing the Democratic Party on 15 May 1994. It was officially dissolved in October 1994. Due to lack of effectiveness of the moderate approach and to further unite the pro-democracy camp for the ], the Meeting Point and the United Democrats led by ] and Martin Lee merged into a new party, the ], announced in April 1994. The two former Chairmen of the Meeting Point, Yeung Sum and Anthony Cheung became the two Vice-Chairmen of the new party and ] was the Treasurer. Anthony Cheung's appointment of the ] by Beijing was cancelled after the two party merged. The party's general meeting passed the motion of establishing the Democratic Party on 15 May 1994. It was officially dissolved in October 1994.


The Meeting Point members became a main faction in the Democratic Party with a more pro-middle class, pro-market and moderate agenda. It also stressed dialogue with Beijing and Hong Kong governments over struggle, and parliamentary politics over street action.<ref>{{cite book|title=Out of the Shadow of 1997?: The 2000 Legislative Council Election in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|editor1-first=Hsin-chi|editor1-last=Kuan|editor2-first=Zhaojia|editor2-last=Liu|editor3-first=Jiaying|editor3-last=Wang|publisher=Chinese University Press|year=2002|pages=136–7}}</ref> In the ], the "Young Turks" faction staged a successful coup d'état, nominating ] to defeat Anthony Cheung as Vice-Chairman. Anthony Cheung later quit the party in 2005 and established the think tank SynergyNet. He later joined the government as the ] in 2012. The Meeting Point members became a main faction in the Democratic Party with a more pro-middle class, pro-market and moderate agenda. It also stressed dialogue with Beijing and Hong Kong governments over struggle, and parliamentary politics over street action.<ref>{{cite book|title=Out of the Shadow of 1997?: The 2000 Legislative Council Election in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|editor1-first=Hsin-chi|editor1-last=Kuan|editor2-first=Zhaojia|editor2-last=Liu|editor3-first=Jiaying|editor3-last=Wang|publisher=Chinese University Press|year=2002|pages=136–7}}</ref> In the ], the "Young Turks" faction staged a successful coup d'état, nominating ] to defeat Anthony Cheung as Vice-Chairman. Anthony Cheung later quit the party in 2005 and established the think tank SynergyNet. He later joined the government as the ] in 2012.


==List of Chairmen== ==List of chairmen==
# ], 1982–1988 # ], 1983–1988
# ], 1988–1989 # ], 1988–1989
# ], 1989–1994 # ], 1989–1994


==Notable members== ==Notable members==
{{Div col|2}} {{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
Line 54: Line 62:
* ] * ]
* Lui Tak-lok * Lui Tak-lok
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* Wong Chack-kie * Wong Chack-kie
* ] * ]
{{Div col end}} {{div col end}}


==Electoral performance== ==Electoral performance==
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;" {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-align=center |-align=center
! '''Election ! '''Election'''
! Number of<br>popular votes ! Number of<br />popular votes
! % of<br>popular votes ! % of<br />popular votes
! ]<br>seats ! ]<br />seats
! ]<br>seats ! ]<br />seats
! ]<br>seats ! ]<br />seats
! Total seats ! Total seats
! +/− ! +/−
|- |-
! ] ! ]
| 98,588{{nochange}} | 98,588{{nochange}}
| 7.20{{nochange}} | 7.20{{nochange}}
Line 80: Line 88:
| 0 | 0
| - | -
| {{Composition bar|2|60|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|2|60|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
| 0{{nochange}} | 2{{increase}}
|- |-
|} |}
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! Total<br/>elected seats ! Total<br/>elected seats
|- |-
! ] ! ]
| 35,411{{nochange}} | 35,411{{nochange}}
| 10.06{{nochange}} | 10.06{{nochange}}
| {{Composition bar|1|15|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|1|15|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|12|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|1|12|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
| {{Composition bar|2|27|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|2|27|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
|- |-
! ] ! ]
| 21,702{{decrease}} | 21,702{{decrease}}
| 10.21{{increase}} | 10.21{{increase}}
| {{Composition bar|0|15|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|0|15|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
| {{Composition bar|2|12|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|2|12|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
| {{Composition bar|2|27|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|2|27|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
|- |-
! ] ! ]
| 12,476{{decrease}} | 12,476{{decrease}}
| 3.18{{decrease}} | 3.18{{decrease}}
| {{Composition bar|1|15|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|1|15|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|12|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|0|12|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|27|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|1|27|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
|- |-
|} |}
Line 123: Line 131:
|-align=center |-align=center
! Election ! Election
! Number of<br>popular votes ! Number of<br />popular votes
! % of<br>popular votes ! % of<br />popular votes
! Total<br>elected seats ! Total<br />elected seats
! +/− ! +/−
|- |-
! ] ! ]
| 9,714{{nochange}} | 9,714{{nochange}}
| 1.41{{nochange}} | 1.41{{nochange}}
| {{Composition bar|4|237|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|4|237|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
| 4{{increase}} | 4{{increase}}
|- |-
! ] ! ]
| 41,878{{increase}} | 41,878{{increase}}
| 6.57{{increase}} | 6.57{{increase}}
| {{Composition bar|16|264|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|16|264|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
| 12{{increase}} | 12{{increase}}
|- |-
! ] ! ]
| 18,386{{decrease}} | 18,386{{decrease}}
| 3.46{{decrease}} | 3.46{{decrease}}
| {{Composition bar|11|272|hex={{Meeting Point/meta/color}}}} | {{Composition bar|11|272|hex={{party color|Meeting Point}}}}
| 2{{increase}} | 2{{increase}}
|- |-
Line 149: Line 157:


