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{{Short description|Chamber of commerce in China}}
]]]
{{Infobox organization
| name = All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce
| native name = 中华全国工商业联合会
| logo = All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce logo.png
| image = All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce headquarters (20230201165934).jpg
| caption = ACFIC headquarters
| abbreviation = ACFIC
| founder = ]
| type = ]
| formation = 1953
| status = ]
| location_city = ]
| location_country = ]
| membership = 4.71 million
| key_people = ]<br/><small>(])</small><br/>]<br/><small>(Executive Vice Chairman)</small>
| num_staff =
| homepage = {{url|http://www.chinachamber.org.cn}} {{small|(in English)}}<br/>{{url|http://www.acfic.org.cn/}} {{small|(in Chinese)}}
}}{{Chinese
| s = 中华全国工商业联合会
| t = 中華全國工商業聯合會
| p = Zhōnghuá Quánguó Gōngshāngyè Liánhéhuì
| c =
| j =
| mi =
| ci =
| altname = Abbreviation
| s2 = 全国工商联
| t2 = 全國工商聯
| p2 = Quánguó Gōngshānglián
| order = st
| altname3 = All-China Chamber of Industry and Commerce
| s3 = 中国民间商会
| t3 = 中國民間商會
| p3 = Zhōngguó Mínjiān Shānghuì
}}{{Politics of China |expanded = United Front }}
The '''All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce''' ('''ACFIC'''), ] the '''All-China Chamber of Industry and Commerce''' ('''ACCIC''') is a ] and ], established in 1953 as a successor to the chambers of commerce that were first founded during the ].


Today, it consists of Chinese industrialists and business people under the leadership of the ] of the ] (CCP), as well as being a constituent organization of the National Committee of the ] (CPPCC) and the holder of a number of seats in the ]. The organization assists the government in managing China's ] economy and acts as a bridge between the private sector entities and the government.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Weil |first=Stefanie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAikDQAAQBAJ |title=Lobbying and Foreign Interests in Chinese Politics |date=2016-12-01 |publisher=] |isbn=978-1-137-55620-2 |pages=82–118 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dotson|first=John|date=September 28, 2020|title=The CCP's New Directives for United Front Work in Private Enterprises|url=https://jamestown.org/program/the-ccps-new-directives-for-united-front-work-in-private-enterprises/|access-date=2020-09-30|website=]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yan |first1=Xiaojun |last2=Huang |first2=Jie |date=2017 |title=Navigating Unknown Waters: The Chinese Communist Party's New Presence in the Private Sector |journal=] |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=37–63 |issn=1680-2012 |jstor=44440170}}</ref>
The '''All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce''' ('''ACFIC'''; {{zh|s=中华全国工商业联合会|t=中華全國工商業聯合會|p=Zhōng​huá​ quán​guó​ gōng​shāng​yè​ lián​hé​huì​}}) is a non-governmental chamber of commerce consisting of Chinese industrialists and business people under leadership of the ] of the ]. The organization assists the government to manage China's private economy, and also act as a bridge between the private sector and the government. <ref>http://www.chinachamber.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qleng/s2569/index.html</ref>


== Background and History == == History ==
{{Update section|date=June 2023}}
The ACFIC is a non-governmental chamber of commerce established in 1953.<ref name=":Zhang">{{Cite book |last=Zhang |first=Angela Huyue |title=High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy |publisher=] |year=2024 |isbn=9780197682258 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001}}</ref>{{Rp|page=167}} The ACFIC was established to advance the Communist Party's interests and promote the party's policies among private entrepreneurs.<ref name=":Zhang" />{{Rp|page=167}}


From November 2002 to 2012, the ACFIC had been led by Chairman ] ({{zh |s = 黄孟复 }}), who, like his predecessors, was also a vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee, ranking as a ]. His predecessor was ], founder of the ] in modern China and the son of a well-known entrepreneur of the late Qing Dynasty.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
ACFIC was established in 1953 as a successor to the chambers of commerce that were first founded during the ]. Today, it is a constituent organization of the National Committee of the ] and has a number of seats in the ], the formal legislative organ of China.


The first vice-chairman of the ACFIC is Quan Zhezhu ({{zh |s = 全哲洙 }}), a deputy minister of the United Front Department originally from ]. The ACFIC has another 23 vice-chairpersons, most of them private entrepreneurs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinachamber.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qleng/s2579/index.html |title=ACFIC Leaders |access-date=2010-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828104332/http://www.chinachamber.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qleng/s2579/index.html |archive-date=2010-08-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The ACFIC guideline follows the political-economic theory of ]'s "One country, two systems" and the practice of "Socialism with Chinese characteristics." Both ideas, as translated from Chinese, regard the preliminary stage of China's yearning economy and the government's necessary role as a guiding force for economic activity.


