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{{Short description|Non-governmental chamber of commerce in China}} {{Short description|Chamber of commerce in China}}
{{Infobox organization {{Infobox organization
| name = All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce | name = All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce
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| num_staff = | num_staff =
| homepage = {{url|http://www.chinachamber.org.cn}} {{small|(in English)}}<br/>{{url|http://www.acfic.org.cn/}} {{small|(in Chinese)}} | homepage = {{url|http://www.chinachamber.org.cn}} {{small|(in English)}}<br/>{{url|http://www.acfic.org.cn/}} {{small|(in Chinese)}}
}}{{Chinese
}}
| s = 中华全国工商业联合会
⚫ {{Politics of China |expanded = United Front }}
| t = 中華全國工商業聯合會
⚫ The '''All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce''' ('''ACFIC'''; {{zh|s=中华全国工商业联合会|t=|p=Zhōnghuá Quánguó Gōngshāngyè Liánhéhuì}}), ] the '''All-China Chamber of Industry and Commerce''' ('''ACCIC'''; {{zh|s=中国民间商会|t=|p=}}) is a quasi-governmental ], established in 1953 as a successor to the chambers of commerce that were first founded during the ]. Today, it consists of Chinese industrialists and business people under the leadership of the ] of the ] (CCP), as well as being a constituent organization of the National Committee of the ] and the holder of a number of seats in the ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jamestown.org/program/understanding-the-role-of-chambers-of-commerce-and-industry-associations-in-united-front-work/|title=Understanding the Role of Chambers of Commerce and Industry Associations in United Front Work|last=Groot|first=Gerry|date=June 19, 2018|website=]|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911074025/https://jamestown.org/program/understanding-the-role-of-chambers-of-commerce-and-industry-associations-in-united-front-work/|archive-date=September 11, 2019|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> The organization assists the government in managing China's private sector economy and acts as a bridge between the private sector entities and the government.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Weil |first=Stefanie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAikDQAAQBAJ |title=Lobbying and Foreign Interests in Chinese Politics |date=2016-12-01 |publisher=] |isbn=978-1-137-55620-2 |pages=82–118 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dotson|first=John|date=September 28, 2020|title=The CCP's New Directives for United Front Work in Private Enterprises|url=https://jamestown.org/program/the-ccps-new-directives-for-united-front-work-in-private-enterprises/|access-date=2020-09-30|website=]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yan |first1=Xiaojun |last2=Huang |first2=Jie |date=2017 |title=Navigating Unknown Waters: The Chinese Communist Party's New Presence in the Private Sector |journal=] |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=37–63 |issn=1680-2012 |jstor=44440170}}</ref>
| p = Zhōnghuá Quánguó Gōngshāngyè Liánhéhuì
| c =
| j =
| mi =
| ci =
| altname = Abbreviation
| s2 = 全国工商联
| t2 = 全國工商聯
| p2 = Quánguó Gōngshānglián
| order = st
| altname3 = All-China Chamber of Industry and Commerce
| s3 = 中国民间商会
| t3 = 中國民間商會
| p3 = Zhōngguó Mínjiān Shānghuì
⚫ }}{{Politics of China |expanded = United Front }}
The '''All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce''' ('''ACFIC'''), ] the '''All-China Chamber of Industry and Commerce''' ('''ACCIC''') is a ] and ], established in 1953 as a successor to the chambers of commerce that were first founded during the ].


⚫ Today, it consists of Chinese industrialists and business people under the leadership of the ] of the ] (CCP), as well as being a constituent organization of the National Committee of the ] (CPPCC) and the holder of a number of seats in the ]. The organization assists the government in managing China's ] economy and acts as a bridge between the private sector entities and the government.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Weil |first=Stefanie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAikDQAAQBAJ |title=Lobbying and Foreign Interests in Chinese Politics |date=2016-12-01 |publisher=] |isbn=978-1-137-55620-2 |pages=82–118 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dotson|first=John|date=September 28, 2020|title=The CCP's New Directives for United Front Work in Private Enterprises|url=https://jamestown.org/program/the-ccps-new-directives-for-united-front-work-in-private-enterprises/|access-date=2020-09-30|website=]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yan |first1=Xiaojun |last2=Huang |first2=Jie |date=2017 |title=Navigating Unknown Waters: The Chinese Communist Party's New Presence in the Private Sector |journal=] |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=37–63 |issn=1680-2012 |jstor=44440170}}</ref>
== Leadership ==

== History ==
{{Update section|date=June 2023}} {{Update section|date=June 2023}}
The ACFIC is a non-governmental chamber of commerce established in 1953.<ref name=":Zhang">{{Cite book |last=Zhang |first=Angela Huyue |title=High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy |publisher=] |year=2024 |isbn=9780197682258 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001}}</ref>{{Rp|page=167}} The ACFIC was established to advance the Communist Party's interests and promote the party's policies among private entrepreneurs.<ref name=":Zhang" />{{Rp|page=167}}