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}
{{HK Democratic Party}} {{HK Democratic Party}}
{{Hong Kong political parties}} {{Hong Kong political parties}}

⚫ ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]
⚫ ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 08:25, 14 June 2024

Not to be confused with Meeting point. Political party in Hong Kong
Meeting Point 匯點
ChairmanLau Nai-keung
Yeung Sum
Anthony Cheung
Founded9 January 1983 (1983-01-09)
Dissolved2 October 1994 (1994-10-02)
Merged intoDemocratic Party
IdeologyLiberalism (HK)
Chinese nationalism
Regional affiliationPro-democracy camp
Colours  Green
Meeting Point
Traditional Chinese匯點
Transcriptions
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingWuidim
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Meeting Point (Chinese: 匯點) was a liberal and moderate Chinese nationalist political organisation and party in Hong Kong formed by a group of former student activists in the 1970s and intellectuals for the discussion for the Sino-British negotiation on the question of Hong Kong prospect in 1983. It was one of the earliest groups in Hong Kong that favoured Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong but wanted a free, democratic and autonomous Hong Kong.

It emerged as one of the leading pro-democracy groups in the 1980s and was one of the two predecessors of today's Democratic Party, into which it was merged in 1994.

History

Sino-British agreement

It was founded on 9 January 1983 by a group of former student activists active in the 1970s and intellectuals, many of which were graduates of the University of Hong Kong. With Lau Nai-keung the founding Chairman and Yeung Sum the Vice-Chairman, the group stressed the autonomous government of "Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong" under the Chinese sovereignty in the midst of the Sino-British negotiations over Hong Kong sovereignty after 1997, which was a minor opinion at the time the mainstream opinion overwhelmingly supported British rule. Its support for peaceful reunification with China attracted Beijing's support.

In the post-agreement period, the group started participating in the municipal and local elections. It formed a strategic alliance with the two major pro-democratic groups, the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) and the Hong Kong Affairs Society (HKAS). Together with other liberal organisations, it also called for introduction of direct election and an accountable government. It joined the Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government (JGPDG) for the direct election in 1988 for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. During the period, the Meeting Point remained its warm relationship with Beijing. In 1987, Chairman Lau Nai-keung was appointed to the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference by Beijing.

1991 LegCo elections and 1994 reform proposals

The Tiananmen Square crackdown in June 1989, which the Hong Kong liberals strongly supported the student protestors and opposed to the crackdown, worsened the group's relationship with Beijing. In April 1990, the members of the Meeting Point as well as the ADPL and HKAS formed a new party, the United Democrats of Hong Kong led by Martin Lee, who was seen as "treason" by Beijing at that time, in the preparation for the 1991 first direct election for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. The Meeting Point won a historical landslide victory with the United Democrats, with Fred Li Wah-ming and Tik Chi-yuen winning 2 seats in the geographical constituencies. It gained an extra seat in a by-election in 1991 with Zachary Wong Wai-yin won in the New Territories West constituency. It formally converted to a political party on 13 September 1992 with about 150 old members reaffirming their commitment to the party. Contrast to the United Democrats, the Meeting Point remained a more pragmatic stance and harmonious relationship with the Beijing government. In 1992, Edward Leong Che-hung of the Medical constituency joined the Meeting Point with some members of Leong's Hong Kong Democratic Foundation.