==Organization==
The ACFIC has established far-ranging connections with chambers of commerce of over one hundred nations and regions. It will persistently promote its relationship with industrial and commercial organizations, enterprises and individuals both at home and abroad, and strengthen accordingly the cooperation and common development of a global economy.
The ACFIC is led by a ministerial-level CCP secretary and chairman. The chairman has usually been a member of the ], also serving as a ].<ref name=":022">{{Cite web |title=Decoding Chinese Politics |url=https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/decoding-chinese-politics |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=]}}</ref> ACFIC leadership is chosen through consultation between the CCP and private enterprise.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |last=Li |first=David Daokui |title=China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict |date=2024 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0393292398 |location=New York, NY |pages=135 |author-link=David Daokui Li}}</ref> The ACFIC is a constituent of the CPPCC and is allocated seats to the NPC.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Groot |first=Gerry |date=June 19, 2018 |title=Understanding the Role of Chambers of Commerce and Industry Associations in United Front Work |language=en-US |website=] |url=https://jamestown.org/program/understanding-the-role-of-chambers-of-commerce-and-industry-associations-in-united-front-work/ |url-status=live |access-date=2019-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911074025/https://jamestown.org/program/understanding-the-role-of-chambers-of-commerce-and-industry-associations-in-united-front-work/ |archive-date=September 11, 2019}}</ref> ACFIC seeks to influence policy through submitting proposals to the CPPCC, a process which requires relevant government ministries to investigate the proposals and prepare a formal response.<ref name=":Zhang" />{{Rp|page=167}}


More than 3,000 regional federations of industry and commerce (FIC) have been established in all ] and ] and most ] of China. The relationship between ACFIC and the regional FIC is described as a role of guidance, but the statute of ACFIC is also valid for the regional federations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.acfic.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qggsl/gsljj/index.html |title=ACFIC Website (in Chinese) |access-date=2010-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823043715/http://www.acfic.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qggsl/gsljj/index.html |archive-date=2010-08-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Regional Federations ==


In September 2020, the CCP announced that it would establish more party committees in regional FICs, and would arrange a special liaison between them and the CCP.<ref>{{cite web |last1=General Office of the CPC Central Committee |title=Opinions on Strengthening the United Front Work of Private Economy in the New Era |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/zywj/2020-09/15/c_1126497384.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019064610/http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/zywj/2020-09/15/c_1126497384.htm |archive-date=19 October 2020 |access-date=15 September 2020 |website=]}}</ref>
Regional federations of industry and commerce (FIC) have been established in all ] and ] and in most ] of China, to a total of more than 3,000 nationwide. As of 2009, they listed a combined membership of 2.6 million private enterprises. The relationship between ACFIC and the regional FIC is described as a role of guidance, but the statute of ACFIC is also valid for the regional federations.<ref></ref>

== Core functions ==

The core responsibilities of the ACFIC are: <ref>http://www.chinachamber.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qleng/s2569/index.html</ref>

* Increase communications between the government and the private economy;
* Assist the government in managing the private economy;
* Participate in political consultation of national policies and strategies in politics, economy and social affairs;
* Help its members in technological innovation, management and culture for increased competitiveness and in achieving sustainable development;
* Represent the legitimate rights of its members and to extend their proposals and requirements to government;
* Provide members with services in training, financing, technology, legal consultation and information, and to resolve the difficulties and problems they are facing;
* Build closer relationships with foreign commercial and industrial entities;
* Help members to go overseas for business opportunities and contribute to China’s economic reforms.

== Agency Structure ==

The agency is structured into the following departments. <ref>http://www.chinachamber.org.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/qleng/s2578/index.html</ref>

* General Office
* Department of Research
* Department of Membership
* Department of Publicity and Education
* Department of Economic Service
* Department of Poverty Relief and Social Service
* Department of International Liaison
* Department of Legal Affairs
* Department of Human Resources

== ACFIC Notables ==

Since November 2002, ACFIC is led by Chairman ] ({{zh|s=黄孟复}}), who is like his predecessors also a vice chairman of the CPPCC National Committee. Huang is a senior engineer, former vice mayor of ] and member of the provincial committee of ]. He is also honorary vice chairman of the ]<ref></ref> and honorary chairman of the China Employment Promotion Association.

State President ] joined in the discussion by ACFIC representatives during the 4th session of the Eighth Political Consultative Conference in March 1996.

Former President ] met in April 1995 with ], CEO of South Korea's ], Mrs. Lee, and their delegation, who came to visit China at the invitation of ACFIC.