From November 2002 to 2012, the ACFIC had been led by Chairman ] ({{zh |s = 黄孟复 }}), who, like his predecessors, was also a vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee, ranking as a ]. His predecessor was ], founder of the ] in modern China and the son of a well-known entrepreneur of the late Qing Dynasty.{{cn|date=December 2022}} From November 2002 to 2012, the ACFIC had been led by Chairman ] ({{zh |s = 黄孟复 }}), who, like his predecessors, was also a vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee, ranking as a ]. His predecessor was ], founder of the ] in modern China and the son of a well-known entrepreneur of the late Qing Dynasty.{{cn|date=December 2022}}


The first vice-chairman of the ACFIC is Quan Zhezhu ({{zh |s = 全哲洙 }}), a deputy minister of the United Front Department originally from ]. The ACFIC has another 23 vice-chairpersons, most of them private entrepreneurs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinachamber.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qleng/s2579/index.html |title=ACFIC Leaders |access-date=2010-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828104332/http://www.chinachamber.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qleng/s2579/index.html |archive-date=2010-08-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first vice-chairman of the ACFIC is Quan Zhezhu ({{zh |s = 全哲洙 }}), a deputy minister of the United Front Department originally from ]. The ACFIC has another 23 vice-chairpersons, most of them private entrepreneurs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinachamber.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qleng/s2579/index.html |title=ACFIC Leaders |access-date=2010-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828104332/http://www.chinachamber.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qleng/s2579/index.html |archive-date=2010-08-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Organization==
==Regional federations==
The ACFIC is led by a ministerial-level CCP secretary and chairman. The chairman has usually been a member of the ], also serving as a ].<ref name=":022">{{Cite web |title=Decoding Chinese Politics |url=https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/decoding-chinese-politics |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=]}}</ref> ACFIC leadership is chosen through consultation between the CCP and private enterprise.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |last=Li |first=David Daokui |title=China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict |date=2024 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0393292398 |location=New York, NY |pages=135 |author-link=David Daokui Li}}</ref> The ACFIC is a constituent of the CPPCC and is allocated seats to the NPC.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Groot |first=Gerry |date=June 19, 2018 |title=Understanding the Role of Chambers of Commerce and Industry Associations in United Front Work |language=en-US |website=] |url=https://jamestown.org/program/understanding-the-role-of-chambers-of-commerce-and-industry-associations-in-united-front-work/ |url-status=live |access-date=2019-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911074025/https://jamestown.org/program/understanding-the-role-of-chambers-of-commerce-and-industry-associations-in-united-front-work/ |archive-date=September 11, 2019}}</ref> ACFIC seeks to influence policy through submitting proposals to the CPPCC, a process which requires relevant government ministries to investigate the proposals and prepare a formal response.<ref name=":Zhang" />{{Rp|page=167}}
⚫ More than 3,000 regional federations of industry and commerce (FIC) have been established in all ] and ] and most ] of China. As of 2009, they listed a combined membership of 2.6 million private enterprises. The relationship between ACFIC and the regional FIC is described as a role of guidance, but the statute of ACFIC is also valid for the regional federations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.acfic.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qggsl/gsljj/index.html |title=ACFIC Website (in Chinese) |access-date=2010-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823043715/http://www.acfic.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qggsl/gsljj/index.html |archive-date=2010-08-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

⚫ More than 3,000 regional federations of industry and commerce (FIC) have been established in all ] and ] and most ] of China. The relationship between ACFIC and the regional FIC is described as a role of guidance, but the statute of ACFIC is also valid for the regional federations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.acfic.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qggsl/gsljj/index.html |title=ACFIC Website (in Chinese) |access-date=2010-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823043715/http://www.acfic.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qggsl/gsljj/index.html |archive-date=2010-08-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In September 2020, the CCP announced that it would establish more party committees in regional FICs, and would arrange a special liaison between them and the CCP.<ref>{{cite web |last1=General Office of the CPC Central Committee |title=Opinions on Strengthening the United Front Work of Private Economy in the New Era |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/zywj/2020-09/15/c_1126497384.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019064610/http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/zywj/2020-09/15/c_1126497384.htm |archive-date=19 October 2020 |access-date=15 September 2020 |website=]}}</ref> In September 2020, the CCP announced that it would establish more party committees in regional FICs, and would arrange a special liaison between them and the CCP.<ref>{{cite web |last1=General Office of the CPC Central Committee |title=Opinions on Strengthening the United Front Work of Private Economy in the New Era |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/zywj/2020-09/15/c_1126497384.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019064610/http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/zywj/2020-09/15/c_1126497384.htm |archive-date=19 October 2020 |access-date=15 September 2020 |website=]}}</ref>
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] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 14:57, 22 June 2024