In 1994, the Meeting Point supported the electoral reform proposals carried out by the last Governor Chris Patten which were strongly opposed by the Beijing government. It caused an internal split within the Meeting Point which founding members including Lau Nai-keung, Tsang Shu-ki and Wong Chack-kie quit the party after the general meeting voted in favour of Patten's proposals. The Meeting Point later abstained in the amendment for a fully elected legislature moved by Emily Lau Wai-hing as it thought any infringement of the Basic Law would further enrage Beijing result in instability and the dismantling of the installed political structure.

Merge into Democratic Party

Due to lack of effectiveness of the moderate approach and to further unite the pro-democracy camp for the 1995 Legislative Council elections, the Meeting Point and the United Democrats led by Anthony Cheung Bing-leung and Martin Lee merged into a new party, the Democratic Party, announced in April 1994. The two former Chairmen of the Meeting Point, Yeung Sum and Anthony Cheung became the two Vice-Chairmen of the new party and Andrew Fung Wai-kwong was the Treasurer. Anthony Cheung's appointment of the Hong Kong Affairs Adviser by Beijing was cancelled after the two party merged. The party's general meeting passed the motion of establishing the Democratic Party on 15 May 1994. It was officially dissolved in October 1994.

The Meeting Point members became a main faction in the Democratic Party with a more pro-middle class, pro-market and moderate agenda. It also stressed dialogue with Beijing and Hong Kong governments over struggle, and parliamentary politics over street action. In the 1998 leadership election, the "Young Turks" faction staged a successful coup d'état, nominating Lau Chin-shek to defeat Anthony Cheung as Vice-Chairman. Anthony Cheung later quit the party in 2005 and established the think tank SynergyNet. He later joined the government as the Secretary for Transport and Housing in 2012.

List of chairmen

  1. Lau Nai-keung, 1983–1988
  2. Yeung Sum, 1988–1989
  3. Anthony Cheung, 1989–1994

Notable members

Electoral performance

Legislative Council elections

Election Number of
popular votes 		% of
popular votes 		GC
seats 		FC
seats 		EC
seats 		Total seats +/−
1991 98,588Steady 7.20Steady 2 0 - 2 / 60 2Increase

Note: Each voter got two votes in the 1991 Election.

Municipal elections

Election Number of
popular votes 		% of
popular votes 		UrbCo
seats 		RegCo
seats 		Total
elected seats
1986 35,411Steady 10.06Steady 1 / 15 1 / 12 2 / 27
1989 21,702Decrease 10.21Increase 0 / 15 2 / 12 2 / 27
1991 12,476Decrease 3.18Decrease 1 / 15 0 / 12 1 / 27

District Board elections

Election Number of
popular votes 		% of
popular votes 		Total
elected seats 		+/−
1985 9,714Steady 1.41Steady 4 / 237 4Increase
1988 41,878Increase 6.57Increase 16 / 264 12Increase
1991 18,386Decrease 3.46Decrease 11 / 272 2Increase

References

  1. Scott, Ian. Political Change and the Crisis of Legitimacy in Hong Kong. University of Hawaii Press. p. 210.
  2. Goodstadt, Leo F. (2000). "China and the Selection of Hong Kong's Post-Colonial Political Elite". China Quarterly. 163: 732–3. doi:10.1017/S0305741000014636. S2CID 154559202.
  3. Read Their Lips (I): A dossier of political leaders in Hong Kong. Pace Publishing Ltd.
  4. Wong, Denise (15 October 1992). "A little dragon that blows plenty of fire". Hong Kong Standard.
  5. Sing, Ming (2004). Hong Kong's Tortuous Democratization: A Comparative Analysis. Routledge. p. 145.
  6. Kuan, Hsin-chi; Liu, Zhaojia; Wang, Jiaying, eds. (2002). Out of the Shadow of 1997?: The 2000 Legislative Council Election in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Chinese University Press. pp. 136–7.
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