== See also == == See also ==
{{Portal|China}}


* ] * ]
* ]


== References == == References ==
{{reflist|2}} {{Reflist|30em}}


== External links == == External links ==
{{Library resources box}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|en}}


{{Clear}}
* {{en}}
{{Economy of China}}
{{Asia topic |prefix = Chambers of Commerce & Industries of }}
{{Authority control}}


]
{{Economy of the People's Republic of China}}
]

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Latest revision as of 14:57, 22 June 2024

Chamber of commerce in China
All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce
中华全国工商业联合会
ACFIC headquarters
AbbreviationACFIC
Formation1953
FounderChen Shutong
TypeBusiness association
Legal statusPeople's organization
Location
Membership4.71 million
Key peopleGao Yunlong
(Chairman)
Xu Lejiang
(Executive Vice Chairman)
Websitewww.chinachamber.org.cn (in English)
www.acfic.org.cn (in Chinese)
All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce
Simplified Chinese中华全国工商业联合会
Traditional Chinese中華全國工商業聯合會
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōnghuá Quánguó Gōngshāngyè Liánhéhuì
Abbreviation
Simplified Chinese全国工商联
Traditional Chinese全國工商聯
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinQuánguó Gōngshānglián
All-China Chamber of Industry and Commerce
Simplified Chinese中国民间商会
Traditional Chinese中國民間商會
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōngguó Mínjiān Shānghuì
Politics of China
Leadership
Leadership generations
Succession of power
Party and state leaders
Orders of precedence
Related systems
Communist Party
History
Constitution & ideology Organization
National People's Congress (14th) State representative Executive organ Military organ Supervisory organ Judicial organs
United front
Historical parties:
Propaganda
Cross-Strait relations
Foreign relations
Related topics
flag China portal

The All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC), also called the All-China Chamber of Industry and Commerce (ACCIC) is a people's organization and chamber of commerce, established in 1953 as a successor to the chambers of commerce that were first founded during the Qing dynasty.

Today, it consists of Chinese industrialists and business people under the leadership of the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), as well as being a constituent organization of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the holder of a number of seats in the National People's Congress. The organization assists the government in managing China's private sector economy and acts as a bridge between the private sector entities and the government.

History

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2023)

The ACFIC is a non-governmental chamber of commerce established in 1953. The ACFIC was established to advance the Communist Party's interests and promote the party's policies among private entrepreneurs.

From November 2002 to 2012, the ACFIC had been led by Chairman Huang Mengfu (Chinese: 黄孟复), who, like his predecessors, was also a vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee, ranking as a national leader of China. His predecessor was Jing Shuping, founder of the first private bank in modern China and the son of a well-known entrepreneur of the late Qing Dynasty.

The first vice-chairman of the ACFIC is Quan Zhezhu (Chinese: 全哲洙), a deputy minister of the United Front Department originally from Jilin. The ACFIC has another 23 vice-chairpersons, most of them private entrepreneurs.

Organization

The ACFIC is led by a ministerial-level CCP secretary and chairman. The chairman has usually been a member of the China National Democratic Construction Association, also serving as a vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. ACFIC leadership is chosen through consultation between the CCP and private enterprise. The ACFIC is a constituent of the CPPCC and is allocated seats to the NPC. ACFIC seeks to influence policy through submitting proposals to the CPPCC, a process which requires relevant government ministries to investigate the proposals and prepare a formal response.

More than 3,000 regional federations of industry and commerce (FIC) have been established in all provinces and prefectures and most counties of China. The relationship between ACFIC and the regional FIC is described as a role of guidance, but the statute of ACFIC is also valid for the regional federations.

In September 2020, the CCP announced that it would establish more party committees in regional FICs, and would arrange a special liaison between them and the CCP.

See also

References

  1. Weil, Stefanie (2016-12-01). Lobbying and Foreign Interests in Chinese Politics. Springer. pp. 82–118. ISBN 978-1-137-55620-2.
  2. Dotson, John (September 28, 2020). "The CCP's New Directives for United Front Work in Private Enterprises". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  3. Yan, Xiaojun; Huang, Jie (2017). "Navigating Unknown Waters: The Chinese Communist Party's New Presence in the Private Sector". China Review. 17 (2): 37–63. ISSN 1680-2012. JSTOR 44440170.
  4. ^ Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001. ISBN 9780197682258.
  5. "ACFIC Leaders". Archived from the original on 2010-08-28. Retrieved 2010-08-28.
  6. "Decoding Chinese Politics". Asia Society. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  7. Li, David Daokui (2024). China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 135. ISBN 978-0393292398.
  8. Groot, Gerry (June 19, 2018). "Understanding the Role of Chambers of Commerce and Industry Associations in United Front Work". Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-14.
  9. "ACFIC Website (in Chinese)". Archived from the original on 2010-08-23. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
  10. General Office of the CPC Central Committee. "Opinions on Strengthening the United Front Work of Private Economy in the New Era". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.

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