Chamber of commerce in China
All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce
中华全国工商业联合会
ACFIC headquarters
AbbreviationACFIC
Formation1953
FounderChen Shutong
TypeBusiness association
Legal statusPeople's organization
Location
Membership4.71 million
Key peopleGao Yunlong
(Chairman)
Xu Lejiang
(Executive Vice Chairman)
Websitewww.chinachamber.org.cn (in English)
www.acfic.org.cn (in Chinese)
All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce
Simplified Chinese中华全国工商业联合会
Traditional Chinese中華全國工商業聯合會
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōnghuá Quánguó Gōngshāngyè Liánhéhuì
Abbreviation
Simplified Chinese全国工商联
Traditional Chinese全國工商聯
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinQuánguó Gōngshānglián
All-China Chamber of Industry and Commerce
Simplified Chinese中国民间商会
Traditional Chinese中國民間商會
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōngguó Mínjiān Shānghuì
Politics of China
Leadership
Leadership generations
Succession of power
Party and state leaders
Orders of precedence
Related systems
Communist Party
History
Constitution & ideology Organization
National People's Congress (14th) State representative Executive organ Military organ Supervisory organ Judicial organs
United front
Historical parties:
Propaganda
Cross-Strait relations
Foreign relations
Related topics
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The All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC), also called the All-China Chamber of Industry and Commerce (ACCIC) is a people's organization and chamber of commerce, established in 1953 as a successor to the chambers of commerce that were first founded during the Qing dynasty.

Today, it consists of Chinese industrialists and business people under the leadership of the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), as well as being a constituent organization of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the holder of a number of seats in the National People's Congress. The organization assists the government in managing China's private sector economy and acts as a bridge between the private sector entities and the government.

History

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2023)

The ACFIC is a non-governmental chamber of commerce established in 1953. The ACFIC was established to advance the Communist Party's interests and promote the party's policies among private entrepreneurs.

From November 2002 to 2012, the ACFIC had been led by Chairman Huang Mengfu (Chinese: 黄孟复), who, like his predecessors, was also a vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee, ranking as a national leader of China. His predecessor was Jing Shuping, founder of the first private bank in modern China and the son of a well-known entrepreneur of the late Qing Dynasty.

The first vice-chairman of the ACFIC is Quan Zhezhu (Chinese: 全哲洙), a deputy minister of the United Front Department originally from Jilin. The ACFIC has another 23 vice-chairpersons, most of them private entrepreneurs.

Organization

The ACFIC is led by a ministerial-level CCP secretary and chairman. The chairman has usually been a member of the China National Democratic Construction Association, also serving as a vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. ACFIC leadership is chosen through consultation between the CCP and private enterprise. The ACFIC is a constituent of the CPPCC and is allocated seats to the NPC. ACFIC seeks to influence policy through submitting proposals to the CPPCC, a process which requires relevant government ministries to investigate the proposals and prepare a formal response.

More than 3,000 regional federations of industry and commerce (FIC) have been established in all provinces and prefectures and most counties of China. The relationship between ACFIC and the regional FIC is described as a role of guidance, but the statute of ACFIC is also valid for the regional federations.

In September 2020, the CCP announced that it would establish more party committees in regional FICs, and would arrange a special liaison between them and the CCP.

See also

References

  1. Weil, Stefanie (2016-12-01). Lobbying and Foreign Interests in Chinese Politics. Springer. pp. 82–118. ISBN 978-1-137-55620-2.
  2. Dotson, John (September 28, 2020). "The CCP's New Directives for United Front Work in Private Enterprises". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  3. Yan, Xiaojun; Huang, Jie (2017). "Navigating Unknown Waters: The Chinese Communist Party's New Presence in the Private Sector". China Review. 17 (2): 37–63. ISSN 1680-2012. JSTOR 44440170.
  4. ^ Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001. ISBN 9780197682258.
  5. "ACFIC Leaders". Archived from the original on 2010-08-28. Retrieved 2010-08-28.
  6. "Decoding Chinese Politics". Asia Society. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  7. Li, David Daokui (2024). China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 135. ISBN 978-0393292398.
  8. Groot, Gerry (June 19, 2018). "Understanding the Role of Chambers of Commerce and Industry Associations in United Front Work". Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-14.
  9. "ACFIC Website (in Chinese)". Archived from the original on 2010-08-23. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
  10. General Office of the CPC Central Committee. "Opinions on Strengthening the United Front Work of Private Economy in the New Era". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.

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